Computer Programming Concepts

False

A programming language that supports the procedural paradigm is called a declarative language

False

A simple example of a repetition control structure is the if...else command

True

An API is a set of application or operating system functions that programmers can ad to the programs they create.

True

Another way to express an algorithm is with a pseudocode.

False

Application programmers specialize in developing system software such as operating systems, device drivers, security modules, and communication software.

Main()

C, the "main" function is treated the same as every function, it has a return type (and in some cases accepts inputs via parameters).

Compiler

Converts all the statments in a program in a single batch

False

Generally speaking, in an object-oriented program, the objects don't interact

Instantation

In object-oriented programming, some writers say that you instantiate a class to create an object, a concrete instance of the class.

Function

Is a section of code that is part of a program, but is not included in the main sequential execution path

Prolog

Is used for artificial intelligence and applications and expert systems

NOT a characteristic for a good problem statement

It contains detailed descriptions of the processes and tools that need to be developed.

True

Microprocessors only understand machine language, so there has to be some way to convert assembly language instructions into 1's and 0's

NOT a programming paradigm

Predictive

True

Prolog and other declarative languages were classified as fifth-generation languages.

Repetition control structure

Repetition structures, or loops, are used when a program needs to repeatedly process one or more instructions until some condition is met, at which time the loop ends.

Selection control structure

Tells a computer what to do based on whether a condition is true or false

True

The facts in a Prolog program are useful even without any rules.

Op Code

The human-readable version of a program created in a high-level language by a programmer

Code

The instructions that make up a computer program are sometimes referred to as

False

The order or sequence of rules in a Prolog program is usually critical.

Abstraction

Through the process of abstraction, a programmer hides all but the relevant data about an object in order to reduce complexity and increase efficiency.

Pseudocode

a notation resembling a simplified programming language, used in program design.

Method

a procedure associated with a message and an object.

Algorithm

a process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations, especially by a computer.

Object-oriented

a programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects", which may contain data, in the form of fields, often known as attributes; and code, in the form of procedures, often known as methods.

Source Code

a text listing of commands to be compiled or assembled into an executable computer program.

Walkthrough

a walkthrough or walk-through is a form of software peer review "in which a designer or programmer leads members of the development team and other interested parties go through a software product, and the participants ask questions and make comments about possible errors, violation of development standards, and other problems"

Argument

are independent items, or variables, that contain data or codes. When an argument is used to customize a program for a user, it is typically called a "parameter."

Object Code

code produced by a compiler or assembler.

SIMULA

computer historians believe that SIMULA was the first programming language to work with objects, classes, inheritance, and methods

Class Attribute

defines the characteristcs of a set of objects

Declarative

denoting high-level programming languages that can be used to solve problems without requiring the programmer to specify an exact procedure to be followed.

Predictive

denoting or relating to a system for using data already stored in a computer or mobile phone to generate the letters or words a user is likely to enter next, on the basis of those that have already been entered.

Inheritance

enables new objects to take on the properties of existing objects.

Control structure

is a block of programming that analyzes variables and chooses a direction in which to go based on given parameters. The term flow control details the direction the program takes (which way program control "flows").

COBOL

is a compiled English-like computer programming language designed for business use.

C++

is a general-purpose programming language. It has imperative, object-oriented and generic programming features, while also providing facilities for low-level memory manipulation.

Objective C

is a general-purpose, object-oriented programming language that adds Smalltalk-style messaging to the C programming language.

Iteration

is a process wherein a set of instructions or structures are repeated in a sequence a specified number of times or until a condition is met.

Goto

is a statement found in many computer programming languages. It performs a one-way transfer of control to another line of code; in contrast a function call normally returns control.

Javascript

is an interpreted language most commonly used for client-side web scripting, such as animating page elements and validating input on HTML forms.

Python

is an interpreted, object-oriented programming language similar to PERL, that has gained popularity because of its clear syntax and readability.

Java

is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.

Structured English

is the use of the English language with the syntax of structured programming to communicate the design of a computer program to non-technical users by breaking it down into logical steps using straightforward English words.

Encapsulation

is used to refer to one of two related but distinct notions, and sometimes to the combination thereof: A language mechanism for restricting direct access to some of the object's components.

Procedural

language that specifies a series of well-structured steps and procedures within its programming context to compose a program.

Python

object-oriented programming language similar to PERL, that has gained popularity because of its clear syntax and readability.

Control

that analyzes variables and chooses a direction in which to go based on given parameters.

Object Code

the resulting collection of instructions, is placed in a new file.

Syntax

the syntax of a computer language is the set of rules that defines the combinations of symbols that are considered to be a correctly structured document or fragment in that language.

Sequence control structure

then executes one sequence of statements instead of another, depending on whether the condition is true or false.

Java

was designed to have the look and feel of the C++ language, but it is simpler to use than C++ and enforces an object-oriented programming model. Java can be used to create complete applications that may run on a single computer or be distributed among servers and clients in a network.

True

when taking the object-oriented approach to a problem, one of the first steps is to identify the objects that pertain to a solution