Computer Hardware
Programs and data currently being used by the processor are placed in the ___.
RAM
Store
The results are placed in memory before the next instruction is executed
Checking the hard drive on a device running Windows 10 can be done using the ___ app
This PC
File Server
Used for data storage.
Web Server
Used to control access to resources on the Web.
Network Server
Used to control access to resources such as printers and applications on a network.
Which three of the following are external storage devices?
Universal serial bus (USB) drive Optical (DVD) drive External hard drive
A multicore processor has the ability to execute two or more sets of instructions at the same time. This is called _____.
hyperthreading
A desktop computer will typically use a ___ for most internal storage.
magnetic hard drive
IP, FTP, HTTP, and HTTPS are all acronyms that describe different ___ .
protocols
Digital device manufactures include separate chips of storage (nonvolatile) that contain instructions not designed to be rewritten or removed. An example of these instructions includes the basic input-output system (BIOS). This type of storage is separate from the hard drive and is referred to as ___ -only memory (ROM).
read
In an all-in-one computer, such as the one pictured in the image, the motherboard is housed behind the
screen
A computer system in a network that is shared by multiple users is called a
server
A computer system in a network that is shared by multiple users is called a ___
server
In the image, what use approximately 1 byte of data?
single letter
Which of these devices has the least (RAM)?
smartphone
The most powerful computers, ___ , can evaluate complex data very quickly. Many of these computers in the United States are owned by the government or major research institutions and can cost $1 million dollars or more.
supercomputers
The graphics adapter inside a digital device is also called the ___ card.
video
The amount of bits a processor can work with at any given time is referred to as ___ size?
word
The number of bits that can be processed at one time during one machine cycle is a processor's _____.
word size
Lightning connectors were developed by ___.
apple
To reduce the time it takes to find files on a hard drive it is a good idea to _____ your hard drive.
defragment
Screen size is measured by the ___.
diagonal distance between the upper right and lower left corners of the screen
Which of the following terms refers to the physical parts of a computer system?
hardware
A unit of frequency representing one cycle per second is
hertz
IrDA stands for the ___ Data Association which establishes the protocols for infrared communication transfer.
infrared
Bus ___ is measured in bits. A 64-bit bus can transmit 64 bits of data.
width
The amount of data that can be transmitted at a given time by a bus is called bus _____.
width
The ___ coding language uses 8 bits to represent a byte of information.
ASCII
Which two of the following are computers?
Gaming console Smartphone
Which three of the following devices are computers?
Gaming platform Laptop Smartphone
The small amount of memory, located within the CPU itself, is referred to as ___ cache.
L1
The connector and port developed for Apple devices such as iPhones and iPads is called _____.
Lightning
The correct abbreviation for megahertz is:
MHz
Which of the following are highlighted in the image?
Ports
Click 3 characteristics of desktop computers.
Desktops allow for relatively easy upgrade and expansion. Desktops are often used in offices since they do not need to be mobile. Desktops use a full OS.
Tablet computer
Highly mobile device that can be used while standing or even walking
Most tablets have solid-state drive (SSD) capacities measured in terabytes (TBs).
false
L1 cache
Memory located directly on the processor itself
Petabyte (PB)
1,000 terabytes of data
Personal computer CPU clock speeds range between ____.
1-4 gigahertz
Place the following steps in order to use the Disk Cleanup app on a Windows computer. Place the first step on top.
1. Click the cortana icon to open the search window 2. Type disk cleanup 3. In the disk cleanup dialog box, select the unused files 4. Click ok
Rank the storage capacities from highest to lowest. Place the highest capacity (largest) at the top.
1. Petabyte (PB) 2. Terabyte (TB) 3. Gigabyte (GB) 4. Megabyte (MB) 5. Kilobyte (KB)
Put the steps of the information processing cycle in the correct order, with the first step at the top.
1. input 2. process 3. output 4. store
L3 cache
Memory located next to the processor
Fetch, decode, execute, and store are steps of the _____ cycle.
machine
Cache contains frequently accessed data and is ___.
much smaller than computer's RAM
Two or more complete processors residing on the same chip and capable of executing two or more sets of instructions at a time is called a ____-core processor.
multi
When a computer is shut down, the information in the memory (the RAM, the caches, the registers) is ___.
not saved
A processor composed of one control unit and one arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is called a:
single-core processor
A hardware component that keeps data and information when the device is not powered is called a ____ device.
storage
The four basic functions of a computer are to: 1 - accept data input 2 - process data into information 3 - present output 4 - provide __________
storage
A computer that is highly mobile, often has a smaller operating system (OS), and uses a touchscreen as the primary input method is called a _____.
tablet
Hard drive ___ is the amount of storage you have available to save data and information.
capacity
Fetch
An instruction is obtained from memory
Desktop computer
Designed for power users. Has a relatively large footprint.
Laptop computer
Designed for those who need a mobile computer but need to enter a large amount of data
____ is actually storage since it retains data and information when the power has been turned off.
ROM (Read-Only Memory)
One way to delete unused files from your Windows hard drive is to use the Disk ___ app.
Cleanup
Another name for a computer's processor is the:
CPU
Which four steps are the part of the machine cycle?
Fetch, decode, execute, and store
The interface and connectivity of digital musical devices to computers is accomplished by using _____.
MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)
Match the location of the motherboard in each device.
Match the location of the motherboard in each device.
Disk cache
Memory used to increase a hard drive's efficiency
What is equal to one cycle per second?
Hertz
___ is the standard for video and audio input into televisions today.
HDMI
Which three of the following are common types of servers?
Network Server Web Server File Server
The largest chip designing and manufacturing company in the world is ___
Intel
The Apple iPod, Google Chromecast, Amazon Kindle Fire and Roku are examples of _____ Media Players.
Personal
Smartphone
Behind the touchscreen
Laptop
Beneath the keyboard
Which of the following provide data storage?
External hard drive Server bank solid-state drive (SSD)
Desktop
In tower or chassis
Gigabyte (GB)
One billion bytes of data
Megabyte (MB)
One million bytes of data
Decode
The instructions are converted into something the computer can understand
Execute
The processor completes the instruction
The depiction of image data on a display or output device is called
graphics
The loading of an operating system into the main memory of a device is called the ___ process.
boot
The output of visual images created by a computer is known as ____.
graphics
The windows 10 app used remove unwanted files from your computer's hard drive is called ___ Cleanup.
Disk
Jorge wants to check the hard drive capacity of his Windows laptop through the System menu. Place the following steps in order with the first step at the top.
1. Click the windows icon to open the start menu 2. Click the settings icon to open the settings menu 3. Click system 4. Click storage
Which two of the following statements are true about Unicode?
16 bit (minimum) encoding standard Capable of representing all of the world's languages
Which of the following is not part of the boot process?
Any installed anti-virus software checks the system for errors
All-in-one computer
Designed to stay on a desk. Provides a large monitor but takes up less space than a desktop computer
Sold in categories such as CAT5e (enhanced) or CAT6, or CAT7 cable is commonly used for connecting devices in a network. These are commonly called ___ cables.
Ethernet
Select two characteristics of a solid-state drive (SSD).
Extremely fast No moving parts
The amount of space a device takes up on a desk or table is referred to as its _____.
Footprint
Intel
Founded in 1968, this is the world's largest designer of computer chips. Its i5, i7, and i9 chips dominate the personal computer market
AMD
Founded in 1969, this company's technology is featured inside most gaming consoles including the PS5
Nvidia
Founded in 1993, produces popular mobile device processors
Which three of the following are commonly associated with laptop computers?
Full operating system Mobile Integrated keyboard, monitor, and touchpad
The port/connector combination that is used for nearly all high-definition television or computer monitor connections for video and audio is ___.
HDMI
Which important process is performed by the CPU?
Machine cycle
Mainframe
More powerful than a server, less powerful than a supercomputer. Not designed to calculate huge formulas, but able to manage thousands of transactions simultaneously. Often operated by businesses such as large banks or credit card companies.
Supercomputer
Most powerful type of computer. Many of these are owned by research universities and government agencies such as the NSA. NASA uses them to determine gravitational fluctuations that might indicate additional planets in the solar system
High-Definition ___ Interface is a standard interface for audio-video connectivity which allows for the transmission of high-definition audio and video signals.
Multimedia
Many computers today use _____, which is a coding scheme using at least 16 bits to represent a character.
Unicode
Popular in the 1990s, the blue port in the image is used to connect computers to monitors or televisions. It is a(n):
VGA
This close-up of the side of a laptop computer shows two ports, an HDMI port and a ___ .
VGA port
The standard for wireless Ethernet networks is known as _____.
Wi-Fi
For which of the following two reasons, you might purchase a tablet computer rather than a laptop?
You need a highly mobile computer that works well for reading e-books or Netflix You need a computer that you can use while walking
Gigahertz means one _____ cycles (instructions) per second.
billion
A hole in a punch card, a transistor on a circuit board, or the reflective element on a digital versatile disc (DVD) each represents the smallest unit of data storage called a ___.
bit
A short-range wireless transmission protocol is known as _____.
bluetooth
A channel over which information flows inside a digital device is called a
bus
A channel over which information flows inside a digital device is called a _____.
bus
The three factors that impact a processor's speed are clock speed, word size, and ___ .
bus width
Data flows between different parts of the computer via _____ .
buses
In American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII), eight bits = one ___.
byte
Clock speed, also referred to as _____ _____, is the speed at which the processor performs the operations required to run a digital device and instructions executed by the digital device.
clock rate
A protocol commonly used to transfer large files from one server to another on the Internet is the ___.
file transfer protocol (FTP)
Typical SSD capacities for tablet computers or smartphones are measured in _____.
gigabytes
The physical parts of a computer, such as the monitor, keyboard, mouse, and system unit are called computer ___ .
hardware
Because they have no moving parts, solid-state drives (SSDs) costs tend to be ___.
higher
T.V. remotes use ___ signals.
infrared
A two-in-one computer combines a large tablet computer with a (usually) detachable ___
keyboard
A mobile hinged computer with an integrated keyboard that uses a full operating system is called a notebook or a ____ computer.
laptop
An organization that needs to process thousands of simultaneous transactions probably has a ___ computer
mainframe
While not designed to solve complex technical formulas, a computer that is more powerful than a server computer, and used by organizations to process large numbers of transactions simultaneously is called a
mainframe
The devices shown in the image (iPod, Chromecast, Roku, etc.) are referred to as Personal ___ Players
media
Megahertz means one _____ cycles (or instructions) per second.
million
A laptop typically has __ RAM than a smartphone.
more
The actual number of pixels (resolution) in a monitor is called ___ resolution.
native
The actual number of pixels in a monitor is called ___.
native resolution
Running the processor faster than recommended by the manufacturer is called _____. This can increase performance and speed, but also can also void the manufacturer warranty.
overclocking
A hole or slot in a computer, designed to accept a specific connector, is called a ___.
port
A processor with one control unit and one arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is called a ____.
single-core processor
A cell phone that allows you to surf the web is called a(n) ___. This is actually a powerful computer capable of accepting input, processing data into information, providing data, and storing data.
smartphone
Solid ___ Drives (SSDs) are all-electronic storage devices that are used in a variety of products including smartphones, cameras, and tablet computers. SSDs have no moving parts, which makes them faster and more durable than hard drives.
state
Devices allowing the retention of data, when your computer has been shut down, for future use are called __.
storage
The location of the computer's ___ unit, which houses a computer's motherboard, depends on the type of computer. For example, in this laptop, it is located under the keyboard.
system
Identify the connector in the image. It is commonly used for musical instruments. This is a ___ connector.
MIDI
___ can damage a processor if not properly executed. It will also void your warranty.
Overclocking
As you use your hard drive new files will be deleted and added. This can create a slower, more disorganized hard drive. To speed it up you may want to ___ your hard drive. This process reduces unused disk sectors.
defragment
Screen size is measured ___ from one corner of the screen to the other.
diagonally
Memory, such as RAM or cache, is __ and has no moving parts.
electronic (solid state)
Memory, such as a computer's RAM ___
holds data and programs being used by the processor.
There are many protocols that are used to help streamline the communication of all digital devices. For example, Wi-Fi uses the _____ protocol. This protocol ensures that devices enabled with Wi-Fi can connect to any Wi-Fi network.
802.11
Because its radio waves can pass through walls or desktops, ___-capable devices are becoming very popular.
Bluetooth
Kilobyte (KB)
One thousand bytes of data
Terabyte (TB)
One trillion bytes of data
Which computer component found on the motherboard (magnified in the image) is often called the brains of the computer?
CPU
A digital device that accepts input, processes data into information, stores data, and provides output is a
computer
A computer that is integrated (is a part of) with a larger device, such as a programmable thermostat, is called a(n) ___ computer. It has a real-time operating system (RTOS).
embedded
A stationary (non-mobile) computer that combines the power of a desktop with a neat, clean, look is a(n):
all-in-one
Devices that integrate the computer case (chassis) and system components into the monitor, but have an external keyboard and mouse are called ___ computers
all-in-one
Smartphones owe much of their popularity and computing flexibility to ___ .
apps (applications)
The smallest unit of storage is called a ___. It is the data held or processed by a single transistor.
bit
Sold in categories such as CAT5e (enhanced) or CAT6, or CAT7 cable is commonly used for connecting devices in a network. These are commonly called ___ .
cables
A high-speed storage area usually located directly on the CPU is called
cache
The amount of data that defines each color in a pixel is called ___.
color depth
A digital device that accepts input, processes and stores the input, and provides output is a ____.
computer
This personal computer is a good choice for gamers who want to be able to expand its capabilities and for families with children who might drop a laptop. It's called a
desktop computer
Small computers that are a component of other devices are called ___ computers.
embedded
The only major difference between MacBooks and the Dell laptops is their prices.
false
The speed of most modern processors is measured in _____.
gigahertz
The system unit of a computer houses the computer's main circuit board. This circuit board, which holds the CPU, is called the
motherboard
Two or more complete processors residing on the same chip and can execute two or more sets of instructions at a time is called a ___-core processor.
multi
A type of interface that enables communication between digital devices, allows data transfer, and for devices to be electrically charged is called Universal ___ Bus.
serial
Data from the hard drive reaches the CPU ___ than data from the RAM.
slower
Sometimes called a convertible laptop, a type of laptop that has a removable, or concealed keyboard as well as a touchscreen so that it can be used as a tablet is called a(n) ___
2-in-1
Popularized with transistor radios in the 1950s, this connector is still used with many (non-Apple) cell phones today. It is a:
3.5-mm connector
Some computers use _____ , an 8-bit coding scheme to represent characters in a binary format.
ASCII
Which two of the following are correct statements regarding all-in-one computers?
All-in-one computers house every component except the keyboard and mouse inside the same case as the monitor. An all-in-one computer is a stationary device with a separate keyboard and mouse. The motherboard is housed behind the monitor.
Memory and ___ hold data used by processors.
cache
The short-range wireless transmission protocol, commonly used with smartphones and many other devices, is called ___ .
Bluetooth
Which of the following computers might contain a traditional (magnetic) hard drive?
Dell desktop computer
Which of the following is fastest?
Gigahertz
Which three of the following colors are used to create pixels in most output devices?
Green Blue Red
Select 3 characteristics of a tablet computer. Multiple select question.
Is highly mobile Has as a touchscreen Usually has a mobile operating system
This type of connector is the most common for connecting peripherals (printers, monitors, storage devices, etc.) to a computer.
USB
If you buy a new computer game that emphasizes graphics, or new photo/video editing software for your desktop computer, you may want to purchase a new ___.
video/graphics card
