Concept 4

-PA helps maintain bone density/ decrease risk for osteoporosis:

-Also eat a diet rich in calcium and Vitamin D -Also avoid smoking and alcohol -Drug therapy available

what else does PA do?

-PA helps maintain healthy body weight -PA reduces emotional/mental health disorders, many stress related -PA improves immune system -PA benefits mother and child

-PA can positively effect:

-arthritis -asthma -PMS

PA reduces risk of certain types of cancer:

-colon, breast, rectal, prostate

what does CHD (coronary heart disease) include?

-effects heart and blood vessels -coronary occlusion (heart attack) -Atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis -Angina pectoris

what does CVS (includes CHD) include?

-hypertension (high blood pressure) -stroke -peripheral vascular disease -congestive heart failure

PA promotes muscle fitness:

-less likely to have back problems

Regular Exercise:

-makes the heart muscle get stronger -contracts more forcefully -pumps more blood with each beat which allows heart to work easier -improves delivery of oxygen to heart -results in lower heat rate & greater efficiency

-Excessive PA may lead to hyperkinetic conditions

-overuse injuries -body neurosis -anorexia athletica

PA helps:

-reduce body fatness -decrease insulin requirement -improve insulin sensitivity -improve body's ability to clear sugar from the blood

Preventing atherosclerosis through PA

-reduces lipids (LDL, triglycerides) -increases HDL -reduces fibrin deposits -improves coronary circulation -improves our ability to deal with stress -reduces blood pressure

-PA helps manage and treat diabetes -What is it?

-results when there is too much sugar in the blood -body does not make enough insulin or not able to use insulin efficiently -type 1: insulin dependent; not considered hypokinetic condition -type 2: often not insulin dependent; partly associated with obesity

SeDs (sedentary death syndrome) symptoms?

-sedentary living -low cardio fitness -weak muscles -low bone density -poor metabolic fitness

-PA and aging:

-shortens illness and disabilities -prevents cognitive decline; dementia and AD

-Regular PA contributes to optimal wellness:

-work, home, society

normal BP

120/180

normal beats/min

72 beats/minute

High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

A blood substance that picks up cholesterol and helps remove it from the body; often called "good cholesterol."

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

A broad classification of diseases of the heart and blood vessels that includes CHD, high blood pressure, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease.

Osteoporosis

A condition associated with low bone density and subsequent bone fragility, leading to high risk for fracture.

Stroke

A condition in which the brain, or part of the brain, receives insufficient oxygen as a result of diminished blood supply; sometimes called apoplexy or cerebrovascular accident (CVA).

Insulin Resistance

A condition that occurs when insulin becomes ineffective or less effective than necessary to regulate sugar levels in the blood.

Low-Densisty Lipoprotein (LDL)

A core of cholesterol surrounded by protein; the core is often called "bad cholesterol."

Sedentary Death Syndrome (SeDS)

A group of symptoms associated with sedentary living, including low health-related fitness (low cardiovascular fitness and weak muscles), low bone density, and the presence of metabolic syndrome (poor metabolic fitness).

Insulin

A hormone secreted by the pancreas that regulates levels of sugar in the blood.

Peripheral Vascular Disease

A lack of oxygen supply to the working muscles and tissues of the arms and legs, resulting from decreased blood flow.

Insuline Sensitivity

A person with insulin resistance (see previous definition) is said to have decreased insulin sensitivity. The body's cells are not sensitive to insulin, so they resist it and sugar levels are not regulated effectively.

Fibrin

A sticky, threadlike substance that, in combination with blood cells, forms a blood clot.

Emotional Storm

A traumatic emotional experience that is likely to affect the human organism physiologically.

Triglycerides

A type of blood fat associated with increased risk for heart disease.

what reduces chances of hypokinetic disease?

regular physical activity

Benign Tumors

An abnormal growth of tissue confined to a particular area; not considered to be cancer.

Malignant Tumors (carcinomas)

An uncontrolled and dangerous growth capable of spreading to other areas; a cancerous tumor.

Angina Pectoris

Chest or arm pain resulting from reduced oxygen supply to the heart muscle.

Coronary Collateral Circulation

Circulation of blood to the heart muscle associated with the blood-carrying capacity of a specific vessel or development of collateral vessels (extra blood vessels).

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

Diseases of the heart muscle and the blood vessels that supply it with oxygen, including heart attack.

Chronic Diseases

Diseases or illnesses associated with lifestyle or environmental factors, as opposed to infectious diseases; hypokinetic diseases are considered to be chronic diseases.

Hyperkinetic Conditions

Diseases/illnesses or health conditions caused, or contributed to, by too much physical activity.

Arteriosclerosis

Hardening of the arteries due to conditions that cause the arterial walls to become thick, hard, and nonelastic.

Hypertension

High blood pressure; excessive pressure against the walls of the arteries that can damage the heart, kidneys, and other organs of the body.

Hypokinetic Diseases or Conditions

Hypo- means "under" or "too little" and -kinetic means "movement" or "activity." Thus, hypokinetic means "too little activity." A hypokinetic disease or condition is associated with lack of physical activity or too little regular exercise. Examples include heart disease, low back pain, and Type II diabetes.

what is a primary risk factor for CHD?

Inactivity

Coronary Occlusion

The blocking of the coronary blood vessels; sometimes called heart attack.

Sympathetic Nervous System

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for activity by speeding up the heart rate.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that slows the heart rate.

Atherosclerosis

The deposition of materials along the arterial walls; a type of arteriosclerosis.

Congestive Heart Failure

The inability of the heart muscle to pump the blood at a life-sustaining rate.

Diastolic Blood Pressure

The lower blood pressure number, often called "resting pressure." It is the pressure in the arteries at its lowest level occurring just before the next beat of the heart.

Systolic Blood Pressure

The upper blood pressure number, often called working blood pressure. It represents the pressure in the arteries at its highest level just after the heart beats.

Lipids

all fatty substances

Lipoproteins

fat carrying proteins in blood