Connect Exam 5

__________ refers to a fake grassroots organization; that is, one funded in secret by those with a vested interest in the issue at hand.

Astroturf

Who is credited with being the originator of the computer?

Charles Babbage

The first electronic digital computer to turn information into binary code (zeros and ones) was called

Colossus

Around the 1920s, public relations pioneer _____________ began stressing two-way communication—that is, public relations practitioners talking to people, and in return listening to them when they talked back.

Edward Bernays

Around 1913, public relations pioneer _____________ issued his Declaration of Principles, which moved the profession's focus from primarily dispensing publicity to providing information.

Ivy Lee

The Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, which required anyone who engages in political activities in the United States on behalf of a foreign power to register as an agent of a foreign power with the Justice Department, was a result of which public relations pioneer's contacts with Nazi Germany?

Ivy Lee

"A sucker is born every minute" was the public relations philosophy of what legendary PR practitioner?

P.T. Barnum

Who are digital natives?

People who have never known the world without an Internet.

________, outright lying or obfuscation, is antithetical to authentic communication and should be avoided by PR professionals, according to executive Roxanne Taylor.

Spin

Which of the following would now be considered a pseudo-event?

The Boston Tea Party

Founded in 1947, what is the principal professional group for today's public relations professionals?

The Public Relations Society of America

The first corporate public relations department was established in 1889 by

Westinghouse Electric

In 1896, presidential contenders William Jennings Bryan and _____________ both established campaign headquarters in Chicago, where they issued news releases, position papers, and pamphlets.

William McKinley

The need to ______ and the need for ______ are two major factors that motivate people to use social media

belong; self-presentation

Computers that reduce information to a code made up of the digits 1 and 0 for storage and manipulation are using a(n) _____________ code.

binary

The extended real-life hypothesis is the idea that most people use social media to

communicate their actual identities.

The American Academy of Pediatrics is concerned that the intensity of the online world experienced by preteens and teens who spend a great deal of time on social media sites can trigger Facebook

depression

Instances in which copyrighted material may be used without permission or payment are referred to as

fair use

Public relations professionals are referred to as ________, both inside and outside the media industries.

flacks

The first large-scale public relations effort in the United States was

intended to shape public opinion following the nation's entry into World War I.

The "network of networks", consisting of LANs (Local Area Networks—networks connecting two or more computers, usually within the same building) and WANs (Wide Area Networks—networks that connect several LANs in different locations), is called the

internet

When PR professionals directly interact with elected officials or government regulators and agents, they are engaging in

lobbying

PR professionals interact with the _____________ through press packets and briefings.

media

An event staged specifically to attract public attention is a

psuedo-event

Any group of people with a stake in an organization, issue, or idea is known as a

public

The public relations activity of getting media coverage for clients is called

publicity

What is the term for the lack of digital access among specific groups of Americans?

the digital divide

According to long-time New Yorker columnist A. J. Liebling, freedom of the press is guaranteed to

those who own the presses

The PR strategy that relies on targeting specific Internet users with a given communication and relying on them to spread the word is referred to as

viral marketing

What strategy relies on targeting specific Internet users with a given communication and relying on them to spread the word through communication channels?

viral marketing