Conceptual Physics Final Review Chapter 15-18
When a volume of air is compressed, its temperature a) decreases b) increases c) neither increases nor decreases
b) increases
Newton's law of cooling applies to objects that are a) cooling b) heating c) both of these d) none of these
c) both of these
Heat energy is measured in units of a) calories b) joules c) choices A and B are both true d) choices A and B are both false
c) choices A and B are both true
The lowest temperature possible in nature is a) -273 degrees C b) 0 degrees C c) 4K
a) -273 degrees C
The temperature at the bottom of Lake Michigan at this moment is a) 4 degrees C b) above 4 degrees C c) below 4 degrees C d) uncertain
a) 4 degrees C
Water will evaporate quicker if it a) choices C, D, and E are all correct b) one or two of the choices below are not correct c) is spread out in a thin sheet d) is preheated to 100 degrees C e) is surrounded by dry air
a) C, D, and E are all correct
A good absorber of radiation is a a) poor emitter of radiation b) good emitter of radiation c) good reflector d) none of these
b) good emitter of radiation good emitter of radiation cools down faster
Entropy measures a) temperature at constant volume b) temperature as volume increases c) disorder d) temperature as pressure increases e) temperature at constant pressure
c) disorder
When heat is added to boiling water, its temperature a) increases b) decreases c) does not change
c) does not change
For increased altitude, the boiling point of water a) goes up b) remains at 100 degrees C c) goes down
c) goes down
Stored potatoes, beets, and rutabagas freeze at temperatures below zero degrees C ( rather than at exactly zero) because a) they are very dense b) they are good absorbers of radiant heat c) the water in them contains dissolved salts and sugars d) they are good radiators of energy e) all of the above choices are true
C) the water in them contain dissolved salts and sugars
On a chilly 10 degree C day, your friend who likes cold weather, wishes it were twice as cold ( half as hot). Taken literally, this temperature would be a) -131.5 degrees C b) -141.5 degrees C c) 10 degrees C d) 0 degrees C e) 5 degrees C
a) -131.5 degrees C 1st convert to K, then muliply by 1/2 (use .5 to multiply) 10 C + 273 = 283 K 283 K * .5 = 141.5 K 141.5 K - 273 = -131.5 C
To increase the temperature of 50 grams of water by 2 Celsius degrees requires a) 100 calories b) 4.8 calories c) 25 calories d) 0.04 calorie
a) 100 calories
A good heat conductor is a) a poor insulator b) a good insulator c) neither a poor nor a good insulator
a) a poor insulator
Cold water will warm to room temperature faster in a a) black pot b) silver pot
a) black pot
If you want to cook eggs by boiling them while in the mountains, then compared to sea-level cooking, you should a) boil the eggs for a longer time b) boil the eggs for a shorter time c) use a hotter flame d) none of the above choices are true
a) boil eggs for a longer time
A quantity of water has more entropy when it is a) boiling b) frozen ice c) at room temperature
a) boiling
Blow on your hand with your open mouth and you feel the warmth of your breath. Pucker your lips so your breath expands as you blow and your breath is a) cooler b) warmer still c) neither warmer nor cooler
a) cooler When you pucker, the escaping air expands, getting cooler.
If a volume of air is warmed, it expands. If a volume of air expands, it a) cools b) warms c) neither warms nor cools
a) cools
Melting snow a) cools the surrounding air b) warms the surrounding air c) neither warms nor cools the surrounding air
a) cools the surrounding air
Aluminum has a specific heat capacity more than twice that of copper. Place equal masses of aluminum and copper wire in a flame and the one to undergo the fastest increase in temperature will be a) copper b) aluminum c) both the same
a) copper
Ice is put in a cooler to cool the contents. To speed up the cooling process, the ice can be a) covered with salt b) wrapped in newspaper c) drained of ice water periodically d) kept in one solid chunk e) kept out of contact with the food
a) covered with salt
Consider a sample of water at 0 degrees C. If the temperature is slightly increased, the volume of the water a) decreases b) increases c) remains the same
a) decreases
If a blob of air is swept upward, with no heat input or output, its temperature a) decreases b) increases c) remains the same
a) decreases
If glass expanded more than mercury, then the column of mercury in a mercury thermometer would rise when the temperature a) decreases b) increases c) neither of these
a) decreases
If you run a refrigerator in a closed room with the refrigerator door open, the room temperature will a) increase b) decrease c) remain unchanged
a) increase
Suppose you rapidly stir some raw eggs with an eggbeater. The temperature of the eggs will a) increase b) remain unchanged c) decrease
a) increase
As a blob of air at a high elevation sinks to a lower elevation with no heat input or output, its temperature a) increases b) decreases c) remains constant
a) increases
Systems that are left alone tend to move toward a state of a) more entropy b) less entropy c) no entropy
a) more entropy
The Earth's atmosphere gets most of its heat a) near the surface of the Earth b) at high altitudes closer to the sun c) from the Earth's core
a) near the surface of the Earth
To totally convert a given amount of mechanical energy into heat is a) possible b) impossible
a) possible opposite of question nbr 88
If you measure a plot of land with a brass tape on a cold day, the actual amount of land you have will be a) smaller than measured b) larger than measured c) the same
a) smaller than measured
It is commonly thought that a can of beverage will cool faster in the coldest part of a refrigerator. Knowledge of Newton's law of cooling a) supports this common knowledge b) shows this common knowledge is false c) supports or contradicts this common knowledge
a) supports this common knowledge
Both black and white road surfaces absorb sunlight. At the end of a sunny day, the warmer road surface will be a) the black surface b) the white surface c) neither-there is no difference
a) the black surface
Radiation waves emitted by the sun and terrestrial wave emissions are a) the same except for their frequencies and wavelengths b) entirely different kinds of waves c) identical
a) the same except for their frequencies and wavelengths
The fact that a thermometer "takes its own temperature" illustrates a) thermal equilibrium b) the fact that molecules are constantly moving c) the difference between heat and internal energy d) energy conservation
a) thermal equilibrium
The food in a refrigerator is cooled by a) vaporization of the refrigerating fluid b) condensation of the refrigerating fluid
a) vaporization of the refrigerating fluid
A temperature inversion occurs when the upper layers of air are a) warmer than the lower regions of air b) cooler than the lower regions of air c) at the same temperature as lower regions of air
a) warmer than the lower regions of air
When snow forms in clouds, the surrounding air a) warms b) cools c) neither warms nor cools
a) warms As snow forms, energy is rlsd and the snow cools. The air is warmer because the air absorbs the energy rsld by the snow.
A volume of air has temperature of 0 degrees C. An equal volume of air that is twice as hot has a temperature of a) 64 degrees C b) 273 degrees C c) 0 degrees C d) 100 degrees C
b) 273 degrees C 0 degrees C + 273 = 273 K 273 K * 2 = 546 K 546 K - 273 = 273 C
Room temperature on the Kelvin scale is about a) 400 K b) 300 K c) 200 K d) 100 K e) more than 400 K
b) 300 K
The temperature at the bottom of Lake Tahoe, high in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in CA, at this moment is a) above 4 degrees C b) 4 degrees C c) below 4 degrees C d) uncertain
b) 4 degrees C
The ideal efficiency for a heat engine operating between temperatures of 2700 K and 300 K is a) 80% b) 89% c) 24% d) 10%
b) 89% efficiency= hot - cold / hot (efficiency equals hot minus cold divided by hot; remember to convert to K if needed) 2700 - 300 / 2700 2400/2700 = 24/27 = .888 * 100 = 89% (88.8)
A temperature difference of 10 degrees C is also equal to a temperature difference of 10 on the a) Fahrenheit scale b) Kelvin scale c) both of these d) neither of these
b) Kelvin scale
The molecules in a room-temperature glass of water jostle around at a) a very small range of speeds b) a great variety of speeds c) much the same rates of speed
b) a great variety of speeds
When a solid is changed to a liquid state, the solid a) releases energy b) absorbs energy c) neither releases nor absorbs energy d) both releases and absorbs energy
b) absorbs energy
Entropy can be a) sometimes destroyed but never created b) created but not destroyed c) neither created nor destroyed
b) created but not destroyed
As a piece of metal with a hole in it cools, the diameter of the hole a) increases b) decreases c) remains the same
b) decreases
When a system does work and no heat is added to the system, its temperature a) increases b) decreases c) remains the same
b) decreases
When water at 4 degrees C is heated, it expands. When water at 4 degrees C is cooled, it a) contracts b) expands c) neither contracts nor expands
b) expands
Energy transfer by convection is primarily restricted to a) liquids b) fluids c) gases d) solids e) none of these
b) fluids
When you touch a cold piece of ice with your finger, energy flows a) from the ice to your finger b) from your finger to the ice c) actually, both ways
b) from your finger to the ice
The moderate temperatures of islands throughout the world has much to do with water's a) poor conductivity b) high specific heat c) high evaporation rate d) absorption of solar energy
b) high specific heat
Compared to a giant iceberg, a hot cup of coffee has a) a greater specific heat and more internal energy b) higher temperature but less internal energy c) more internal energy and higher temperature d) none of these
b) higher temperature but less internal energy
An object will normally be a net radiator of energy when its temperature is a) lower than its surroundings b) higher than its surroundings c) neither of these
b) higher than its surroundings
If you run a refrigerator in a closed room with the refrigerator door open, the room temperature will a) decrease b) increase c) remain unchanged
b) increase
Your feet feel warmer on a rug than on your tile floor because your rug a) for the same mass has more internal energy than your tile b) is a better insulator than your tile c) is usually warmer than your tile d) all of these e) none of these
b) is a better insulator than your tile
Stored potatoes, beets, and rutabagas in a well-insulated but unheated room can be protected from freezing by having in the room a) large blocks of salt b) large tubs of water c) large cubes of sugar d) large blocks of foam plastic e) large rocks
b) large tubs of water
When an iron ring is heated, the hole becomes a) smaller b) larger c) neither smaller nor larger d) either smaller or larger, depending on the ring thickness
b) larger
Microscopic slush in water tends to make the water density a) greater b) less c) no change
b) less The ice molecules are spread apart which makes it less dense
The fact that desert sand is very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that sand has a) no specific heat b) a low specific heat c) a high specific heat
b) low specific heat
One of the main reasons one can walk barefoot on red-hot coals of wood without burning the feet has to do with a) mind over matter techniques b) low thermal conductivity of the coals c) low temperature of the coals
b) low thermal conductivity of the coals
To say that evaporation is a cooling process is to say that the a) more energetic particles remain in the water b) more energetic particles escape c) the less energetic particles escape
b) more energetic particles escape
A refrigerator a) changes heat into cold b) moves internal energy from inside to outside the refrigerator c) causes internal energy to disappear d) produces cold
b) moves internal energy from inside to outside the refrigerator
The planet Earth loses heat mainly by a) convection b) radiation c) conduction d) all of these
b) radiation
If you double the pressure of an ideal gas while keeping the temperature constant, the average kinetic energy of the molecules a) is doubled b) remains unchanged c) increases by less than twice d) increases by more than twice
b) remains unchanged
Ice tends to form first at the a) bottom of bodies of water b) surface of bodies of water c) surface or bottom depending on the water depth
b) surface of bodies of water
Heat energy travels from an object with a high a) internal energy to an object with a lower internal energy b) temperature to an object with a lower temperature c) both of these, for they say essentially the same thing d) none of the above choices are true
b) temperature to an object with a lower temperature
The white-hot sparks that strike your skin from a 4th of July type sparkler don't harm you because a) they have a low temperature b) the energy per molecule is high, but little energy is transferred because of the few molecules in the spark c) the energy per molecule is very low
b) the energy per molecule is high, but little energy is transferred because of the few molecules in the spark
Evaporation is a cooling process because a) of conduction and convection b) the more energetic molecules are able to escape the liquid c) heat is radiated during the process d) the temperature of the remaining liquid decreases e) none of these
b) the more energetic molecules are able to escape the liquid
At the same temperature, which move with a greater speed in the air? a) heavier molecules b) very light molecules c) all will have equal average speeds
b) very light molecules
A temperature inversion occurs when the upper layers of air are a) cooler than the lower regions of air b) warmer than the lower regions of air c) at the same temperature as lower regions of air
b) warmer than the lower regions of air
A volume of air has a temperature of 0 degrees C. An equal volume of air that is twice as hot has a temperature of a) 0 degrees C b) 64 degrees C c) 273 degrees C d) 100 degrees C
c) 273 degrees C 2x as hot means 2x the KE (1 convert to K, then convert back to C) 0 C + 273 C = 273 K 273 K *2 = 546 K (* 2 because of 2x as hot) 546 K - 273 C = 273 K
Before ice can form on a lake, all the water in the lake must be cooled to a) minus 32 degrees C b) zero degrees C c) 4 degrees C d) none of the above are true, Ice can form at the surface regardless of the water temperature below
c) 4 degrees C
Pour a liter of water at 40 degrees C into a liter of water at 20 degrees C and the final temperature of the two becomes a) less than 30 degrees C b) more than 30 degrees C c) at or about 30 degrees C
c) at or about 30 degrees C
For increased atmospheric pressure, the boiling temperature of a liquid a) remains at 100 degrees C b) goes down c) goes up
c) goes up atmospheric pressure is higher at sea level
Suppose the temperature of the input reservoir in a heat engine doesn't change. As the output temperature is lowered, the efficiency of the engine a) stays the same b) decreases c) increases
c) increases
Hydrogen and oxygen molecules in a gas sample have the same temperature. This means the hydrogen molecules, on the average, have the same a) speed and the same kinetic energy b) kinetic energy, but less speed c) kinetic energy, but more speed d) speed, but more kinetic energy e) speed, but less kinetic energy
c) kinetic energy, but more speed
Double the absolute temperature of helium gas and the average speed of its molecules a) more than doubles b) doubles c) less than doubles
c) less than doubles KE=1/2 mv^2
Increased air pressure on the surface of hot water tends to a) promote boiling b) prevent boiling c) neither choice A or choice B d) choice A and choice B are both true
c) neither choice A or choice B
If you double the pressure of an ideal gas while keeping the temperature constant, the average kinetic energy of the molecules a) increases by more than twice b) increases by less than twice c) remains unchanged d) is doubled
c) remains unchanged
A hot dog pants a) to bring more oxygen into its lungs b) to impress dogs of the opposite sex c) to help evaporation occur in its mouth and bronchial tract d) for no particular reason - some things just happen
c) to help evaporation occur in its mouth and bronchial tract
During a very cold winter, water pipes sometimes burst. The reason for this is a) the ground contracts when colder, pulling pipes apart b) the thawing process releases pressure on the pipes c) water expands when freezing d) water contracts when freezing e) none of these
c) water expands when freezing
The ideal efficiency for a heat engine operating between the temperatures of 127 degrees C and 27 degrees C is a) 20% b) 40% c) 88% d) 25%
d) 25% hot - cold / hot (hot minus cold, divided by hot) 1st) convert to K 127 C + 273 = 400 K (hot) 27 C + 273 = 300 K (cold) 400-300/400 = 100/400 or 1/4th or 25%
One hundred joules of heat is added to a system that performs 60 Joules of work. The internal energy of the system is a) 100 J b) 60 J c) 0 J d) 40 J
d) 40 J 100-60=40 J of change
One hundred joules of heat is added to a system that performs 40 joules of work. The internal energy change of the system is a) 100 J b) 40 J c) 0 J d) 60 J
d) 60 J
When a block of ice at zero degrees C melts, the ice a) absorbs energy and gets warmer b) releases energy but does not change its temperature c) releases energy and gets warmer d) absorbs energy but does not change its temperature
d) absorbs energy but does not change its temperature
Substances absorb heat energy by the process of a) radiation b) conduction c) convection d) all of these
d) all of these
When a bimetallic bar made of copper and iron strips is heated, the bar bends toward the iron strip. The reason for this is a) iron expands more than copper b) iron gets hotter before copper c) copper gets hotter before iron d) copper expands more than iron e) none of these
d) copper expands more than iron
To wholly convert a given amount of heat energy into mechanical energy is a) possible using a steam engine b) possible using a simple machine c) possible using an atomic reactor d) impossible regardless of the technique used
d) impossible regardless of the technique used
To wholly convert a given amount of heat energy into mechanical energy is a) possible using an atomic reactor b) possible using a steam engine c) possible using a simple machine d) impossible regardless of the technique used
d) impossible regardless of the technique used
Adiabatic processes occur a) only in the Earth's mantle b) only in the atmosphere c) only in the oceans d) in the atmosphere, oceans, and the Earth's mantle
d) in the atmosphere, oceans, and the Earth's mantle fyi - styrofoam can create an adiabatic process/condition
Metals are both good heat conductors and good electrical conductors because of the a) high elasticity of metals b) ability of metals to transfer energy easily c) relatively high densities of metals d) looseness of outer electrons in metal atoms e) similarity between thermal and electrical conductive properties
d) looseness of outer electrons in metal atoms
Food cooked in boiling water at a mountain top cooks slower than when cooked at sea level. If the temperature under the pot of boiling water is increased, the food will cook a) faster at sea level b) faster at the mountain top c) faster at both places d) no differently than it did before the increase
d) no differently than it did before the increase
When an ideal gas is subjected to an adiabatic process a) the temperature of the gas does not change b) no work is done on the gas c) the internal energy of the gas does not change d) no heat enters or leaves the gas e) none of the above choices are true
d) no heat enters or leaves the gas
Consider a closed, sealed can of air placed on a hot stove. The contained air undergoes an increase in a) temperature b) pressure c) mass d) two of these
d) two of these temperature and pressure
When a block of ice at zero degrees C melts, the ice a) absorbs energy from its environment b) absorbs energy and gets warmer c) releases energy to its environment d) releases energy and gets warmer e) absorbs energy but does not change its temperature
e) absorbs energy but does not change its temperature Melting doesn't rlse, it absorbs. E is more correct than A. Ice melts but stays cold.
The operation of a geyser, such as old faithful in Yellowstone Park, is most like the operation of a a) vat of molten lead b) teakettle c) canteen d) vacuum bottle e) coffee percolator
e) coffee percolator
Ice has a lower density than water because ice a) sinks b) molecules vibrate at lower rates than water molecules c) density decreases with decreasing temperature d) molecules are more compact in the solid state e) is made of open-structured, hexagonal crystals
e) is made of open-structured, hexagonal crystals
