Consumer Behavior Test 3

Cohort analysis involves describing and explaining the attitudes, values, and behaviors of an age group as well as predicting its future attitudes, values, and behaviors.

True

Consumers are more willing to travel longer distances to shop for a luxury car than for deodorant.

True

Consumers who demonstrate a positively biased behavior toward a specific brand are exhibiting brand loyalty.

True

If a customer is dissatisfied with a company's product, the company would prefer that he or she complains to the company.

True

Many customer loyalty programs are designed to generate repeat purchases rather than committed customers.

True

The practice whereby a firm promotes environmental benefits that are unsubstantiated and on which they don't deliver is known as

greenwashing.

Compared to the general population, Asian Americans

have a higher average income.

What is the key to success of store brands?

high quality at a reasonable price

African Americans constitute about __________ percent of the U.S. population.

13

Which of the following is an example of cause-related marketing (CRM)?

A company donates $1 to Diabetes research for every purchase of its product by consumers.

Which of the following statements is false regarding the religious/secular value in American society?

America is basically a religious society.

Which subculture is the most diverse group, with numerous nationalities, languages, and religions?

Asian Americans

__________ requires knowledge of specific attributes and involves attribute-by-attribute comparisons across brands.

Attribute-based choice

Which of the following is/are true regarding CRM and social marketing?

Cause-related marketing ties a company and its products to an issue or cause.

Which of the following is true regarding word-of-mouth (WOM)?

Consumers trust WOM more than many other sources.

The fact that consumers have limited capacity for processing information is referred to as

bounded rationality.

A segment of a larger culture whose members share distinguishing values and patterns of behavior is known as social norms.

False: A subculture is a segment of a larger culture whose members share distinguishing values and patterns of behavior.

Ethnic groups are the sole basis for subcultures in the United States.

False: Ethnic groups are the most commonly described subcultures, but religions and geographic regions are also the bases for strong subcultures in the United States.

Hispanics mostly speak English and prefer English-language media.

False: Hispanics often speak Spanish and often prefer Spanish-language media.

Product and service offerings that target the GLBT community almost never require modification.

False: Product modification opportunities are sometimes possible and beneficial.

The first stage in the consumer decision process is information search.

False: The first stage in the consumer decision process is problem recognition.

The three types of consumer decision making are nominal, limited, and complex.

False: The three types of consumer decision making are nominal, limited, and extended.

The way an individual perceives his or her feelings and situation to be at the present time is known as one's desired state.

False: The way an individual perceives his or her feelings and situation to be at the present time is known as one's actual state.

Generation Z are more "risk takers" than Generation X or Generation Y.

False: This group tends to avoid risky behavior and act in a responsible manner.

Which generation was born between 1965 and 1976?

Generation X

Which generation was the first to gain a very broad view of a family, which may include parents, siblings, stepparents, half-siblings, close friends, live-in lovers, and others?

Generation X

Which of the following statements is false regarding marketing to Hispanics?

Hispanics tend to be more receptive than the general market to store brands.

The probability of a consumer experiencing postpurchase dissonance, as well as the magnitude of such dissonance, is a function of which of the following?

The degree of commitment or irrevocability of the decision. The importance of the decision to the consumer. The difficulty of choosing among the alternatives. The individual's tendency to experience anxiety.

Ongoing search involves an intentional external search occurring in the absence of problem recognition and is done both for acquiring information for use perhaps at a later time and because the process itself is pleasurable.

True

Online interactive tools and virtual trials have become part of the information search experience.

True

Primary sources of information available to consumers include marketing sources, independent sources, personal sources, experiential sources, and memory.

True

Late adolescents and early teens are known as

Tweens.

An age cohort refers to

a group of people who have experienced a common social, political, historical, and economic environment.

Which of the following is a current American value?

active

Which of the following tends to be more holistic in nature, and the brand is not decomposed into distinct components that are evaluated separately from the whole?

affective choice

A choice based on the "how do I feel about it" heuristic is referred to as

affective choice.

Chatbots are an example of what emerging technology in mobile retailing?

artificial Intelligence

Which type of consumer choice process involves the use of general attitudes, summary impressions, intuitions, or heuristics, and no attribute-by-attribute comparisons are made at the time of choice?

attitude-based choice

Sarah is interested in purchasing a new coffee table for her living room. She is unsure what size, shape and color of table will look best in her apartment, but realizes that she can't just bring several options home to try out. She heads to a local furniture store for help. What mobile retailing technology may be useful to Sarah in choosing a table?

augmented reality

The term used to refer to turnover in a firm's customer base is

churn

Rational choice theory implicitly or explicitly assumes a number of things about consumer choice that are often not true, such as

consumers seek one optimal solution to a problem and choose on that basis. consumers have the skill and motivation to find the optimal choice. the optimal solution does not change as a function of situational factors such as time pressure, task definition, or competitive context. consumers seek one optimal solution to a problem and choose on that basis and the optimal solution does not change as a function of situational factors such as time pressure, task definition, or competitive context.

Negative emotions or guilt feelings aroused by the use of a product or a service are referred to as

consumption guilt.

A shift back to an emphasis on postponed gratification in America would most likely

decrease the use of credit.

Harriett wants to describe the population of a new market in which her firm wishes to enter. She wants to describe the population in terms of its size, distribution, and structure. Which of the following should she use?

demographics

Once a consumer problem is identified, the manager may structure the marketing mix to solve the problem. This can involve

developing a new product, altering an existing product, modifying channels of distribution, changing pricing policy.

Chaz was asked by a market researcher which criteria he uses when purchasing beer. He told the researcher that taste and price are important to him. Which method did the researcher use to obtain this information from Chaz?

direct

All of the brands that a consumer will evaluate for the solution of a particular problem is known as the

evoked set.

Nathan is purchasing a new computer, so he asks his friends and family for help in selecting one. He also has searched the Internet and visited the Dell, Gateway, and Apple websites and has consulted Consumer Reports. Nathan is conducting which type of information search?

external search

The baby boom generation is

faced with taking care of parents, more tech savvy than previous generations, characterized by time poverty

Which measurement technique used to assess consumers' evaluative criteria assumes consumers will not or cannot state their evaluative criteria?

indirect

Style, taste, prestige, feelings generated, and brand image are examples of which type of evaluative criteria?

intangible

Marketing managers are interested in external information search because

it provides them with direct access to the consumer.

Nominal decision making tends to be associated with

low levels of purchase involvement.

The number of alternatives, price range, store distribution, and information availability are examples of which factor that influences the expected benefits and perceived costs of search?

market characteristics

Information search often requires all of the following

money, giving up more desirable activities, physical effort, mental effort.

Another term for habitual decision making is

nominal decision making.

The heterogeneous nature of American society is being accentuated by

non-European immigration, differential birthrates, increased ethnic identification.

Shoppers who browse and/or purchase in more than one channel are known as

omni-channel shoppers.

Satisfaction with a purchase is primarily a function of

perceived performance relative to expectations.

Doubt about the wisdom of a purchase shortly after the purchase is referred to as

postpurchase dissonance.

The first stage of the decision process is called the

problem recognition.

Gwen is an elderly lady and is participating in a market research study. The researcher asked her to describe the criteria someone who needs adult diapers might use to evaluate alternatives. The researcher was not asking Gwen what criteria she would use, but rather, the criteria Gwen thinks someone else would use. Which type of technique is this known as?

projective technique

The level of concern for, or interest in, the purchase process triggered by the need to consider a particular purchase is

purchase involvement.

Marriott Rewards customers earn points whenever they stay at any Marriott property. Louis is in this program, and he travels quite a bit because he works in sales. He usually stays at a Courtyard by Marriott, and when he walks into the lobby there is a sign by the desk welcoming him by name as well as other Marriott Rewards customers who might be staying there. This ongoing relationship between Louis and Marriott is an example of

relationship marketing.

Any source of products or services for consumers is referred to as a

retail outlet.

Spillover sales refer to

sales of additional items to customers who came to purchase an advertised item.

An advertisement for Topol toothpaste, which is targeted at smokers and coffee and wine drinkers, stresses how this is the only brand that can remove the stains associated with these consumption behaviors. Which type of problem recognition is this marketer attempting to stimulate?

selective problem recognition

Internet shopping services use __________ that do the shopping/searching for users.

shopping bots

The value that Americans place on youth has

shown a slow reversal toward more value being placed on age in recent years.

Omni-channel shoppers who shop at a physical store for an item and then purchase it online are engaging in

showrooming.

What two basic approaches are used to measure social status?

single-item and multi-item indexes

The degree of consistency an individual has across all the status dimensions is known as

status crystallization.

Which of the following is not a component of store image?

store atmosphere. store size. store location. store advertising

Brands owned and sold by a specific retail outlet are known as

store brands.

The costs of finding, evaluating, and adopting another solution are known as

switching costs.

Which of the following is probably the most important situational variable with respect to search behavior?

temporal perspective

The motivation to resolve a recognized problem depends on

the relative importance of the problem and the magnitude of the discrepancy between the desired and existing states.

Which of the following is not an approach to green marketing?

utilizing only local components in products

Cultural values are

widely held beliefs that affirm what is desirable.