Construction Management Final
Agency CM-
a construction management project delivery option in which the construction manager acts in the owner's best interests at every stage of the project, from design through construction. The construction manager offers advice and project management services to the owner but is not financially responsible for the construction
Cost control-
a continuous monitoring process used to track the variances between actual performance and planned performance on a project, specifically concerning cost and time.
Guaranteed Maximum Price (GMP)-
a contract methodology in which the contractor is reimbursed for actual costs of materials, labor, equipment, sub- contracts, overhead, and profit up to a maximum fixed-price amount. Any costs over the maximum price shall be borne by the contractor. Any savings below the maximum price will revert to the owner. This type of contract is often implemented when design is less than 100 percent complete.
Multiple prime-
a contracting methodology in which the owner bypasses the use of a general con- tractor and enters into multiple separate contracts with trade or specialty contractors for the various sections of the work associated with the project, such as concrete, framing, mechanical, and electrical work. Each of the specialty contractors involved becomes a prime contractor on the project.
Liquidated damages-
a daily amount of money paid by the contractor to the owner for each day that the project fails to meet the completion date specified in the contract. Not all contracts contain a liquidated damages clause.
Laydown area-
a designated area on the building site where large orders can be stored and sorted in an organized manner so that the parts can be easily identified for use on the project.
Building information modeling (BMI)-
a digital representation of the physical and functional characteristics of a building displayed as a 3D model with the added capability to integrate a whole array of design and construction data related to cost, schedule, materials, assembly, maintenance, energy use, and more.
Request for qualifications (RFQ)-
a document issued by the owner prior to an RFP to solicit con- tractor or design-builder qualifications. The RFQ may be used by the owner to shortlist potential pro- posers, or it may be used by itself as the final competitive submittal employed in qualifications-based selection.
Precedence diagram-
a graphic presentation of a schedule depicting project activities on a node with an arrow that depicts the dependencies that exist between the activities.
Query list-
a list of questions and needed clarifications compiled by an estimator as he or she reviews the plans and specs during the estimating process.
Invitation for bids-
a notification sent to a selected list of contractors, furnishing information on the submission of bids on a private project.
Fast tracking-
a practice utilized to speed up a job by overlapping the design phase and the construction phase of a project. This is often applied in design- build or construction management project delivery.
Commissioning-
a process of testing and checking all equipment and systems within the facility at the end of a project to assure proper functioning and operation. It may also include the training of owner personnel in the operation and maintenance of the equipment.
Clash detection-
a process that utilizes a BIM 3D model to analyze interferences in the design by resolving conflicts among the various material and structural systems.
Design bid build-
a project delivery method in which the owner holds two separate contracts for design and construction. This method is often referred to as the traditional project delivery method.
Design build-
a project delivery method in which there is only one contract between the owner and a design-build entity. The design-builder is responsible for both the design and the construction of the project. This method is often referred to as single- source project delivery.
At-risk CM-
a project delivery option where the construction manager serves as a consultant to the owner in the development and design phases of the project and then as the general contractor during the construction phase.
Advertisement for bids-
a public notice, usually published in newspapers, trade magazines, and journals, providing information regarding bidding procedures for public projects.
Quality assurance
a quality management approach that addresses quality at the process level.
Total Quality Management
a recognized quality control and quality assurance program based on continuous quality improvement practices
Field observation report
a report used to track questionable quality and safety performance on the job site.
Integrated project delivery (IPD)-
any project delivery method that contractually engages the contractor responsible for constructing the project at the beginning of the design process. Both design- build and at-risk CM are considered IPD models.
Best value-
any selection process where proposals contain both price and qualitative components and where the award is based upon a combination of price and qualitative considerations.
What is low bidder announced at bid opening?
apparent low bidder
Advertisement or invitation for bids
appears at the beginning of the project manual and describes how the contractor can get the work
What is the instrument that contractors submit to owners monthly to get paid for work completed?
application for payment
For mediation, mini-trial, and arbitration; which has (have) binding resolution?
arbitration
What process involves a neutral third party to preside over the proceedings where each party is represented by an attorney, witnesses are called, and exhibits and evidence are presented?
arbitration
Which dispute resolution method discussed in your text is the most costly and time consuming?
arbitration
Who certifies final completion of the project?
architect
Who typically deals with the function, like safety issues, and aesthetics of the building?
architect
Cost code-
areference number used to track cost and schedule information on materials, labor, sub- contracts, equipment, overhead, and fees through- out the project control process.
The purpose of ____________ is to identify any changes or adjustments made to the conditions and dimensions of the work relative to the original plans and specifications.
as built drawings
A contractor must decide whether or not to pursue certain jobs. Which factor would influence a contractor to pursue a project under these conditions: The project is in a particular area where an increased presence is part of the strategic plan. a. present workload b. project location c. project's architect d. size of project
b
Preliminary estimate
based on preliminary drawings
The procurement stage is also known as:
bidding stage
BIM stands for:
building information modeling
What is a written statement that identifies and describes an owner's needs and requirement for a facility?
building program or program
During project closeout, minor adjustments, repairs and work items that must be done before substantial completion are part of: a. commissioning b. final completion c. punch list d. certificate of occupancy
c
In which architectural period was the first recognized building penal code (legal code) written? a. industrial revolution b. Middle ages c. Egypt and the pyramids d. The renaissance e. greek influence
c
The choice by the owner to use Agency CM is based on which: a. qualifications and price b. price only c. qualifications only
c
The choice to use a Design-Bid-Build delivery method is based on which of the following? a. qualifications only b. qualifications and price c. price only
c
Which of the following are NOT part of a job site plan? a. materials storage/lay down area b. crane location c. field reports d. traffic controls and signage
c
Which of the following are examples of primary players for any construction project? a. architects and material suppliers b. owner and subcontractors c. contractors and architects d. contractors and CM academic programs
c
Which of the following is a primary component of a comprehensive safety and health program? a. drug test b. health signs c. hazard prevention and control d. QTO
c
What is a request from an owner that a contractor return to the job site to correct or redo some item of work?
callback
The point at which all punch list work has been completed and the owner can occupy or take possession of the new facility
certificate of occupancy
What allows owner to move into building?
certificate of occupancy
What is requesting an upgrade in flooring material in a lobby?
change in scope
What is a written request from the owner to change the scope of the project?
change order
What is the mechanism used to instigate changes to the contract documents during construction?
change order
___________ is a change to the contract documents after the contract is awarded.
change order
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
the federal agency responsible for establishing safety standards for construction and all other industries in the United States. The agency also has the authority to enforce those standards through rigorous inspections at the job site and to issue citations to and assess fines against any contractor or subcontractor for violating these standards
Submittals-
data, samples, details, colors, and product literature required by the terms of the con- tract to be presented to the architect by the contrac- tor for approval prior to ordering and installation.
Latent design defect-
defects or flaws in design details that are not known until after the construction is complete and time has passed, allowing for the flaw or defect to show itself.
Project ______________ is a comprehensive process by which a building, facility, or structure is designed and constructed.
delivery
Scope sheet-
describes the items of work to be performed under a particular trade heading. It often accompanies a subcontractor's bid or a request for quotation.
Full service design build firm
design and construction professionals work for the same firm, under one roof
DB stands for:
design build
What is delivery method in which there is only one contract?
design build
DD stands for:
design development
Mechanical engineer
design of heating, cooling and plumbing systems
Civil engineer
design of roads, bridges, site drainage, and sewage systems
Landscape architet
design of sidewalks, retaining walls, and water features
Structural engineer
design of the support
Who is responsible for ensuring that the design meets all building codes?
design team
Work package-
detailed items of work bundled together under a particular trade. This is also called a bid package.
What do RFIs primarily stem from?
details of the design
Forward pass
determines the early start, early finish and overall project duration. NOTE: ES + D = EF
Backward pass
determines the late start and the late finish date. NOTE: LF - D = LS
What are materials, labor, equipment and subcontract costs?
direct cost
First level
directly connected to primary players via subcontracts. Primarily independent operators, not under immediate control or primary players
The division associated with furnishings is:
division 12
Division 8
doors and windows
In general, the main two components of the CDs include:
drawings and project manual
What is the process of identifying problems or areas of concern that exist with a project so that information can be factored into the decision making process during the pre-construction phase?
due diligence
Final documentation includes which of the following: a. warranties b. operation manuals c. inspection and testing reports d. as built drawings e. all the above
e
What is a technique used in construction to determine the estimated value of work completed to date?
earned value analysis
Division 16
electrical
ENR stands for:
engineering new records
Which industry sector is comprised of projects that maintain public health and contribute to a community's quality of life while improving the environment?
environmental
Which industry sector is responsible for the redevelopment of brownfield sites?
environmental
Storm water pollution caused by your crews or subcontractors is what type of risk?
environmental risks
Division 11
equipment
What tracking tool is used to track the management element "cost"?
estimate
Elevation drawings
exterior view on one side - Depicts what the building would look like when standing from the outside and looking at the building - A separate elevation will be included for all four sides of a building
There are multiple professional associations in the construction industry. Which of the following is not a professional organization? a. AGC b. ABC c. NAWIC d. NAHB e. USGBC f. AOC
f
Critical path-
the longest path through a network diagram schedule, which includes those activities that have zero days of float. The critical path deter- mines the overall project duration.
Network logic-
the order in which activities are sequenced in the network diagram relative to their interdependent relationships
Who sets the stage for how the construction game is to be played?
the owner
Dry shacks-
facilities that may be constructed on- site or brought in as modular units equipped with tables and storage lockers. They provide a dry place for workers to eat their lunch and change their clothes. Union agreements often require that the contractor provide a dry shack on-site.
Where does information come from for identifying variance between actual performance and expected?
field data ex: daily field reports, time cards, job logs etc.
FOR stands for:
field observation report
Division 9
finishes
Why is the code of hammurabi important to construction?
first known recorded building legal/penal code
What are periodic predictions stated in reports as to the final cost and schedule outcomes on a project while the work is still going?
forecasts
Which building element typically includes the following work: excavation, slab on grade, and other types of foundations?
foundations
Division 12
furnishings
GC stands for:
general contractor
What is a contractor that self performs very little work?
general contractor
What is the section the provides fundamental definitions for the contract, the work, and the drawings and specifications?
general provisions
Division 1
general requirements
GPS stands for:
global positioning systems
GMP stands for:
guaranteed maximum price
In regards to construction contracts, GMP stands for:
guaranteed maximum price
Horizontal construction is known as?
heavy civil construction
Plan drawings
horizontal cut
Detailed estimates
identifying the actual quantity of material, equipment, labor, supervision
Third level
impact is on industry
Quantity surveyors-
individuals who are responsible for counting up and calculating all of the quantities of materials, labor, and equipment necessary to build a construction project.
In which industry sector are engineers often the lead designers?
industrial
Material Safety Data Sheet
information documenting pertinent chemical information on various products used in construction
What are roadways, bridges, and railroad networks that support a community or society?
infrastructure
Preparatory inspection
inspections that are designed to check progress and make sure everything is ready for the next stage of construction.
Preparatory inspection-
inspections, sometimes called pre-inspections, that are designed to check progress and make sure that everything is ready for the next stage of construction.
IPD stands for:
integrated project delivery
What will fundamentally impact how well construction proceeds?
job site layout
Which of the following is a basic configuration for a design-build entity?
joint venture
Base isolators-
large shock absorbers typically made of alternating layers of rubber and steel (or lead) attached to a building's foundation to allow movement of the structure without causing damage.
Defects or flaws in design details that are not known until after the construction is complete.
latent design defect
LEED stands for:
leadership in energy and environmental design
_________ principles focus on creating more value for customers with less work and the elimination of waste.
lean
This contractual clause allows owners to impose a financial penalty as a result of the contractor's failure to meet a specific completion date on a project:
liquidated damages
What is the critical path?
longest path through (or overall duration) in a network diagram
Construction risk
management of materials, manpower, and equipment
Division 4
masonry
An individual responsible for the design, engineering, and construction of a project is known as?
master builder
Who is the largest publisher of construction cost information in the United States?
master format
What is an information sheet documenting pertinent chemical information on various products used in construction?
material safety data sheet (msds)
Division 15
mechanical
Who is responsible for design of heating, cooling and plumbing system?
mechanical engineers
What is the process when an impartial third party facilitates the negotiation between the disputing parties?
mediation
How is quality defined in construction?
meeting or exceeding the requirements established in the design documents (plans and specs)
Division 5
metals
In which period in the construction history the craft training and education through the organization of craft guilds became common?
middle ages
What is the informal private process that combines aspects of both mediation and litigation?
mini trial
What is the process of getting the project ready to start construction called?
mobilization
Shortlisting-
narrowing the field of offers through the selection of the most qualified proposers on the basis of qualifications.
Second level
no contractual connection to primary players. Significant influence on project outcomes
What is a bid that does not acknowledge nor include all addendums?
nonresponsive
What document marks the official beginning of the project?
notice to proceed
Mobilization is all about setting up and getting ready to start construction. Which one of the following activities is not part of the mobilization process?
obtain the certificate of occupancy
OSHA stands for:
occupational safety and health administration
Schematic design
overall design concept that illustrates key ideas of the design solution.
Who determines which project delivery method will be used in a construction contract?
owner
Who determines which type of contract will be used on a project?
owner
Who is central to every project?
owner
What is the team building technique focused on building cooperative relationships between the owner, design team, and the construction team?
partnering
_____________ is a team-building technique, calling upon the parties to the construction contract to establish a common set of project goals and objectives and develop a mutually acceptable protocol for communication and conflict resolution through a formal agreement:
partnering
forecasts
periodic predictions stated in reports as to the final cost and schedule out comes on a project while the work is still going
Forecasts-
periodic predictions stated in reports as to the final cost and schedule outcomes on a project while the work is still ongoing.
Mock up -
physical models or small samples constructed to allow the architect and owner to review the appearance and function of materials, colors, textures, and other aesthetic features before incorporating them into the actual project.
Design risk
poor quality or inadequate design (scope gaps)
When are subcontractors and vendors provided information about the schedule?
pre construction meeting
What is another name for the activity on node network diagram?
precedence diagram
What is the initial meeting where lines of authority and communication are clarified?
preconstruction conference
Civil drawings
prepared by a civil engineer. Describes all work associated with the site
Mechanical drawings
prepared by a mechanical engineer. Two major components: plumbing , heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC)
Structural drawings
prepared by a structural engineer. Identifies major components making up the structural frame
Electrical drawings
prepared by an electrical engineer. Includes all rough wiring, transformers, and panel boxes, as well as receptacles, switches and lighting fixtures
Architectural drawings
prepared by the architect. Describes overall aesthetics of the facility, including project size, shape and appearance
This process is used to 'weed out' those contractors who are not qualified to bid the project in question.
prequalification
What type of players are the "owner, designers, contractor"?
primary players
Lean principles-
principles that stem from the Toyota Production System (TPS) and focus on creating more value for customers with less work and the elimination of waste. These principles are now being applied to the construction industry.
Project delivery
process by which all of the procedures and components of designing and building a facility are organized and put together in an agreement that results in a completed project.
What is the step in the design phase when the financial feasibility of the project is first evaluated?
programming anf feasibility
The final step in the construction process?
project closeout
PM stands for:
project manager
Which member of the project team moves back and forth between the construction site and the home office?
project manager
Which team member moves back and forth between the jobsite and the office?
project manager
Who is responsible for the overall safety of workers on the job and all the equipment and materials?
project managers and superintendents
What are bidding documents, agreement, general conditions, supplementary conditions, technical specifications
project manual
Brownfield sites-
properties that are abandoned or underused because of historic environmental contamination.
Creators of the aesthetic solution
provide all of the material, labor equipment, and services necessary for the construction project
Instructions to bidders
provides specific instructions regarding the bidding process, and includes:
Contract idemnification-
provisions in a contract that provide protection against possible financial loss, damage, or liability.
PPP stands for:
public-private partnership
List of items that need to be completed or repaired
punch list
The _____________ is prepared jointly by the owner, architect, and contractor documenting minor adjustments, repairs, and work items that must be done before substantial completion can be achieved.
punch list
PO stands for:
purchase order
What is the agreement between a vendor and a customer for the provision of certain products that meet a particular specification for a specified price?
purchase order
QA stands for:
quality assurance
What is a management approach that addresses quality at the process level and deals with policies and procedures associated with hiring, training, safety etc?
quality assurance
QC stands for:
quality control
Quality control
quality management approach that addresses quality at the project level and deals with conformance to the plans and specs through submittals, mock-ups, shop drawings, inspections, and testing.
As-built drawing-
record drawings completed by the contractor and turned over to the owner at the end of the project identifying any changes or adjustments made to the conditions and dimensions of the work relative to the original plans and specifications.
RFI stands for:
request for information
What is the formal construction document used for askinf questions?
request for information (rfi)
REP stands for:
request for proposal
RFQ stands for:
request for qualifications
Change order-
requests made by the owner to add or subtract features to the scope of the project resulting in changes to the contract.
Which sector of the construction industry requires the broadest range of knowledge for a contractor to be successful?
residential
A certain percentage of the money owed to the contractor for work progress that is held back by the owner to encourage completion of the project.
retainage
What is the amount of money that is commonly withheld from each payment?
retainage
What is defective construction work that must be redone or corrected?
rework
You determine that the contract is inherently too risky, and decide not to enter into a contract with an owner. This is what type of risk strategy?
risk avoidance
When was concrete first used?
roman empire
Conceptual estimates
rough oder of magnitude
ROM stands for:
rough order of magnitude
Who is responsible for the day to day management of the safety plan?
safety manager
What is a look ahead schedule and how is it used?
schedule developed by supers and trade foremen to coordinate the work and activities over a relatively short period of time
What is the document used by the contractor to summarize the total project cost by the various divisions of work?
schedule of values
`The budget template established early in the project against which progress payments are measured, and which summarizes the total project cost by various divisions of work:
schedule of values
With the use of BIM, which is considered the fourth dimension?
scheduling and sequencing
What are the parameters defining the overall extent of work to be included in a construction contract. The project scope is commonly communicated through construction plans and written specifications?
scope of work
What type of players are subcontractors, material suppliers, and equipment vendors?
secondary players
What are vertical "cuts" through a building?
section view
What is the construction work that is preformed with the general contractor's own crews called?
self preformed work
The Industrial Revolution
separation of architecture, engineering and building into separate professions.
What are the drawings that include details, dimensions, and configurations of items to be fabricated specifically for a particular construction project?
shop drawings
_________________ are supplemental drawings to the plans and specifications that details fabrication methods, materials, and models of a product or installation associated with the project.
shop drawings
What is narrowing of the field of competitors
shortlisting
Division 2
site construction
With BIM, the superintendent and project management can study the site logistics. This process is what type of benefit?
site planning and utilization
Special purpose schedule
Ex: Delivery schedules, submittal schedules, inspections - Use: to track activities that support the work
Division 13
special construction
Division 10
specialities
What are written instructions from an architect or engineer accompanying the project plans?
specifications
SWPPP stands for:
storm water pollution prevention plans
Network diagram
structural tool that combines activity relationships and activity durations to best determine the right schedule for the project
What agreement is used to purchase labor and possibly materials?
subcontract
What process provides a means by which the architect and owner can confirm the intent of the design?
submittals
This date, or event, officially marks the end of the project and the beginning of the warranty period. Punch Out
substantial completion
What is the point at which all punch list work has been completed and the owner releases final payment less retainage to the contractor?
substantial completion
In which section of the project manual would you find information specific to a soils report?
supplemental conditions
What is purpose design solution?
technical proposal
What is arranged using the CSI MasterFormat?
technical specifications (aka. standard divisions)
Float-
the amount of leeway available to start or complete an individual schedule activity before it affects the planned project completion.
Float
the amount of time an activity's start can be delayed before it impacts the projects completion as planned. - determined after the forward AND backward passes are complete. NOTE: LF - EF = Float (or LS - ES = Float)NOTE: if these two calculations result in different answers, you have an error.
Lead time-
the amount of time it takes for a prod- uct or equipment to be delivered to the job site. Products that have a long delivery time are called long-lead-time items and require special planning considerations.
Infastructure-
the basic roadways, bridges, and rail- road networks that support a community or society.
Interoperability-
the capability of a system or program to interact with other systems or programs without access or implementation limitations or restrictions.
Central repository approach-
the concept that all project information can be loaded into one data- base to create a single building information model.
Distributed repository approach-
the concept that the BIM consists of a collection of separate databases maintained within distinct programs that can communicate in a way that allows them to exchange at least some of their data.
Variance
the cost or time differences between the actual project performance and the planned project performance
Contract documents-
the drawings, conditions, terms, and specifications setting forth the requirements for constructing the project.
Notice to proceed-
the owner's official notification to the contractor to start work on the project. The contractor may or may not begin on the exact day of the notice but is authorized to proceed in whatever manner deemed appropriate.
Technical proposal-
the part of a design-build proposal that contains the conceptual design for the project. It may also include information regarding schedule, team makeup, and overall management
What contract balances risk between the owner and the contractor?
GMP
Price proposal-
the part of a design-build proposal that stipulates the price at which the design- builder will provide the design and construction services necessary to complete the project.
Construction management-
the planning, scheduling, evaluation, and controlling of construction tasks and activities to accomplish specific objectives outlined in the contract documents.
In what time period was the concept of a theoretical architect developed?
the renaissance
Architectural programming-
the research and decision-making process initiated by an owner, usually with the help of an architect or other pro- gramming specialist, that identifies the basic needs of the client and the parameters of the project to be designed and ultimately built by a construction pro- fessional.
The Renaissance
theoretical architect. Started move away from Master Builder.
Division 7
thermal and moisture protection
Procurement stage
this is the buyout stage
Design stage
this is when architects and engineers develop ideas into comprehensible plans and specifications
Construction stage
this phase includes mobilization, creating staging and layout plans, and managing construction operations
Post construction stage
this phase involves project closeout and owner move in
How does the owner generally pay for construction?
through a series of monthly payments
What is a change order that changes the completion date?
time extension request
What is the main premise behind partnering?
to avoid dispute resolution at the dent of the project?
Crashing the schedule-
to take steps that accelerate activities in the schedule, resulting in an earlier
Crashing the schedule
to take steps that accelerate activities in the schedule, resulting in an earlier completion date
Designer and contractor partnership
two firms decide to work together on a particular project. One of them is at risk for the project and enters into a contract with the owner. - no legal entity is created
Unforeseen conditions-
unknown physical conditions at the site that were not anticipated by the owner or the contractor.
Closed bid-
used with private projects and is not open to the public. Bidding is by invitation only, via an invitation for bids, to a selected list of contractors.
Ancient Times
using readily available materials to construct simple structures for protection from environment
Escalation clause-
usually negotiated into the construction contract when there is suspicion that some pricing component of the estimate is in a high state of flux. The clause allows for some fluctuation in the contract price based upon the current pricing of the suspected component.
What is the process of identifying the best solution relative to cost?
value engineering
Section drawings
vertical cut - Provides a deeper understanding of the design at certain key spots of the building - they are drawn very large
Tailgate Safety Meetings
weekly safety meetings held at the job site and usually conducted by the superintendent. They're also called toolbox safety meetings
What is method used in best value selection to assess quantitative and price components of a proposal?
weighted criteria
What is the process in which the architect sends the documents to the building department to determine if the plans follow code?
Plan check
Joint venture
when two or more construction companies enter into an agreement for a one-time, single-project commitment and share resources and risks to manage and build the project.
__________ acts as a verbal confirmation of an order that has been placed prior to the date it is actually due for delivery.
will call
Division 6
wood and plastics
WBS stands for:
work breakdown structure
What are final drawings used for the construction
working drawings or contract documents
T/F The Brooks Act (1972) requires that qualifications-based selection be used by federal design and construction agencies to purchase architecture and engineering services. Price quotations are not a part of the consideration.
T
T/F The first 12 divisions of the CSI master format are the same from 1995 to 2004.
T
T/F Throughout the design process, plans are submitted to the appropriate planning, zoning, and building authorities for plan checks and compliance reviews.
T
T/F Under the GMP contract, the owner is protected from cost overruns by the contractor.
T
T/F Unit-Price contracts are typical with many heavy civil or highway-type projects.
T
T/F Using BIM models for Design Assistance and Constructability Review has advanced the collaboration between designers and builders and has improved the process of design-build contracting.
T
T/F With open bidding, the owner cannot restrict the number of contractors who will participate in the competition, and they must allow all comers, even if the contractor's technical or financial capabilities are questionable.
T
short-interval schedules
2-4 week intervals - Often hand drawn, distributed to specific trades involved - Use: to coordinate activities and workflow
How long is the typical construction billing cycle?
30 days
cost code
A reference number used to track cost and schedule information on materials, labor, subcontracts, equipment, overhead, and fees throughout the project control process.
Field observation report (FOR)
A report used to track questionable quality and safety performance on the job site.
Request for proposal-
A solicitation document, written by the owner, requesting pricing and a technical solution for design and/or construction
Earned value analysis
A technique used in construction to determine the estimated value (earned value) of work completed to date on a project and compare that to the actual work completed on the project.
Takeoff-
A term commonly used in the construction industry to describe the process of measuring the plans to quantify materials, labor, and equipment.
Program-
A written statement that identifies and describes an owner or end user's needs and requirements for a facility. Every design starts with a program.
Construction contract
An agreement between the owner and contractor and is enforceable by law.
At-risk CM
(owner, designer, CM/GC) - entails commitment by the CM to deliver the project with a guaranteed maximum price - CM is a consultant during design, does the work of a GC during construction phase
Quality Assurance
A quality management approach that addresses quality at the process level and deals with policies and procedures associated with hiring, training, safety, subcontracting, and procurement.
Quality control
A quality management approach that addresses quality at the project level and deals with conformance to the plans and specs through submittals, mock-ups, shop drawings, inspections, and testing.
What are two critical functions of the feedback loop?
1. used to detect variances between the actual cost, time, productivity performance and the planned estimate and schedule 2. develop the historical estimating databases and productivity factors used on future projects
Identify at least 3 factors that can negatively impact construction productivity?
1. weather 2. crowded work area 3. poor subcontractor coordination etc
What are the steps in the payment process identified in your textbook?
1. work completed 2. bills from subs and vendors 3. application for payment 4. payment received from owner 5. payments made to subs and vendors
Design bid build
(owner, designer, contractor) - all communication between architect and builder goes thru the owner - owner is responsible if there are any gaps between the plans and specs and the owner's requirement or any errors and omissions in the design, the owner is responsible for paying for the corrections
Design build
(owner, designer-builder) - there is one contract between the owner and the design build team - allows for fast tracking
What are the six dials of project value?
- cost - time - quality - safety - scope - function
Gantt charts
- each activity is represented by a horizontal bar on a chart - activities are listed in chronological order by start date - simplest form of scheduling (very intuitive) - easy for field personnel to understand
What are three reasons why quality management in construction is so unique?
- expose to weather - each site is unique etc
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
an information sheet which provides specific information on handling and disposing of chemicals safely
Political, legal, regulatory risk
- least amount of contractor control - changes in legislation, regulations, building codes, permitting procedures can happen at any time
Quality assurance (QA)
- long range view - address quality at the process level - deals with policies and procedures associated with hiring, training, safety, subcontracting and procurement.
Which activities are associated with the function of a construction manager?
- monitoring project performance - planning and scheduling the project - estimating the project - managing project safety
Lumo sum contract
- most common type - contractor agrees to complete the work for a single, lump-sum fee
Arbitration
- neutral 3rd party - attorney - binding
Mini trial
- neutral 3rd party - attorney - non binding
Mediation
- neutral 3rd party - no attorney - non biding
Guaranteed maximum price contract
- owner pays cost plus fee but only up to the GMP - Allows construction to start earlier since a price can be guaranteed before the plans are 100% complete
Triple Bottom Line
- people - planet - profit
Quality control (QC)
- project level - implemented on the job site - conformance to plans and specs
Traditional Construction 3 legged stool
- safety - time - quality - cost
The decision by the owner to determine a delivery method is often influenced by which variables:
- the point at which the contractor gets involved - the relationship and roles of each party to the contract - the ability to overlap activities, or fast track the project
Claim-
an issue that occurs during construction and remains unresolved after the job is complete.
The decision by the owner to determine a delivery method is often influenced by which variables: Select all that apply
- the relationship and roles of each party to the contract - the ability to overlap activities, or fast-track the project - the point at which the contractor gets involved
What are some examples of factors that can impact project performance?
- weather - workforce training - change order etc
What are the two reasons why change orders may be initiated?
1. to correct design error or omissions 2. add or modify scope
Detail drawings
"blown up" drawing to show more detail
Agency CM
( owner, designer, contractor, CM advisor) - A fee based service, CM is responsible to the owner, offers objective advice
Which of the following sectors are considered part of the "five basic sectors" of the construction industry?
- Heavy Civil Construction - Residential Building - Commercial Building - Environmental - Industrial
Cost plus fee contract
- also referred as a time and material contract - The owner reimburses the contractor for the labor and material costs of the project plus a fixed fee or percentage of the cost - Significant risks to the owner while it guarantees the contractor a profit
What are the four fundaments project control questions?
1. How is the project doing overall? 2. What sections of work appear most vulnerable? 3. Is overall productivity improvising or declining? 4. What is the project completion date and budget outcome?
Owners are the driving force behind the construction industry because of their needs and demands. Which of the following are primary duties of the owner of a construction project?
1. Providing the funding for the project and making periodic payments to the designers and the contractor. 2. Developing the program and outlining the needs and requirements of the end users.
What are two common types of schedules used in construction?
1. bar chart (Gantt chart) 2. network diagrams
What are the 3 primary objectives of a quality plan?
1. doing things right the first time 2. preventing things from going wrong 3. continually improving the process
Construction documents consist of:
1. drawings (plans) discuss the quantity of the work 2. project manuals (specs) discuss the quality of the work
What are OSHA's Focus 4 (4 main causes of death in construction)?
1. falls 2. caught in between 3. struck by 4. electrical shock/ electrocution
What are the 3 scheduling calculations that you must perform in order to determine the project duration and the critical path?
1. forward pass 2. backward pass 3. float calculations
What items of information should be shown on a site logistics plan?
1. location of field office 2. temporary utilities 3. storage trailers etc.
What are the four primary components of a safety management plan?
1. management commitment 2. job site analysis 3. hazard prevention and control 4. safety and health training
What are the three components of the construction stage?
1. mobilization 2. staging and layout plans 3. construction operations
What are three corrective actions that can be used to accelerate construction activities?
1. overtime 2. increase crew size 3. added shifts
What are the four reasons why an activity may be over on cost?
1. poor quality takeoff 2. poor quality plans 3. excessive waste 4. change orders
What are the 3 different types of activities that are included in a typical schedule?
1. production activities 2. procurement activities 3. administrative activities
What are the steps in the design process?
1. programming and feasibility 2. schematic 3. design development 4. contract documents `
What are three fundamental rules that should be followed when scheduling subcontractors for a job?
1. resist bringing subcontractors onto the job until you are 100% ready 2. make sure they have everything they need to proceed 3. pay all subcontractors promptly upon completion of their work
What are the four documents that establish the road map for a project?
1. specs 2. plans 3. estimate 4. schedule
What are three issues that superintendent must be concerned with when trying to manage construction operations?
1. subcontractor coordination 2. material and equipment deliveries 3. productivity
What is a will call order?
A confirmation of an order that has been placed prior to the date it is actually due for delivery.
cost control
A continuous monitoring process used to track the variances between actual performance and planned performance on a project, specifically concerning cost and time.
Constructability Reviews-
A design review process in which experienced contractors and construction managers work with designers to ensure that the details of the design actually can be built in an efficient and cost-effective manner. The process entails review of materials, application, installation techniques, field execution, and building systems.
Mini Schedules
Any portion of summary or detailed schedule - Use: provide added detail for discussion
What contains information regarding bidding documents for public projects?
Bid solicitation or advertisement for bid
BMI stands for:
Building information model
What delivery methods use BVS?
CM at risk
The Middle Ages
Catholic church built numerous churches and cathedrals; development of craft guilds for craft training and education
The Roman Empire
Concrete, domes and arches, glass, road construction
In the construction industry, the acronym CSI stands for:
Construction specification institute
Construction management, as a profession, requires a diverse set of skills. Which of the following is NOT normally a job function of a construction manager?
Development of final building plans, construction details, and specifications.
T/ F In a full-service design-build firm, the design professionals and the construction professionals may work for two entities, but are considered a single entity for the extent of a single project.
F
T/F A bid bond is an insurance policy to protect the bidder in case of being an extremely low bid.
F
T/F A design-build delivery method that contracts the designer and builder under one contract, will typically use the Lump-Sum contract type.
F
T/F A responsive bid is defined by the qualifications of the contractor.
F
T/F General speaking, integrated project delivery is any form of project delivery that brings the contractor on board as part of the team at the onset of the design process.
F
T/F Private projects are funded by public funding sources such as tax revenue and bonds.
F
T/F Project diaries are used to track all of the day's events in a summarized fashion by noting work activities, conversations, observations, and any other info worth recording. These diaries are NOT permissible in courts as evidence of actual events and conversations.
F
T/F The Contractor is responsible for obtaining project funding and defining the building program.
F
T/F Under the Cost-Plus Fee contract, the owner is protected from cost overruns by the contractor.
F
T/F In construction it is acceptable to proceed with extra work as long as a verbal approval has been received from the owner
F always wait for written order from architect or the owner
What provides a unique opportunity for construction professionals to participate in the design stage in a proactive fashion?
IPD (integrated project delivery)
Preparatory inspection
Inspections, sometimes called preinspections are designed to check progress and make sure everything is ready for the next stage of construction
____________ project delivery is one that integrates people, systems, business structures, and practices into a process that collaboratively harnesses the talents and insights of all participants to optimize project results.
Integrated project delivery
Egypt and the Pyramids
Master Builder Defined (one person skilled in architecture, engineering, and construction) and first know building code (Code of Hammurabi)
Greek Influence
Master Craftsman (the honing of a particular building skill to a level of expertise)
What is the federal agency responsible for establishing safety standards for construction?
OSHA
What is the name of the Agency responsible for establishing safety standards and enforcing them?
Occupational safety and health administration
What is the process used to ask and answer questions related to construction documents?
RFI
What are the two process tools that are used to track all the inquires, decisions and approvals that occur during the construction process?
RFI (request for information) and submittals
T/F It is important to gather field data for two reasons: (1) to detect variances between planned and actual performance and (2) to develop historical cost and productivity databases.
T
T/F Open Bid is a competitive bidding requirement for all public projects.
T
T/F Programming and feasibility is part of the design stage and is the part of the stage that deals with the overall building size, the number of rooms, and their adjacencies.
T
T/F Project delivery is the process by which all procedures and components of the designing and building a facility are organized and put together in an agreement that results in a completed project.
T
T/F Public contract laws have required the selection of building contractors solely on the basis of the lowest responsible bid.
T
T/F Subcontracting work is the most common example of a Risk Transfer strategy?
T
T/F A responsible bidder is one that is essentially qualified to bid on the work in the RFP.
T
T/F A simple metric for quantifying risk is to measure each potential risk occurrence by a low risk, medium risk, or high risk rating.
T
T/F An advantage of Unit-Price Contract is that the owner will be responsible for the additional costs for underestimating quantities.
T
T/F Bringing in construction professionals at the earliest planning stage of a project saves money in the long run by having fewer conflicts and higher quality of a product.
T
T/F Due diligence is the process for identifying any problems or areas of concern that exist so that those problems can be factored into the decision making that takes place during the pre-construction stage.
T
T/F In a design-build partnership, the two entities (designer and builder) work together on a single project with one of them at risk for the project.
T
Working drawings-
The final detailed drawings used for construction. This is also called construction documents or contract documents.
Post War World II
Time, cost, and quality become critical concerns for those needing new facilities.
escalation clauses
Usually negotiated into the construction contract when there is suspicion that some pricing component of the estimate is in a high state of flux. The clause allows for some fluctuation in the contract price based upon the current pricing of the suspected component.
Earned value analysis-
analysis A technique used in construction to determine the estimated value (earned value) of work completed to date on a project and comparing that to the actual work completed on the project.
A written statement that identifies and describes an owner or end user's needs an requirements for a facility a. plans and specification b. constructability review c. request proposal d. request for bid e. program
a
Any selection process in which proposals contain both price and qualitative components and the award is based upon a combination of price and qualitative considerations. a. best value b. open bid c. closed bid d. design bid build e. integrated project delivery
a
Of the three types of estimates, which provides the least amount of detail? a. conceptual b. preliminary c. detailed
a
Responsive bid (or proposal)-
a bid or proposal package that meets all of the requirements of the solicitation instrument.
Design intent model-
a building information model prepared by an architect, primarily intended to communicate architectural design information.
Construction model-
a building information model, typically prepared by a contractor, that links construction-specific information, such as work breakdown structures and cost data, to project elements in the 3D model.
Public private partnership-
a business venture approach whereby a public sector authority and a private enterprise join forces and combine resources to deliver government projects aimed at serving the
Addendum-
a change or addition to the contract documents issued after the documents have been released but before the bids are due.
Network diagram-
a common type of construction schedule, also called the critical path method (CPM), that depicts a continuous chain of activities showing both activity durations and the relationship of the activities. There are two types of network diagrams: activity-on-arrow (AOA) and activity-on-node (AON).
Open bid-
a competitive bidding requirement for all public projects. An open bid is one that is advertised publicly and allows any qualified contractor to submit a bid on the project.
Project delivery-
a comprehensive process by which a building, facility, or structure is designed and constructed.
Time and materials
another name for a cost- plus-fee contract. These are the two cost factors that are reimbursed under a cost-plus-fee contract. Time equates to the cost of the labor, and materials equate to the cost of the building products used in the construction.
Field observation report (FOR)-
a report used to track questionable quality and safety performance on the job site. Employees, subcontractors, and visiting vendors are encouraged to report any work item suspected of being installed incorrectly or fail- ing to meet a quality or safety standard. Each of these observations is logged by the quality engineer or person in charge of the task, and each item in question is verified or corrected as needed.
Callback
a request from an owner that a contractor return to the job sire to correct or redo some item of work
Callback-
a request from an owner that a contractor return to the job site to correct or redo some item of work.
Forward pass-
a scheduling technique used to calculate an activity's early start and early finish. The forward pass must be completed before the project duration can be determined.
Backward pass-
a scheduling technique used to calculate an activity's late start and late finish.
Rework
a team used to describe defective construction work that must be redone or corrected
Concrete washout station-
a temporary container installed on a construction site to collect all water runoff from the washing of trucks, tools, and equipment associated with concrete. The container may prefabricated and delivered or built on-site.
Cofferdam-
a temporary watertight enclosure erected to prevent water from seeping into an area, allowing construction to take place in the water-free space.
Add ons-
a term commonly used in construction estimating to describe the taxes, overhead, and profit added to the estimate after all other costs have been calculated.
Perspective drawing-
a three-dimensional drawing representing width, length, and height of a structure.
Work between structure (WBS)-
a tool used by estimators to organize the work of a contract in a hierarchical fashion.
Transmittal-
a tracking document that serves as a cover notification to any communication, submit- tal, or shop drawing being transmitted among the project participants.
Gantt chart-
a type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule. It displays the start and finish dates of the various activities of a project.
Mobilization includes which of the following? a. confirm testing agencies and personnel b. install job signage and barricades c. set up field office d. site work e. excavation f. obtain and pay for all permits g. issues purchase order
a,b,c,f
Select three factors that can negatively impact project performance: a. weather conditions b. correct sequencing of work c. defective materials d. late deliveries e. work less complex than anticipated f. subcontractor ahead of schedule
a,c,d
Bid forms
actual forms to be filled out when submitting the bid, and are included in this section
When is final payment released to the contractor?
after final completion
What is a construction manager that offers advice to the owner but is not responsible for any of the actual construction?
agency CM
Short interval schedules-
also called look-ahead schedules. They focus on a short period of time and a limited scope of work. They usually plan work for a two- to four-week time period.
Contingency-
an amount of money added to an estimate to cover unknown conditions or risk factors.
Back charge-
an amount of money charged against a subcontractor for work that the general contractor performed because the subcontractor failed to do so.
Digitizer-
an electronic pen-shaped stylus or mouse curser used in conjunction with software to assist in the quantity takeoff task in estimating.
Weighted criteria-
an evaluation method used in best-value selection in which maximum point values are assessed for qualitative and price components of a proposal. Contract award is based upon the highest total points earned.
Curtain wall-
an exterior cladding system that is sup- ported entirely by the frame of the building, rather than being self-supporting or load-bearing.
The process for effectively identifying unintended material or system interferences in a 3D project model
clash detection
Since taxpayers are concerned about favoritism and undue influence in awarding government contracts, commodities and services providers must use this process:
competitive bidding
What is the dominant method used to determine contract award in construction?
competitive low bidding
A building with higher numbers of corners than an equivalent building in terms of square footage with fewer corners will be more expenses because of its:
complexity
CAD stands for:
computer aided design
This type of estimate is a ballpark estimate.
conceptual
Division 3
concrete
Slip form-
concrete forms that rise up the wall as construction progresses.
Age of the Skyscrapers
construction becomes big business, glass is mass produced and steel framing replaces iron framing, Portland cement and reinforced concrete are developed, passenger elevators are developed
CD stands for:
construction document
What is one of the most underutilized resources available to the design team?
construction field personnel who actually install the building systems OR users of the project/building
CM stands for:
construction manager
The process of actually putting materials into place?
construction operations
Factors such as weather delays, crane failures, safety issues are classified as what type of risks?
construction risks
CSI stands for:
construction specification institute
Self performed work-
construction work that is performed with the general contractor's own forces or labor. This is work that is not subcontracted.
An amount of money added to an estimate to cover unknown conditions or risk factors
contingencies
What has to do with the management of the details and information presented in the general and supplemental conditions of the contract?
contract administration
Which team member is tasked with assisting the PM and Super with managing the details of the contract?
contract administrator
Who typically handles the application for payment?
contract administrator
What are the drawings and project manual?
contract documents
Agreement form
contract form that will be signed by both parties after the contract is awarded
Who bears the burden of a cost over-run in a lump sum contract?
contractor
Division 14
conveying systems
What is a continuous monitoring process used to track variances between actual performance and planned performance?
cost control
What is taking steps to accelerate activities in the schedule?
crashing the schedule
A contractor must decide whether or not to pursue certain jobs. Which factor would influence a contractor to NOT pursue a project under these conditions: The project is a controversial project in the community a. size of the project b. who the architect is c. present workload d. it is a high profile project
d
Which of the following are fundamental objectives of a quality management plan? a. do thing right the first time b. prevent things from going wrong c. continually improve the process d. all the listed factors are fundamental
d
Which of the following factor(s) does NOT affect productivity? a. not having the proper tools/equipment b. poorly trained workforce c. poor supervision d. clear plans and specs
d
