Consciousness #2

3. Maritza is able to be hypnotized easily. She is able to place her arm in a bucket of ice water without showing any signs of pain or discomfort. When asked to give a signal if some part of her is aware of the pain, she raises her hand. Which of the following is a theory that best explains Maritza's behavior? (A) Dissociation (B) Age regression (C) Social influence (D) Role (E) State

(A) Dissociation

Paradoxical sleep is to slow-wave sleep as _________ sleep. sleep is to __________ (A) REM; Stage 3 (B) REM; Stage 1 (C) Stage 1; REM (D) REM; Stage 2 (E) Stage 2; REM

(A) REM; Stage 3

While Emily was hypnotized, her therapist recommended that she eat a specific healthy diet the next week. The therapist was making use of (A) Age regression (B) Post-hypnotic suggestion (C) Paradoxical sleep (D) Post-hypnotic amnesia (E) Psychoanalytic approach

(B) Post-hypnotic suggestion

Mona has been abusing cocaine and now suffers from an inability to feel pleasure. This condition is called (A) hypomania (B) anhedonia (C) affective neurosis (D) cyclothymia (E) orexin

(B) anhedonia

6. Whether a person can be hypnotized or not depends mainly on (A) the skill of the hypnotist (B) the willingness of the person to be hypnotized (C) the intelligence and logical reasoning abilities of the person to be hypnotized (D) how well the person and hypnotist can fake the "hypnosis" (E) the presence of a psychological disorder

(B) the willingness of the person to be hypnotized

4. Which of the following most accurately characterizes the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the regulation of sleep? (A) It responds to visual cues related to sleeping and waking. (B) It monitors levels of adenosine in the brain. (C) It acts with the endocrine system to control hunger and satiety. (D) It acts with the eyes and the pineal gland to regulate circadian rhythms (E) It inhibits the release of melatonin.

(D) It acts with the eyes and the pineal gland to regulate circadian rhythms

A person who drinks alcohol daily finds he needs to keep increasing his alcohol intake to get the same pleasure. He is experiencing (A) symptoms of withdrawal (B) state-dependent learning (C) delirium tremens (D) alcohol tolerance (E) fetal alcohol syndrome

(D) alcohol tolerance

Which of the following is true regarding REM sleep in healthy adults? (A) It involves a decrease in blood pressure and heart rate. (B) It occurs only in the first half of a person's sleep cycle. (C) It alternates with NREM sleep in thirty-minute cycles. (D) It correlates with an increase in muscle tone. (E) It correlates with dreaming

(E) It correlates with dreaming

9. Obesity is a risk factor for developing which of the following sleep disorders? (A) Sleep talking (B) Sleepwalking (C) Night terrors (D) Insomnia (E) Sleep apnea

(E) Sleep apnea

An office worker is concerned about constant sleepersuper doctor refe An ofthe clinic, where they discover her sleep is interrupted by gasping toeathe waking up, and falling back to sleep dozens of times each night. He doctor would likely diagnose her with (A) sleep paralysis (B) REM behavior disorder (C) narcolepsy (D) night terrors (E) sleep apnea

(E) sleep apnea

Which of the following would be classified as a depressant? A Benzodiazepines. B Amphetamines. C Marijuana. D Nicotine. E Methamphetamine

A Benzodiazepines

Under the influence of peer pressure, Jasper uses an unknown drug. At first, he feels very alert, happy, and energetic but within an hour he feels depressed. Jasper is MOST likely experiencing the effects of which drug? A Cocaine. B Alcohol. C Marijuana. D Heroin. E Opiates

A Cocaine.

Which of the following sleep disorders is characterized by recurring problems falling or staying asleep? A Insomnia. B Sleep apnea. C Narcolepsy. D Night terrors. E Somnambulism.

A Insomnia.

Claire is being treated at a local drug rehabilitation center. Her drug of choice causes euphoria and reduces inhibitions by increasing the serotonin levels in the brain and blocking reabsorption. While using the drug, her blood pressure increases, she is unable to sleep, and she has trouble remembering things. She has used the drug for several years and has been diagnosed with depression as a result. Before entering the drug rehabilitation center, Claire was MOST likely using which of the following? A MDMA (Ecstasy). B LSD. C Marijuana. D Cocaine. E Benzodiazepine

A MDMA (Ecstasy).

Six-year-old Albert's parents are awakened suddenly by shrieking sounds coming from his room. Upon entering his room, they find Albert sitting up in his bed and appearing terrified. He is sweating and pale, yet appears to be still be sleeping. In just a few moments, Albert turns over and quickly resumes his sleep. The next morning he has no recollection of the event from the night before. Albert MOST likely has which of the following? Elimination Tool Select one answer A Night terrors in Stages 3-4. B Night terrors in REM. C Nightmares in Stages 3-4. D Nightmares in REM. ENarcolepsy in REM.

A Night terrors in Stages 3-4.

Which of the following would indicate a user has built up a tolerance to a drug? A The user needs a larger amount than before in order to feel the drug's effect. B The user craves the drug less than before. C The user feels relaxed when under the influence of the drug. D The drug causes physical pain and discomfort. E The user's mood is altered.

A The user needs a larger amount than before in order to feel the drug's effect.

Martin is connected to an EEG and researchers are watching his brain waves to determine his sleep patterns. After being asleep for 25 minutes, the researchers note that Martin is in Stage 2 sleep. As Martin moves into the next stage of sleep, which type of brain waves can researchers expect to see? A Alpha waves. B Delta waves. C Sleep spindles. D K-complexes. E Theta waves.

B Delta waves.

Which of the following psychoactive drugs is classified as a depressant? A Cocaine. B Heroin. C Caffeine. D Nicotine. E Methamphetamine

B Heroin.

Dan's doctor has recommended that he participate in a sleep study to determine if he suffers from sleep apnea. As the technician monitors Dan's sleep for any irregularities, he indicates the movement from one stage to another by watching the EEG pattern. Which of the following patterns would MOST likely suggest that Dan is in stage 2 of the sleep cycle? A The presence of delta waves. B The presence of alpha waves. C A large number of sleep spindles. D The indication of rapid eye movement. E The presence of a hypnic jerk

B The presence of alpha waves.

REM sleep is also known as A sleep spindles. B paradoxical sleep. C delta waves. D deep sleep. E stage one.

B paradoxical sleep.

The change in energy level and attention an individual experiences throughout the day is largely due to A the amount of REM sleep they get each night. B the circadian rhythm they experience. C the number of carbohydrates consumed each day. D the amount of time spent in front of a computer each day. E there is no difference in energy level throughout the day.

B the circadian rhythm they experience.

The EEG recording labeled X above denotes which brainwave? A Theta. B Alpha. C Beta. D Delta. E K-complex

C Beta.

Which classification of drugs is used to help lessen pain and anxiety by reducing the neurotransmission of GABA or becoming endorphin agonists? A Stimulants. B Depressants. C Opiates. D Hallucinogens. E Sedatives.

C Opiates.

Which of the following statements BEST describes consciousness? A The understanding that an individual has learned a skill. B The ability to use top-down​ processing to interpret an event. C The awareness of one's self and the surrounding environment. D The dual processing ability of the two-track mind. E The use of working memory to input sensory information into the brain.

C The awareness of one's self and the surrounding environment.

Stimulant is to depressant as... a. cocaine is to alcohol b. mescaline is to barbituates c. caffeine is to amphetamines d. alcohol is to barbituates

a. cocaine is to alcohol

The activation-synthesis theory of dreaming contends that... a. dreams are simply by-products of neural activity b. dreams provide an outlet for socially undesirable impulses c. dreams represent an attempt to fulfill unconscious desires d. dreams are an attempt to solve daily problems

a. dreams are simply by-products of neural activity

Which of the following is responsible for regulating the circadian rhythm? a. exposure to light b. amount of time spent awake c. amount of time spent asleep d. amount of time spent in REM sleep

a. exposure to light

Which of the following carries the greatest risk of physical/psychological dependence? a. LSD b. Heroin c. Cocaine d. Marijuana

b. Heroin

A systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestibility is known as a. meditation b. hypnosis c. hypersomnia d. hallucinations

b. hypnosis

Freud would emphasize that dreams... a. help us solve problems b. serve no purpose c. allow us to act out unconscious desires d. rid our mind of useless information

c. allow us to act out unconscious desires

The brain structure that results in continuous sleep when severely damaged is the... a. pons b. medulla c. ascending reticular activation system d. hypothalamus

c. ascending reticular activation system

Mark is meditating by concentrating on a specific sound. Which style of meditation is he using? a. open monitoring b. hypnotic induction c. focused attention d. dissociation

c. focused attention

The dissociation theory of hypnosis suggests that... a. hypnosis is fake b. hypnotized people "play along" with hypnotists c. hypnosis works through multiple streams of consciousness b. None of the Above

c. hypnosis works through multiple streams of consciousness

The awareness of internal and external stimuli defines...

consciousness

Individuals with partial sleep deprivation or sleep restriction experience a. impaired coordination b. poor decision-making c. impaired attention d. All of the Above

d. All of the Above

Which of the following influences increase chances of substance abuse? a. biological b. social c. cultural d. All of the Above

d. All of the Above

Hypnosis owes its beginnings to the work of... a. Sigmund Freud b. Harry Houdini c. Ernest Hilgard d. Franz Mesmer

d. Franz Mesmer

Which of the following would most likely result in a fatal overdose? a. LSD b. mescaline c. marijuana d. sedatives

d. sedatives

Stage 2 sleep is noted by the appearance of... a. alpha waves b. vivid dreams c. delta waves d. sleep spindles

d. sleep spindles

What type of brain wave is most prevalent in deep, dreamless sleep?

delta

Some theorize that we need REM sleep because it contributes to...

firming up learning that took place that day

REM periods of sleep tend to ______ as the night goes on

lengthen

Snoring and lapses in breathing while sleeping are symptoms of..

sleep apnea

Which of the following BEST describes a normal pattern of sleep? A Soon after laying down, you reach REM sleep and remain there until you wake up the next morning. B You go through stages of sleep that progressively get deeper throughout the night until you wake up to your alarm clock the next morning. C You go through a series of sleep cycles throughout the night. Each cycle lasts approximately 90 minutes and as the night progresses, your time in REM sleep increases. The cycles each have periods of both light and deep sleep. D You go through several stages of sleep each night. Each stage lasts approximately 90 minutes and after your 90 minutes of REM sleep, you awake refreshed. E Sleep patterns vary each night. Some nights you sleep in deep Stages 3-4 of sleep, and other nights you remain in REM.

C You go through a series of sleep cycles throughout the night. Each cycle lasts approximately 90 minutes and as the night progresses, your time in REM sleep increases. The cycles each have periods of both light and deep sleep.

Matthew is suffering from a drug addiction. His drug of choice is a stimulant that blocks the reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. The chemicals remain in the synapse and act as agonists, which creates a dopamine dependency, increased self-confidence, and high levels of energy. When taking the drug, Matthew gets an immediate rush followed by an intense crash. Matthew quickly builds up a tolerance to the drug and requires more to get the same "high." Matthew is MOST likely addicted to which drug? Elimination Tool Select one answer A Nicotine. B Amphetamines. C Alcohol. D Cocaine. E Methamphetamine.

D Cocaine.

Through the use of electroencephalography (EEG), researchers have discovered four distinct frequency bands correlated with variations in brain activity. The presence of the four frequency bands and the correlation to brain activity BEST supports whose theory on consciousness? A Dorothea Dix. B William James. C Carl Jung. D Sigmund Freud. E Ernest Hilgard.

D Sigmund Freud.

John is a regular drinker. When he does not drink alcohol for an extended period​ he begins to feel nauseated and craves alcohol. Because of this unpleasant feeling, John chooses to drink and then the unpleasant feelings go away. What has happened to John? A He is experiencing alcohol withdrawals B He has a physical dependence on alcohol C He has developed an addiction to alcohol D All of the Above E None of the Above

D All of the Above

Which of the following dreams would BEST support the activation-synthesis theory of dreams? A Johnny and Sean have been close friends for years. However, Sean recently joined a new team and is too busy to hang out with Johnny. Last night Johnny had a horrible nightmare. In his nightmare, he remembers his friend Sean getting severely injured in a traffic accident. The next day, Johnny sees that Sean is fine, but he is still troubled by the very realistic nightmare concerning his friend's traffic accident. D Julianna had a very unusual dream last night. One minute she was on the beach in her swimsuit. It was a balmy 90 degrees outside, and she was enjoying getting a tan and talking to friends. Without any warning, she remembers being transformed to a ski lift in Colorado where her youth group visited last winter. The very unusual thing about her dream was she was still in her swimsuit from the beach.

D Julianna had a very unusual dream last night. One minute she was on the beach in her swimsuit. It was a balmy 90 degrees outside, and she was enjoying getting a tan and talking to friends. Without any warning, she remembers being transformed to a ski lift in Colorado where her youth group visited last winter. The very unusual thing about her dream was she was still in her swimsuit from the beach.

Which part of an individual's consciousness involves their habits and what some believe is the ability to multitask? A Unconscious. B Preconscious. C Nonconscious. D Subconscious. E Conscious.

D Subconscious.

Someone under the influence of alcohol is MOST likely to experience A insomnia. B an increase in energy. C permanent reduction in dopamine production. D decreased inhibition. E paranoia.

D decreased inhibition.

A drug that is an antagonist for the neurotransmitter serotonin is MOST likely to Elimination Tool Select one answer A depress mood. B cause forgetfulness. C cause seizures. D cause headaches. E limit muscle control

E limit muscle control