Construction Safety Exam 2
caught-in or caught-between
Being caught between the doors of a freight elevator is an example of ___ accident
14 1 4 18
Front edge of platforms not more than __ inches from the work, unless using guardrails and/or PFAS. Platforms must be: fully planked or decked with no more than __ inch gaps able to support its weight & __ times maximum load at least __ inches wide
caught-in or caught-between
Getting hair, gloves, or clothing caught in, wrapped around the rotating shaft of a drill press or pulleys is an example of ___ accident
struck-by
Getting knocked in the head by a carpenter's square that fell off of a roof is an example of ___ accident
struck-by
Getting slapped by the load or by swinging shackles at the end of slings lifted by a crane is an example of ___ accident
4:1
Ladder set-back should be at a __ ratio; for every 4-feet rise, you should set the ladder 1-foot back from the upper support point.
3
Ladder should extend __-feet above the upper support platform that you are climbing to
Falls Struck-By Electrocution Caught-In or Caught-Between
The four most common ways in which workers are killed on a construction site are: ___ (about 33%) ___ (about 9%) ___ (about 9%) ___ (about 3%)
Amperage
- electrical flow (like area or movement) measured in amps
deceleration device
A ___ (like a shock-absorbing lanyard or selfretracting lifeline) brings a falling person to a stop without injury
assess
Always ___ the situation before you attempt to lift any material by looking for any protruding nails, wires, or sharp objects
5000
Anchorage devices and anchorage points (also called tie-off points) must have a minimum tensile strength of__ pounds for each worker attached
center of gravity
Determine the weight and the ___ of the load before performing a manual lift, or a mechanical lift with a hoist or crane
anchorage
Do not make ___ point the same as a work basket tie-off
2nd
Do not stand above the __ step from the top of a stepladder
Automatic Electronic Defibrillator
Electrical shock may cause heart stoppage or fibrillation(irregular heart beat). So you must defibrillate with an ___ (AED).
hazards associated with material handling and storage
Electrocution while handling materials is an example of ___ accident
Falls from elevation - caused by slipping, unsafe access, and the lack of fall protection Struck by falling tools or debris Electrocution - from overhead power lines Scaffold collapse - caused by instability or overloading Bad planking giving way
Employees working on scaffolds are exposed to these hazards
hazards associated with material handling and storage
Falls from stacks of materials is an example of ___ accident
10
If a worker on a scaffold can fall more than __ feet, protect them with fall protection consisting of: Guardrails, and/or Personal Fall Arrest Systems (PFAS) Safety Nets
personal fall arrest system guard rails
If railings are not feasible, then a ___ (PFAS) must be employed. Best practices often employ both ___ and PFASs
20 25
In general, stay __-feet away from transmission lines(used to be 10-feet).In fact the minimum approach distance for overhead lines should be __-feet or greater until the line voltage is verified.
motorized
In order to work with ___ material-handling equipment, you must be trained, certified, and authorized.
heaviest
Limit the height when you stack materials, keeping the ___ materials at the bottom
bridal hitch
Material handling often involves rigging skills: Remember that with a ___, as the angle between the slings (at the master link) increases along the horizontal plane, the amount of tension on the slings increases.
separately
Material handling often involves rigging skills: If pipes of greatly different lengths must be lifted, lift each different length ___.
double-wrap choker
Material handling often involves rigging skills: When lifting loose materials such as pipe or bar stock, use a ___ hitch
self-propelled
Most aerial lifts are ___. Conduct safety checks for loose and missing parts before operating an aerial lift or a scissor lift.
3-1/2
The deceleration distance, the distance it takes before a person comes to a stop when falling should be no more than ___ feet
scaffold manufacturer
No paint on wood platforms: Use ___ grade wood Fully planked between front upright and guardrail support Component pieces used must match and be of the same type from the same ___ Erect on stable and level ground Lock wheels and braces
30
OSHA standards also require stairways with more than four risers, or higher than__-inches must be equipped with at least one handrail.
30 50 75½
OSHA standards require that the worksite stairway stringer angle (of incline) must be between __-degrees and __-degrees whereas the 4:1 ratio ladder angle is at __-degrees.
¼ 20
Riser height must not vary by more than __-inch. Where doors or gates swing open directly on a stairway must have a platform that extends at least __-inches beyond the swing of the door.
30 6
Safety nets should be placed no more than __-feet beneath the work area and should extend 8 to 13 feet beyond the edge of the work area. Mesh openings in safety nets must be limited to 36 square-inch squares, at __-inches on each side, or 36 square inches in area.
42 3-1/2
Scaffold Guardrails: Top rails at __ inches tall; mid-rails halfway between top-rail and platform; toe-boards at least __ inches high
200
Stairs must be able to support four-times the expected load. And hand-rails and stair-rails must be able to withstand a horizontal force of __-pounds at any spot along the rail.
30 22 12
Stairway landings must be at least __-inches deep and __-inches wide with a landing every __-feet or less of vertical rise
flying falling swinging rolling
Struck-by hazards in construction cause accidents in the following ways: Struck-by ___ object Struck-by ___ object Struck-by ___ object Struck-by ___ object
arresting force
The ___ is the force needed to stop a person from falling. The greater the free-fall distance, the more force needed to arrest the fall.
sliding back D-Ring
The ___ of a body harness allows the arresting force to be distributed throughout the body.
moving the machine
The boom should not be extended or scissors opened while ___.
2 2
The free-fall distance is the vertical distance that a worker moves after a fall, before a deceleration device activates. The free-fall distance should be no more than __-feet. And a personal positioning system should not allow a worker to fall more than __ -feet before the PFAS begins to work
guys, ties red
The height of the scaffold should not be more than four times its minimum base dimension (4-to-1 ratio) unless ___ , ___, or braces are used. Scaffolding tags are color coded in green, yellow, and red; never climb on scaffolding with a ___ scaffold tag
voltage
The higher the ___, the greater the chance of fatal shock
electric shock
The main risk of working around electricity is ___ .This can affect the heart,cause burns, or even cause another accident (like a fall).
6
The maximum distance that a PFAS should allow a construction worker to fall is __-feet.
ladders
The most common accidents associated with ___ are from falls, being struck by falling objects, and by electrocution
19 25
There must be a stairway, ladder, or ramp where there is a break in elevation of __-inches or more, within __feet of workers in a trench or on a roof.
independent
When leaving a work basket, be certain to tie off to an anchorage point ___ from the work basket.
labeled weight
When moving a material cart, be sure that the load does not exceed the ___ of the cart, and when on an inclined/declined surface, take precautions to keep from losing control
below the hook
When rigging a load, the center of gravity must always be ___ ! And watch for circumstances where workers may be caught: The doors on a freight elevator, for example, often present a pin-point hazard
nonconductive
Where ladders are used near energized electrical equipment, they must have ___ side-rails such as wood or fiberglass
Circuit
complete path of the current. Includes electrical source, a conductor, and the output device or load (such as a lamp, tool, or heater)
Voltage
electrical force (like pressure) measured in volts
Current
electrical movement (measured in amps)
Arc Burns:
from being caught within an arc of electricity. The arc between metals can be 35,000 degrees (4 times temperature of sun).
Thermal Contact Burns
from contact with objects (or vapor) thrown during electrical blasts.
Electrical Burns
from electric current flowing through tissue and bones (internal damage).This causes the most severe electrical injuries.
50 25 25
having a means of "egress" (entry and exit) every __-feet, so that workers are always within __-feet of egress. With __ or more workers, you must double capacity.
Resistance resistance
restriction to electrical flow measured in ohms (typically denoted by an omega symbol or horse-shoe: Ω);___ is a measure of how well a substance insulates.
Insulators
substances with high resistance to electricity like glass, porcelain, plastic, and dry wood that prevent electricity from getting to unwanted areas
Conductors
substances, like metals, with little resistance to electricity that allow electricity to flow
Wattage
the power consumed (like volume); (1000 watts = 1 kilowatt or kWh)
hazards associated with material handling and storage
Flammable or toxic exposure while handling materials is an example of ___ accident
caught-in or caught-between
Getting tangled within the gears of machinery is an example of ___ accident
28
2/3 of electrical injuries involve low-voltage (less than 600V). When tools/equipment touch overhead high-voltage lines, __ % of injuries are fatal.
personal fall arrest system (PFAS)
A ___ consists of a body harness, a lanyard, a deceleration device, a lifeline, an anchorage device and an anchorage point
Supported Suspended Aerial
A scaffold is an elevated, temporary work platform. There are three basic types: ___ Scaffolds: Platforms supported by rigid, load bearing members, such as poles, legs, frames, & outriggers ___ Scaffolds: Platforms suspended by ropes or other non-rigid, overhead support ___ Lifts: such as "cherry pickers" or "boom trucks"
Struck
According to OSHA, "___" is defined as: injuries produced by forcible contact or impact between the injured person and an object or piece of equipment.
caught-in caught-between
According to OSHA, "___" or "___" hazards are defined as: Injuries resulting from a person being squeezed, caught, crushed, pinched, or compressed between two or more objects, or between parts of an object. Whereas a "struck-by" involves something striking a person.
two
Aerial/Boom/Scissor lifts are typically used to support on or ___ workers.
struck-by
Being hit by flying debris from a grinding wheel is an example of ___ accident
struck-by
Being run over by a 5-foot diameter rolling pipe is an example of ___ accident
caught-in or caught-between
Being trapped between a wall and the pivoting counterweight of a crane is an example of ___ accident
10 75
Currents above __ mA can paralyze or "freeze" muscles.Currents above __ mA can cause a rapid, ineffective heartbeat --death will occur in a few minutes unless a defibrillator is used.
4
Do not stand above the __th rung from the top of an extension ladder
24
Fixed ladders are straight, vertical (90-degrees), and permanent parts of a structure. Equip fixed ladders that are __-feet or longer with ladder safety devices.
III
Ladders are rated for duty: Type __: 200-pound rating (Light Duty)
II
Ladders are rated for duty: Type __: 225-pound rating (Medium Duty)
I
Ladders are rated for duty: Type __: 250-pound rating (Heavy Duty)
IA
Ladders are rated for duty: Type __: 300-pound rating (Extra Heavy Duty)
IAA
Ladders are rated for duty: Type __: 375-pound rating (Double Extra Heavy Duty)
12 6
There should be no large gaps in front edge of platforms. Each abutted end of plank must rest on a separate support surface; overlap platforms at least __ inches over supports, unless restrained to prevent movement. Each end of a platform, unless cleated or otherwise restrained by hooks, must extend over its support by at least __ inches
Secure/tie four PFAS
Train employees to recognize hazards: ___ to prevent swaying and support devices must rest on surfaces that can support ___ times the load. A competent person must evaluate connections to ensure the supporting surfaces can support load and inspect ropes for defects before shift. ___ must have anchors independent of the scaffold support system
falling
Types of at-risk work areas that require protection from ___ include: Scaffolds, ladders, leading edges, ramps, runways, wall or floor openings, roofs, excavations, pits, wells, concrete forms, or any type of unprotected sides or edges must be guarded with railings.
42
Unprotected sides of landings must have standard __-inch guardrail systems.
4 two 6 ½
When stacking bricks, limit the height to __-feet before tapering the stack by __ inch steps per foot; when stacking masonry blocks, limit the height to __-feet before tapering the stack before tapering the stack by __ block steps.
3/8
You lose __ -inch of ladder height for every foot of elevation along a 4:1 ladder slope.
3
__ -feet overlap for ladders up to 36-feet long
4
__-feet overlap for ladders from 37-feet to 48-feet long
5
__-feet overlap for ladders from 49-feet to 60-feet long
Suspension
___ Scaffolds are platforms suspended by ropes or wires; rope must be capable of supporting 6 times the load.
Ladders
___ are made from wood, aluminum, steel, and fiberglass
Guardrails 42 21 ¼ 200
___ consist of top rails (at __ inches tall (plus/minus 3-inches)), mid-rails (half-way up, at about __inches), and toe-boards (at least 3-1/2 inches high with no more than __-inch gap below). Guardrails must withstand __# horizontal force at top rail
Open-sided
___ floors and platforms must be guarded with railings
Material handling
___ hazards often involve struck-by hazards and caught-in or caught-between hazards. However, there are other standards which may apply.
Struck-by hazards
___ in construction cause accidents in the following ways: Struck-by flying object Struck-by falling object Struck-by swinging object Struck-by rolling object
Fiberglass
___ ladders are "fairly" lightweight and non-conducting, so they are useful for electrical work
Front D-Rings
___ or web loops on a PFAS are typically used for fall restraint (like when climbing a ladder), for some types of rescue, and as tool lanyards (to protect worker below from falling tools).
Grounding
a conductive connection to the earth which acts as a protective measure
