Contemporary Biology Test 2

A group of organisms at any particular level of classification is called a

taxon

A group of organisms at any particular level of classifications is called a:

taxon

With respect to evolution, a disaster that randomly kills a large portion of the population is known as:

the bottleneck effect

Which of these statements best describes a keystone species?

their disappearance will collapse or significantly change the entire ecosystem

Shared derived characters are:

those that are distinct from the traits of the last common ancestor

when does an exotic species become an invasive species?

when it threatens native species through resource competition or disease

The diversity that enables living things to adapt and survive environmental changes is called ______:

genetic diversity

Which situation would most likely lead to allopatric speciation?

A flood causes the formation of a new lake.

Biodiversity hotspots are:

regions with the potential for high levels of extinction

What is the best for determining the relationship of closely related groups (such as different breeds of dogs)

Studying rapidly evolving DNA sequences

Genus

A group of similar species

Which of the following situations will lead to natural selection?

All of these

Speciation involving a geographic separation of populations from a parent species and subsequent evolution is called:

Allopatric speciation

_______ occurs when individuals of two different species reproduce to form a viable offspring.

Alloploidy

What term is used to describe speciation without geographic separation?

Sympatric speciation

Which of the following can be used to know whether a population is evolving?

The Hardy-Weinberg equation

A wolf and a cat belong to the same order, Carnivora. This means they also belong in the same:

Class and Phylum

When constructing a phylogenetic tree, if you were to apply parsimony, you would

Construct a tree with the fewest evolutionary changes, either genetically or morphologically

Which of the following are allopolyploids?

Cotton plants

Cladograms constructed on evidence from molecular systematics is based on:

DNA sequencing

What is the difference between a dispersal and a vicariance?

Dispersal involves the movement of the organism, whereas vicariance involves a change in the environment.

A(n) _______ species is a species that faces extinction in all or part of its range.

Endangered

Biodiversity in every taxonomic group of organism increases as the latitude increases.

False

Desert ecosystems are especially threatened by exotic species

False

If two organisms share common morphological features, they are considered to be related.

False

The wings of bats and dragonflies are homologous structures

False

The wings of bats and dragonflies are homologous structures.

False

In which of the following levels would there generally be the largest number of shared characteristics among organisms of that level?

Family

Which of the following is the correct representation of the scientific name for a cat?

Felis catus (italicized)

What does the genetic history of the Afrikaner population of Dutch settlers in South Africa provide an evidence of?

Founder effect

_______ can occur when an individual travels from one geographic location to another and joins a different population of the species.

Gene flow

Which of these conditions would result in allopatric speciation taking place more quickly?

Greater distance between the two groups

Clearing a forest, or replacing prairies with pasture lands, and crop fields is an example of what type of threat to biodiversity?

Habitat loss

What is mutation?

It is a change in the DNA sequence of the gene.

Binomial nomenclature

Naming system that gives an organism a two-word name

A dog and rabbit belong to the same class, Mammalia. This means they are also in the same:

Phylum and kingdom

Which of these is a condition in which a cell, or organism, has an extra set (or sets), of chromosomes?

Polyploidy

Which of the following are reasons why most exotic species introduction into an ecosystem fail

Poor adaptation to the ecosystem

What is the ultimate source of all genetic variation in a population?

Random Mutation

In which conditions will the allele frequency of a species remain constant from one generation to the other?

Random mating

The scientific name for the California wildrose is Rosa californica. What genus does this species belong to?

Rosa

Taxonomy

Science of naming and grouping organisms

A population of iguanas lands on a Caribbean island and is separated from the original mainland population. After many generations the iguanas in the original population will no longer reproduce with iguanas from the island. What term best fits this situation?

Speciation

What is the term used to describe "a group of actually or potentially interbreeding individuals"?

Species

Which statement most accurately represents what geneticists refer to as fitness?

The measure of an organism's ability to survive and produce offspring

Biodiversity tends to increase:

Towards the equater

Pest Control is an ecosystem service that supports human agriculture.

True

The effects of genetic drift are most apparent in small populations

True

Sister taxa

Two lineages stemming from the same branch point

The Hawaiian honeycreeper illustrates an example of:

adaptive radiation

What alleles are impacted by genetic drift?

all alleles

Why does genetic drift occur?

alleles in each generation are a random sampling of genes from the previous generation

High numbers of ________ are contained in biodiversity hotspots.

endemic species

In which of the following levels would there generally be the largest number of shared characteristics among organisms of that level?

family

Galápagos medium ground finches are found on Santa Cruz and San Cristóbal islands, which are separated by about 100 km of ocean. Occasionally, individuals from either island fly to the other island to stay. This can alter the allele frequencies of the population through which of the following mechanisms?

gene flow

The scientific name for a wild horse is Equus ferus. Equus is the ______ name, while ferus is the ________ name.

genus; species

The forelimbs of many vertebrates, such as human arms and foreleg of horses, are quite similar. This is an example of:

homology

Which variable increases the likelihood of allopatric speciation taking place more quickly?

longer distance between divided groups

the Irish potato blight would not have been severe if the potatoes had ________

more genetic diversity

Mules are hybrids of horses and donkeys. What characteristic of these hybrids supports the conclusion that horses and donkeys are different species?

mules are infertile

In which of the following pairs do both evolutionary processes introduce new genetic variation into a population?

mutation and gene flow

In relation to natural selection, evolution is the:

outcome

A dog and a rabbit belong to the same class, Mammalia. This means they are also in the same:

phylum and kingdom

Grizzly bears relocating north in response to climate change, thereby occupying polar bear habitat is an example of _________

range shift