Contemporary Social Problems Test 2: CH.4-6
In 1996, Congress passed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, commonly referred to as "welfare reform," that established a. Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). b. Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF). c. the U.S. Food Stamp Program. d. the U.S. School Lunch Program.
A
Most section 8 housing is in low-income areas because of a. local legal restrictions. b. the higher cost of construction in middle-class areas. c. opposition by residents in middle-class neighborhoods. d. the higher cost of existing dwellings in middle-class areas.
C
Children at the highest risk for abuse victimization are those in the age group a. birth to 1 year. b. 1 to 3 years. c. 3 to 6 years. d. 6 to 9 years. e. 10 to 12 years.
A
Christina offered to shop for her elderly aunt. While she did buy some groceries for her aunt, she kept most of the money for herself. This illustrates a. financial abuse. b. neglect. c. emotional abuse. d. isolation.
A
Divorce is a. more common among low income families. b. more common among high income families. c. about the same in high income and low income families. d. unaffected by economic conditions.
A
The percentage of people who cohabited with their spouses before marriage between 1980 and 2010. a. decreased dramatically b. stayed the same c. increased slightly d. more than doubled
D
The perspective argues increased divorce and single-parenthood contribute to other social problems. a. family breakdown b. marital status c. marital resiliency d. marital decline
D
The principle of deterrence is based on the assumption that a. offenders act spontaneously when committing crime. b. individuals who commit crimes will continue to commit more crimes, even after serving time in prison. c. "get tough" policies will result in other social problems. d. potential offenders weigh the costs and benefits of their actions.
D
Today, ______ states recognize some form of no-fault divorce. a. 20 b. 30 c. 40 d. all 50
D
The crime prevention event which brings together local groups in outdoor events to bring awareness to neighborhood problems is a. The Perry Preschool Project. b. Weed and Seed. c. MAD DADS. d. National Night Out.
D
The economic cost of corporate crimes is higher than the economic costs of a. larceny. b. robbery c. burglary. d. all of the crime index offenses combined.
D
The largest food assistance program in the United States is now called a. food stamps. b. school lunch and breakfast programs. c. the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). d. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.
D
The system of implies that wives and children are the property of husbands and fathers. a. matriarchy b. androgyny c. structural functionalism d. patriarchy
D
What is NOT a reason women stay in abusive relationships? a. love b. fear c. a belief it's their "fault" d. a desire for revenge
D
What is the new name for the Food Stamp Program? a. Sect.8. b. TANF c. SSI d. SNAP
D
Which of the following is NOT associated with low income? a. substance abuse b. child abuse c. divorce d. lack of stress
D
Which of the following is NOT classified as larceny? a. shoplifting. b. purse-snatching. c. bicycle theft. d. gambling
D
Which of the following is included in the official poverty calculations? a. the tax burdens of low-income families b. the federal Earned Income Tax Credit that many families receive c. family assets, such as savings and property d. pretax income
D
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the relationship between socioeconomic status and abuse? a. Most poor people maltreat their children. b. Poverty itself causes abuse. c. Because they can afford qualified caretakers, upper-class parents virtually never abuse their children. d. Inadequate resources for food and medical care increase the likelihood of abuse.
D
Which term refers to the total assets of an individual or household minus liabilities? a.income b. gross income per capital c. standard of living d.wealth
D
____ of the U.S. poor population are children. a. Less than 1/10 b. About 1/5 c. About 1/4 d. More than 1/3
D
"Wealthfare" refers to a. laws and policies that favor the rich. b. low-interest loans to people near the poverty line. c. low-interest subsidies to apartment complexes that rent to the poor. d. government programs that provide food, health care, and minimal monthly income to the poor.
A
A criminal offender is "funneled" out of the criminal justice system if he or she a. evades arrest. b. escapes from prison. c. gets out of prison on parole. d. receives probation instead of a prison sentence.
A
A shortcoming of the statistics in the Uniform Crime Reports is that a. many incidents of crime are not reported to police. b. they provide more information about crime victims than offenders. c. individuals may exaggerate the number of crimes they have committed. d. it is difficult to distinguish criminals from non-criminals because virtually every adult has engaged in some type of criminal activity.
A
A social system in which individuals get ahead and earn rewards based on their individual efforts and abilities is a a. meritocracy. b. plutocracy. c. theocracy. d. gerontocracy.
A
Which of the following is an early childhood intervention program designed to cut down on crime? a. Prison University Project b. Perry Preschool Project c. Indiana Canine Assistant and Children's Network d. MAD DADS
B
According to Robert Merton, most people react to inconsistencies between culturally defined goals and the means to achieve them by a. innovation. b. retreatism. c. rebellion. d. conformity.
D
According to ______ theory, crime is likely to occur when legitimate means of acquiring culturally defined goals are limited by the structure of society. a. differential association b. labeling c. conflict d. strain
D
According to conflict theory, the more ______ in a society, the greater the crime rate in that society. a. wealth b. industrialization c. social change d. inequality
D
Advocates for the poor point out that economic development a. always reduces poverty. b. has no impact on poverty. c. does not always reduce poverty, but does not increase it. d. sometimes increases poverty.
D
Which country owns the largest share of the world's wealth? a.China b. India c. United States d. Saudi Arabia
C
Which of the following is NOT one of the four patterns of partner violence? a. common couple violence b. intimate terrorism c. sexual withholding d. mutual violent control
C
Which of the following is an abuse-prevention strategy? a. foster care placement b. public education and media campaigns c. shelters and safe houses d. arrest and prosecution
B
The most common crime in all countries is a. homicide. b. rape. c. theft. d. arson.
C
The most common form of child abuse is a. physical abuse. b.emotional/psychological abuse. c. neglect. d. sexual abuse.
C
______ of urban populations in developing regions are living in slums. a. Five percent b. One quarter c. One third d. Over half
C
______accounts for more than two-thirds of all property arrests. a. Burglary b. Arson c.Larceny d.Robbery
C
About _______ percent of rapes are committed by someone the victim knows. a. 20 b. 40 c. 60 d. 80
D
According to Karl Marx, the owners of the factories or the "means of production" are the a. proletariat. b. corporate clients. c. meritocracy. d. bourgeoisie.
D
According to labeling theory, one way the label of deviant causes further deviance is the labeled person. a. is often denied opportunities for engaging in nondeviant behavior. b. adopts the crime-promoting attitudes and values of the society. c. rejects society's cultural goals of material achievement. d. rejects a deviant self-concept.
A
According to strain theory, the mode of adaptation most associated with criminal behavior is a. innovation. b. retreatism. c. rebellion. d. ritualism.
A
According to symbolic interactionists, the term "visitation rights" a. minimizes the importance of the noncustodial parent's rights. b. gives the noncustodial parent a feeling of involvement in his or her child's life. c. signifies to the child that the noncustodial parent still loves him or her. d. undermines the child's identification with the stepparent.
A
According to the structural-functional theorist Emile Durkheim, crime a. can strengthen group cohesion. b. usually leads to negative social change. c. reflects the social inequalities in society. d. is dysfunctional to all members of society.
A
According to the text, all of the following are myths about welfare EXCEPT a. some welfare recipients work for pay. b. immigrants place a huge burden on our welfare system. c. there is widespread abuse and fraud in SNAP. d. welfare benefits are granted to many people who are not really poor.
A
According to the text, all of the following contribute to homelessness EXCEPT a. a desire for a free and easy life b. domestic violence c. substance abuse d. lack of affordable housing
A
Acquaintance rape a. is committed by someone the victim knows. b. involves use of a weapon and results in serious bodily injury. c. is the kind of rape most likely to be reported by the victim. d. is the easiest kind of rape to prosecute.
A
Adult males who were sexually abused as children have a higher risk of all of the following EXCEPT a. becoming gay. b. depression. c. suicidal feelings. d. sexual dysfunction.
A
All of the following are significant changes that have occurred in U.S. families and households over the last several decades EXCEPT a. U.S. men and women are marrying at a younger age. b. increased heterosexual and same-sex cohabitation. c. increased births to unmarried women. d. increased single-parent families.
A
All of the following are true of people who receive TANF EXCEPT a. most people who receive TANF do not work and do not want to work. b. nearly a quarter of adult TANF recipients work for pay. c. most TANF recipients are children. d. most adult TANF recipients would rather support themselves than rely on public assistance.
A
All of the following characterize organized crime in the U.S. EXCEPT a. it is conducted by members of a hierarchically arranged structure. b. it is devoted primarily to making money through illegal means. c. it is conducted by officially organized corporations. d. it often uses coercive techniques.
A
All of the following illustrate family factors related to abuse EXCEPT a. parents with high-income, high-prestige occupations. b. intimate relationships characterized by a pattern of instability. c. witnessing abuse as a child. d. use of alcohol and other drugs.
A
An emerging family form known as living apart together relationships is one in which a. couples who are married or unmarried live in separate residences by choice. b. a divorced couple remains together in the same residence. c. an unmarried couple lives together but emotionally remains apart. d. a divorced couple shares joint custody of their children.
A
As companies relocate to poor countries with abundant supplies of cheap labor, wages decline and a. consumer spending decreases. b. quality of life increases. c. more industries grow and prosper. d. unemployment rates decrease.
A
Both rape and aggravated assault are more likely to a. involve offenders and victims of the same race. b. occur in winter months. c. be committed by someone who is a stranger to the victim. d. occur less frequently than homicide.
A
Capital punishment refers to a. the state or federal government taking the life of a person as punishment for a crime. b. any physical type of punishment. c. any punishment by federal authorities. d. monetary fines as a type of punishment.
A
Clearance rates measure the percentage of cases in which a. an arrest and official charge have been made and turned over to the courts. b. an arrest has been made but the prosecutor decided not to officially charge the suspect. c. the offender has been found guilty by a jury verdict. d. the individual officially charged with a crime has been found not guilty by a judge or jury.
A
Conflict theorists emphasize that the policies of the American government a. serve the interests of powerful and wealthy segments of society. b. are significantly contributing to the stabilization of family structure in response to pressures from the religious right to maintain family values. c. are gradually reducing the forces in American society that contribute to divorce and unwed pregnancy. d. serve the interests of lower-income families more than middle-income families.
A
Critics of the U.S. poverty line argue that a. low-income families today spend far less than one-third of their income on food. b. the U.S. poverty line accounts too much for regional differences and not enough for local variations in the cost of living. c. the homeless are overrepresented among the poor. d. Medicaid and public housing are inappropriately included in income estimates of a family.
A
Developed nations generally have ____ less developed nations. a. more egalitarian marriages than b. less egalitarian marriages than c. the same amount of equality in marriage as d. completely ended inequality in marriage when compared to
A
Globally, one woman in every______ has been subjected to violence in an intimate relationship. a. 3 b. 7 c. 13 d. 23
A
High crime rates in large urban areas are a. linked to large concentrations of poor, unemployed, and minority individuals. b. a new phenomenon. c. a myth. d. explained by the higher number of women in cities.
A
In 2013, the Supreme Court struck down part of the Defense of Marriage Act, thus a. requiring the federal government to recognize same sex marriages from states where they are legal. b. making same sex marriage legal in all fifty states. c. making same sex marriage illegal at the federal level. d. making interracial marriages legal in all states and territories of the U.S.
A
In all countries, violent crime is a relatively rare event. a. True b. False
A
In general, under U.S. laws a. stepparents have no legal obligation to support their stepchildren during the marriage. b. stepparents who divorce the biological parent have the same legal rights to custody and visitation of their stepchildren as biological parents. c. stepparents who divorce the biological parent have a legal obligation to pay child support. d. stepchildren have the right of inheritance in the event of the stepparent's death.
A
In recent decades, gangs and gang membership have a. increased due to increased availability of guns and the expanding drug trade. b. increased due to increased urbanization. c. decreased due to stricter gun control laws. d. decreased due to successful outcomes of the war on drugs.
A
In some U.S. cities and counties, heterosexual cohabiting couples as well as gay and lesbian couples who apply for a ______ are granted such legal entitlements as health insurance and inheritance rights. a. domestic partnership designation b. cohabitation license c. family status certificate d. committed couples status
A
In which region of the United States are poverty rates the highest? a. the South and West b. the Northeast c. the Midwest d. the New England states
A
Individuals who spend at least 27 weeks per year in the labor force but whose income falls below the official poverty level are called a. the working poor. b. the near poor. c. the underemployed. d. the living waged.
A
Intimate partner violence refers to actual or threatened violent crimes committed by any of the following EXCEPT a. parents. b. girlfriends. c. boyfriends. d. wives.
A
Josh and Martha are married and lived together until Josh's job moved to a different city. Martha stayed behind with the children in their old house. Josh visits as often as he can. Josh and Martha have a ______marriage. a. LAT b. commuter c. transient d. blended
A
Many white-collar crimes go unpunished because a. the 2002 Sabanes-Oxley Act decreased penalties for white collar offenders. b. less than 10% of the U.S. population are victimized by white-collar crime. c. government priorities and resources have shifted to homeland security. d. white-collar crime results in a much smaller cost to society than street crime.
A
Microcredit programs a. provide loans to people who are generally excluded from traditional credit services because of their low socioeconomic status. b. require an applicant to provide a 20% minimum capital investment and have good credit. c. offer World Bank loans to large capital investors who agree to establish manufacturing industries in developing countries. d. do not require repayment of loans if the recipients establish businesses in low-income areas.
A
Over the last decade, rates of female criminality have a. increased dramatically. b. increased slightly. c. stayed the same. d. decreased slightly.
A
Polyandry is than polygyny. a. more common worldwide b. more common in the U.S. c. equally as common worldwide d. less common worldwide
A
Poor parents are a. more likely to use harsh disciplinary techniques than nonpoor parents. b. less likely to leave children home without adult supervision than non-poor working parents. c. as nurturing and supportive of their children as non-poor parents. d. as likely to provide medical care for their children as non-poor parents
A
Proponents of ________ think that recidivism can best be reduced by placing offenders in prison so that they are unable to commit further crimes. a. incapacitation b. parole c. capital punishment d. rehabilitation
A
Self-report offender surveys compensate for some shortcomings of official statistics because self-report offender surveys a. include crimes that were committed but may not have resulted in arrest or conviction. b. provide detailed information about crime victims. c. focus only on prisoners. d. may reflect what police are doing rather than what criminals are doing.
A
Serial monogamy is a. a succession of marriages where a person has more than one spouse over a lifetime but is legally married to only one person at a time. b. a marriage between two partners that lasts a lifetime. c. a marriage between more than two partners that lasts a lifetime. d. a marriage between multiple partners where an initial marriage takes place between two individuals and additional partners are added at certain intervals.
A
Supplemental Security Income provides a minimum income to all of the following EXCEPT a. mothers under the age of 18. b. people age 65 or older. c. the blind. d. the disabled.
A
The "covenant marriage" option in Louisiana a. permits divorce only under condition of fault or after a two-year separation. b. does not allow divorce for the first 3 years of marriage. c. allows divorce only in the case of spousal abuse. d. allows a no-fault divorce after a 6-month separation.
A
The "feminization of poverty" refers to the a. higher proportion of females than males in poverty. b. dependence upon female income that occurs with male unemployment. c. higher percentage of females who become poor in their old age. d. fact that more females than males are born to poor families.
A
The "get tough" measures to combat crime are based on the principle of a. deterrence. b. rehabilitation. c. recidivism. d. social programming.
A
The "marriage movement" involves efforts to a. strengthen marriage and prevent divorce. b. promote alternatives to the traditional marriage. c. make divorce as smooth a transition as possible. d. legalizes same sex marriage.
A
The 2006 Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act a. created a national registry of substantiated cases of child abuse and neglect. b. created community policing. c. mandates prison time for child sexual abuse. d. mandates the removal of children from an abusive home.
A
The 2010 Supreme Court ruling in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission a. allows corporations to spend unlimited amounts of money to support or oppose political candidates. b. provides campaign funds for low income political candidates. c. strictly regulates that no political candidate is allowed to spend more on the campaign than the opposition. d. creates a public interest group for immigrant issues.
A
The Occupy Wall Street movement often refers to the "99%" meaning a. regular hard working Americans. b. the majority of people in Congress. c. that most of our income should go untaxed. d. the vast majority of people in banking and finance are criminals.
A
The U.S. Census defines family as a. a kinship system of all relatives living together or recognized as a social unit. b. two or more persons related by blood, marriage or adoption. c. two or more persons who share a common residence. d. a unit that consists of a mother, father and at least one child, who share a common residence.
A
The Yakuza of Japan a. is a network of 22 gangs divided into competing factions. b. is one of the largest gun manufacturers in the world. c. is a large banking organization that loans money worldwide. d. has been accused of providing campaign contributions to American politicians.
A
The ________ provides federal funds to support research and programs to encourage healthy marriages and promote involved and responsible fatherhood. a. Healthy Marriage Initiative b. Defense of Marriage Act c. Obamacare legislation d. Together We Stand movement
A
The authors of the text argue that a. divorce may be viewed as placing a high value on marriage. b. the high rate of out-of-wedlock birth is a clear indicator of a decline in the value of marriage. c. the divorce rate is rising because Americans are getting married at increasingly younger ages. d. all unwed mothers must be considered single parents.
A
The average TANF family has _____ children. a. less than 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. more than 5
A
The highest arrest rates are for people a. under age 25. b. age 25-34. c. age 36-45. d. age 45 and over.
A
The majority of Americans favor which type of approach to dealing with crime? a. resolving social problems b. increased police presence c. increased incarceration rates d. mandatory minimum sentences
A
The most common form of sibling abuse is a. emotional abuse. b. sexual abuse. c. neglect. d. physical assault.
A
The most widely used standard to measure poverty sets ______ a day in the developing extreme poverty at countries. a.$1.25 b.$2.25 c.$4.25 d.$5.25
A
The recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for commercial sex or labor service is called a. human trafficking. b. chattel slavery. c. indenture. d. vice crime.
A
The sociological definition of the family includes all of the following EXCEPT a. foster families. b. unmarried opposite-sex couples. c. unmarried same-sex couples. d. roommates.
A
The study reported in your text of low-income and welfare single mothers found they used all of the following strategies to make ends meet EXCEPT a. shoplifting and other types of larceny theft. b. working in the formal, informal, or underground economy. c. cash assistance from boyfriends, relatives, and friends. d. help from agencies, community groups, or charities in paying overdue bills.
A
The term "classic rape" includes all of the following characteristics EXCEPT a. more than one rapist. b. use of a weapon, or the threat of use of a weapon. c. a rapist who is a stranger. d. serious bodily injury.
A
U.S.society is characterized by ________, the tendency to focus on one's own self-interests and personal happiness rather than the family or community. a. individualism b. familism c. patriarchy d. egomania
A
What is relationship "churning?" a. a pattern of instability in which the partners break up and then reconcile b. the cycle of abuse c. going to marriage counseling or marriage education classes d. trying to save a marriage by changing the usual patterns of living
A
Which concept refers to repeated violent episodes followed by a makeup period when the abuser expresses sorrow and asks for forgiveness? a. cycle of abuse b. post traumatic stress syndrome c. quid pro quo d. de facto violence
A
Which country in the world has the highest incarceration rate? a. United States b. Mexico c. Russia d. Saudi Arabia
A
Which famous philosopher said that modern society rests on gender based slavery? a. Friedrich Engels b. John Locke c. Henry David Thoreau d. Thomas Jefferson
A
Which of the following is NOT a form of educational assistance to low income families? a. the State Scholarship Program b. Pell Grants c. federal college work-study program d. guaranteed student loan program
A
Which of the following is a "means tested program?" a. government public assistance programs for the poor b. state achievement tests to graduate high school c. subprime mortgage d. prisons
A
Which of the following is a vice crime? a. prostitution b. arson c. robbery d. rape
A
Which of the following is an example of a status offense? a. truancy b. shoplifting c. computer hacking d. credit card fraud
A
Which of the following is one of the eight "index offenses" the FBI identifies as the most serious U.S. crimes? a. burglary b. illegal drug use c. gambling d. prostitution
A
Which of the following perspectives are most likely to argue that physicians should be paid higher than most occupations because their job is more important than most and requires so much education and training? a. Structural-functionalism b. Conflict theory c. Symbolic interactionism d. Feminist theory
A
Which of the following refers to the crime of attacking a person with the intent to cause serious bodily injury? a. aggravated assault b. vice crime c. acquaintance injury d. frustration aggression
A
Which of the following statements best reflects the consequences of divorce? a. The effects of divorce on adults and children are mixed and variable with both positive and negative effects. b. The consequences of divorce are always negative for children but positive for the adults. c. There are no long term consequences of divorce for the children. d. Divorce generally benefits all involved.
A
Which of the following statements is true? a. Men are more likely to commit crimes than women. b. Women are more likely to commit crimes than men. c. Men and women commit crimes at about the same rate. d. At younger ages, women commit more crimes and at older ages, men commit more crimes.
A
Which of the following statements is true? a. States decide who is eligible for Medicaid. b. All people below the federal poverty line are automatically eligible for Medicaid. c. Eligibility for cash assistance automatically conveys eligibility for Medicaid. d. Medicaid is a private program while Medicare is a government program.
A
Which theoretical perspective argues that families have been weakened by changing gender roles? a. structural-functionalist b. conflict c. symbolic interactionist d. feminist
A
_____ is a protest movement concerned with economic inequality, greed, and the influence of corporations on government. A. Occupy Wall Street B. Faith-based initiative C. Don't Tread on Me
A
_____ is poverty that is transmitted from one generation to the next. a. Intergenerational poverty b. Intragenerational poverty c. Socioeconomic poverty d. Inherited poverty
A
______ poverty refers to a deficiency of material and economic resources compared with some other population a.Relative b. Comparative c. Absolute d. Standardized
A
______ are private homes of individuals who volunteer to provide temporary housing to abused people. a. Safe houses b. Domestic violence shelters c. Battered women's shelters d. Halfway houses
A
"Inclusionary zoning" refers to a. zoning restrictions in the suburbs that set minimum lot size requirements, density restrictions, and other controls to keep out low income residents. b. requirements that developers reserve a percentage of housing units for affordable housing. c. urban renewal of inner city areas in which low-income slum areas are destroyed to attract higher income business and residents. d. the annexation of suburbs and edge cities by the central cities of large metropolitan areas.
B
A crime is a. any violation of a community's standards. b. a violation of a federal, state, or local criminal law. c. a disagreement between two or more parties. d. the same as a felony.
B
About _____ of all U.S. marriages are likely to end in divorce. a. 10 percent b. 40 to 50 percent c. three-quarters d. over 90 percent
B
About____ families poor enough to qualify for TANF receive monthly cash assistance. a. 1 in 2 b. 1 in 5 c. 1 in 20 d. 90 percent
B
Abuse in relationships typically a. is ongoing and constant. b. occurs in cycles where an abusive episode is followed by a makeup period when the abuser expresses sorrow. c. occurs in cycles where an abusive episode is followed by intense emotional abuse and victim blaming. d. is sporadic and unpredictable.
B
According to Merton, ______explains the high rate of crime by uneducated and poor Americans. a. conformity b. innovation c. retreatism d. rebellion
B
According to conflict theory, what is criminal and what is not reflects a. moral standards of society. b. interests of the ruling class. c. interests of future generations. d. what is harmful and not harmful to members of society.
B
According to modern conflict theorists, the power to influence economic outcomes in a society comes from all of the following EXCEPT a. ownership of the means of production. b. advertising. c. interlocking board memberships. d. control of media.
B
According to symbolic interactionists, the significance of social interaction in children's developing self concepts suggests a. the importance of maintaining the traditional family form. b. society should accept, rather than stigmatize, nontraditional family forms. c. equal parenting roles will confuse and frustrate the child. d. acceptance of a stepparent will weaken the child's development of an independent identity.
B
According to the text, what is the best insurance against living in poverty? a. family structure b. educational attainment c. hard work d. number of children
B
According to your text, which of the following is almost entirely perpetrated by men and is more likely to escalate over time and involve serious injury? a. mutual violent control b. intimate terrorism c. violent resistance d. common couple violence
B
All of the following are effective alternatives to spanking, according to the National Mental Health Association, EXCEPT a. encourage and reward good behavior. b. reduce punishments, such as time-outs. c. set rules and consequences. d. create charts to monitor and reward behavior.
B
All of the following are factors that contribute to abuse EXCEPT a. family history of violence. b. maternal employment. c. acceptance of corporal punishment. d. inaccessible health care, day care and elder care.
B
Among females, early forced sex is associated with all of the following EXCEPT a. decreased self-esteem. b. fewer sexual partners in adulthood. c. alcohol and drug use. d. running away from home.
B
Which of the following is a common measure of the basic needs and income workers require for economic security? a. CHANCE b. BEST c. WEALTH d. ICap
B
Between 2008 and 2013, the ratio of job seekers to job openings was a. 1 to 1, meaning there was a possible job for every job seeker. b. 3 to 1, meaning there were no jobs for many job seekers. c. 1 to 2, meaning there were twice the number of jobs as job seekers. d. 1 to 1.5, meaning there were slightly more job openings than job seekers.
B
Compared with married individuals, divorced individuals have a. a higher standard of living. b. a lower standard of living. c. dramatically improved economic circumstances. d. little change in their economic circumstances.
B
Concentrated areas of poverty and poor housing are called a. neighborhoods. b. slums. c. suburbs. d. exurbs.
B
Conflict theorists point out that the difference between gambling, which is frequently illegal, and investing in the stock market is a. the amount of money involved. b. who makes the wager. c. how many people are involved. d. the motivation of the participant.
B
Corporal punishment refers to a. the withdrawal of privileges. b. the intentional infliction of pain intended to control behavior. c. patterns of psychological abuse and the withdrawal of love. d. any kind of punishment that is disapproved by society.
B
Countries with relatively high homicide rates tend to be those with a. high levels of development and standards of living. b. higher levels of income inequality and lower levels of development. c. low levels of economic inequality. d. low rates of other violent crime.
B
Couples go to divorce mediation to a. see if they can save their marriage. b. resolve issues of property division, child custody, child support, and spousal support in a cooperative way. c. learn relationship and communication skills in order to prevent divorce. d. receive psychological counseling to help them and their children emotionally cope with the divorce.
B
Crimes committed by individuals in the course of their employment are referred to as a. vice crimes b. occupational crimes c. employee crimes d. status crimes
B
Divorce education programs are a. not yet available in the U.S. b. associated with positive parenting outcomes. c. ineffective. d. required in the U.S.
B
Educational problems associated with poverty include all of the following EXCEPT a. college students graduating with substantial debt. b. overcrowded classrooms. c. limited access to computers. d. guaranteed loan programs for schools.
B
Feminist sociologists suggest that a cause of the higher arrest rates of female than male runaways is a. females are more likely than males to be emotionally affected by dysfunctional family environments. b. police with paternalistic attitudes are more likely to arrest female runaways than male runaways. c. male runaways are better able to conceal the fact that they have run away from their parents. d. male runaways are less likely than female runaways to travel outside of the community in which they live.
B
Feminists believe that the unequal distribution of power among men and women a. has virtually disappeared in the families of modern, industrialized societies. b. contributes to wife battering. c. contributes to the emotional well-being of children in the family. d. is necessary to ensure higher family incomes in modern societies.
B
Head Start and Early Head Start are assistance programs. a. food b. educational c. job training d. housing
B
Identity theft, internet fraud, and hacking are examples of a. corporate violence b. computer crime c. technology crime d. status crime
B
If a company produces toys for children that knowingly contain lead paint, it is an example of a. organized crime. b. corporate violence. c. occupational crime. d. vice crime.
B
In 2009, property crimes were highest in which region of the United States? a. Northeast b. South c. Mid-West d. West
B
In 2012, the average benefit for an individual receiving Supplemental Nutrition Assistance was a. $50 b. $133 c. $305 d. $500
B
In Hirschi's control theory, all of the following are elements of social bonds that constrain individuals from committing crimes except a. attachment to significant others. b. fear of formal punishments. c. involvement in conventional activities. d. belief in the moral standards of society
B
Josh was arrested for shoplifting. His mother was very angry and screamed at him that he would turn out just like his criminal father. If Josh does engage in further stealing, which theory does this fit? a. conflict b. labeling c. strain d. conflict
B
Juveniles account for roughly a. 5% of all arrests. b. 11% of all arrests. c. 25% of all arrests. d. 50% of all arrests.
B
Many of the poor feel powerless and unable to influence decisions in the larger society. This reflects a sense of a. anomie. b. political alienation. c. the standardization of poverty. d. ideological suffrage.
B
Medicaid a. is federally subsidized medical services and hospitalization for the elderly. b. provides medical care for the poor through reimbursements to physicians and hospitals. c. specializes in medical care for severely, chronically ill children. d. is federally subsidized food assistance for malnourished children.
B
Opponents to capital punishment argue all of the following EXCEPT a. death sentences are racially discriminatory. b. most homicide offenders consider the consequences of their actions before they commit the offense. c. since 1989, there have been 239 post-conviction exonerations using DNA evidence. d. the murder rate in the United States is higher than in many Western European nations that do not practice capital punishment.
B
Parental alienation (PA) is a. type of physical abuse. b. a controversial diagnosis. c. currently included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association. d. not a recognized condition.
B
Poverty thresholds in the United States differ by all of the following EXCEPT a. number of adults in a family. b. region of the United States. c. number of children in a family. d. age of the family head of household.
B
Restorative justice emphasizes a. the need for an adversarial criminal justice system. b. crime prevention by repairing the victim-offender-community relation. c. "getting tough on crime" by mandatory punishments. d. federal aid enabling local communities to hire more police.
B
Section 8 housing a. builds new houses for low-income families. b. attempts to disperse low-income families to properties outside low-income neighborhoods. c. includes federal rent subsidies to tenants, not landlords. d. is currently adequate to meet needs of low-income families but is projected to fail to meet future needs.
B
Some argue that changes in female criminality over the last decade are a result of a. increased gender profiling. b. increased economic marginalization. c. get-tough policies that target women. d. increased economic equality.
B
Some exceptions to the eligibility rules to receive TANF are made for all of the following EXCEPT a. individuals with disabilities. b. single parents of children under age 18. c. victims of domestic violence. d. residents of high unemployment areas.
B
Structural-functionalists attribute the high rate of divorce and single-parent households to a. the still-existing problem of male domination. b. rapid social change and social disorganization. c. change in societal definitions of divorce. d. domestic abuse that creates negative self-concepts.
B
Subcultural theories explain criminal behavior by a. the promotion of attitudes conducive to crime. b. blocked opportunities. c. family disruption. d. low educational attainment.
B
The "second shift" refers to a. overtime work of husbands to keep up with their financial expenses. b.the work involved in caring for children&household chores after coming home from the job. c. the extra work on the job that employers now demand. d. second jobs taken by underemployed workers in the labor force.
B
The Sandy Hook Elementary School killings in which 20 first grade students and six staff members were killed was an example of a. serial murder. b. mass murder. c. aggravated assault. d. acquaintance murder.
B
The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR), published annually by the FBI, contain crime data from a. victimization surveys. b. sheriff and police departments. c. self-report offender surveys. d. U.S. Census household surveys.
B
The ______ divorce rate refers to the number of divorces per 1,000 married women. a. crude b. refined c. total d. per capita
B
The federal earned income tax credit (EITC) is a refundable tax credit based on a working family's income and a. number of adults in the household. b. number of children. c. the length of time the householder has been employed. d. the presence of elderly or disabled family members.
B
The housing crisis of 2007 and 2008 resulted largely from a sharp decrease in inflated housing values and a. Obamacare. b. subprime mortgages. c. the stock market crash. d. government housing subsidies.
B
The leading cause of death in abused children is a. suffocation. b. head injury. c. infectious disease. d. heart failure.
B
The marital resiliency perspective argues a. people today seek personal happiness from their family relationships. b. poverty, violence, and delinquency are effects, not causes, of family breakdown. c. divorce provides a second chance at happiness for adults and an escape from a dysfunctional family for children. d. legal reforms should include repeal of no-fault divorce laws and require a two-year waiting period to finalize a divorce.
B
The most common form of elder abuse is a. physical abuse. b. neglect c. psychological abuse. d. financial abuse.
B
The primary cause of homelessness is a. substance abuse. b. lack of affordable housing. c. unemployment. d. domestic violence.
B
The richest 1% of adults in the world own approximately ______ of all global household wealth. a. 20% b.45% c.50% d.70%
B
The term "racial profiling" refers to the practice of a. rapists targeting victims on the basis of race. b. law enforcement targeting suspects on the basis of race. c. targeting minorities for violent crimes to instill fear in minority populations. d. sentencing criminals based on race.
B
The term ______ refers to the lack of resources that leads to hunger and physical deprivation a. socioeconomic inequality b. absolute poverty c. lower class d. relative poverty
B
The welfare reform law established a Federal Case Registry and National Directory of New Hires to a. help poor parents find jobs. b. help enforce child support by delinquent parents. c. help single mothers find affordable child care. d. offer needed job training for lower-income job candidates.
B
Victimization surveys ask a. criminal offenders how many people they have victimized. b. individuals about their experiences as crime victims. c. criminal offenders how they selected their victims. d. criminal offenders their motivations for committing violent personal crimes.
B
What portion of the world's population lives in extreme poverty? a. 1% b. 1 in 5 c. over half d. nearly 70 percent
B
Which of the following does NOT illustrate intimate partner violence? a. A female whose boyfriend threatened to use a knife on her if she broke up with him. b. A woman who cheats on her husband while he is away at work. c. A man whose wife threatened to kill him if he showed interest in another woman. d. A divorced man who threatened to forcefully rape his ex-wife.
B
Which of the following families is most likely to be poor? a. a married-couple family b. female-householder, no spouse present c. male-householder, no spouse present d. an elderly married couple
B
Which of the following is NOT an illustration of an abusive behavior by a partner according to the Abusive Behavior Inventory shown in your text? a. Preventing you from having money for your own use. b. Developing an intimate relationship with another person. c. Pressuring you to have sex in a way you didn't like or want. d. Stopping you or tried to stop you from going to work or school.
B
Which of the following terms refers to the use of privileged information by an employee of an organization that gives that employee an unfair advantage in buying, selling, and trading stocks or other securities? a. identity theft b. insider trading c. recidivism d. status offense
B
Your text mentions all of the following as factors contributing to poverty among minorities EXCEPT a. past discrimination. b. large numbers of children. c. the loss of manufacturing jobs from the inner city. d. the movement of whites and middle-class blacks out of the inner city.
B
_____ has the highest child poverty rate among industrialized countries. a. Canada b. The United States c. France d. Sweden
B
______ theory focuses on how capitalism, social class, and power influence marriages and families. a. Structural-functionalist b. Conflict c. Symbolic interactionist d. Patriarchy
B
_______ is an international agenda for reducing poverty and improving lives. a. Affordable Care b. Millennium Development Goals c. The World United d. Occupy Wall Street
B
"Means tested programs" refer to programs a. whose strategies have proved effective in assisting those in need. b. whose strategies have been reviewed and determined ethical by a government review board. c. that have eligibility requirements based on income. d. that have eligibility requirements based on tests of knowledge or skills.
C
"Secondary deviance" refers to deviant behavior that a. is committed by adults, rather than by juveniles. b. most members of society do not view as wrong or harmful. c. results from being caught and labeled as an offender. d. occurs only in industrialized societies.
C
A form of marriage that involves one husband having more than one wife is a. serial monogamy. b. polygyny. c. polyandry. d. monogamy.
C
A status offense is a criminal violation that a. is committed by someone in organized crime. b. is committed by a government official. c. can only be committed by a juvenile. d. carries no legal penalty.
C
About ____ of states have mandatory arrest policies that require police to arrest abusers, even if the victim does not want to press charges. a. 1/4 b.1/3 c.1/2 d.3/4
C
According to conflict theory, rape myths originated to serve the interests of a. children. b. single women. c. men. d. married women.
C
According to differential association theory, individuals a. internalize the criminal label when others believe they are criminal. b. become criminal when they are blocked from achieving their goals legitimately. c. learn the techniques and motivations for criminal behavior from others. d. who have internalized society's moral standards are unlikely to be criminal.
C
According to your text, poor teenage girls may be motivated to have a child a. so they can collect welfare. b. so they will have an excuse to drop out of school. c. to make a change in their lives towards something better. d. to move out of their parents' household.
C
Advocates of rehabilitation argue a. recidivism can best be reduced by placing the offender in prison so she or he is unable to commit further crimes. b. research shows incarceration deters crime. c. criminal behavior can be reduced by changing the criminal. d. incarceration is more cost effective than probation or parole.
C
All of the following are examples of corporate crime except a. security fraud. b. antitrust violations. c. embezzlement. d. price fixing.
C
All of the following have contributed to high rate of divorce in American society EXCEPT a. changing family functions. b. unequal division of labor in the family. c. increased familism. d. increased life expectancy.
C
An emotional and psychological disturbance in which children engage in exaggerated and unjustified denigration and criticism of a parent is a. divorce adjustment disorder. b. divorce fault syndrome. c. parental alienation (PA). d. child retaliation syndrome (CRS).
C
Arthur began to abuse alcohol after his business went bankrupt. Strain theory would explain his alcohol abuse as a. conformity. b. innovation. c. retreatism. d. rebellion.
C
The physical or mental injury, sexual abuse, negligent treatment, or maltreatment of a child under the age of 18 by a person who is responsible for the child's welfare is called a. corporal punishment. b. neglect. c. child abuse. d. common family violence
C
By "gender based slavery," conflict theorist Engels was referring to a. the use of female slaves to breastfeed the children of their owners. b. the division of labor among slaves, in which the males worked in the fields and females performed domestic chores for their owners. c. the division of labor in capitalism in which women do labor for which they receive neither income nor status while men leave the home to earn an income. d. the practice of selling females into prostitution.
C
Children who experience corporal punishment show all of the following EXCEPT a. more violence. b. more depression. c. more internalization of morals. d. greater withdrawal.
C
Conflict sociologists contend that the widespread belief that today's marriages are between equals a. is true for upper- and middle-class women, but not for lower-class women. b. masks a significant increase in female-domination of their husbands and the family. c. serves as a cover for male domination in intimate relationships. d. is true for families in industrialized societies but untrue in developing societies.
C
Criminal activity may be more prevalent among younger rather than older people because a. younger people are more likely to be employed. b. younger people have less mobility than older people, which increases opportunity for criminal behavior. c. juveniles are insulated from many legal penalties of criminal behavior. d. juveniles today are exposed to crime on television.
C
Half of the world's poor, as measured by the MPI, live in a. the United States. b. eastern Europe. c. South Asia. d. Central America.
C
How do inaccessible or unaffordable community services contribute to child and elder abuse? a. Expensive care entices children to work at early ages. b. Inaccessible and expensive services place a greater burden on schools where most abuse occurs. c. Social isolation and lack of supervision are two of the main outcomes of lack of affordable and accessible services. d. Elderly adults are often left in charge of young children.
C
In 2012, percent of the U.S. population lived below the poverty line. a. 4.5 b. 8.5 c. 15 d. 20.1
C
In 2012, the wealthiest one percent of U.S. households earned more than percent of the nation's income. a. 5 b. 7 c. 20 d. 60
C
In recent years the homeless have a. been more likely to find government sponsored housing. b. spending as much time as possible in city homeless shelters. c. faced an increased number of unprovoked violent attacks. d. been more likely to be homeless because they did not want to work at the jobs that were available.
C
In the U.S. in 2012, _____ of all children are born out of wedlock. a. 10% b. 20%. c. 40%. d. 60%
C
In violent parental abuse, a. more violence is directed against fathers than mothers. b. daughters tend to be more violent than sons toward their parents. c. the parents usually had been violent toward the children. d. all siblings tend to be violent toward their parents.
C
Lauri and Ben both work full-time but their annual income is just above the poverty line. They represent those considered a. median income poor. b. income challenged. c. near-poor. d. relatively poor.
C
Most perpetrators of elder abuse are a. nursing home caregivers. b. spouses. c. adult children. d. non-kin caregivers in the home.
C
One of the four core functions of Interpol is to a. subdue and arrest individuals engaged in transnational crime. b. operate a worldwide police communication network. c. arrest and punish transnational organized crime organizations. d. advise countries in the development of international law conventions.
C
Perpetrators of child abuse are most often a. non-kin babysitters or nannies. b. cohabitating boyfriends of the mother. c. parents of the victim. d. kin caretakers other than parents.
C
Poorer countries are more likely than wealthier countries to a. promote equality of opportunity. b. ensure equal access to education. c. experience civil war. d. have government programs to help the homeless.
C
Public housing in the United States dates back to which decade? a.1820s b.1880s c.1930s. d.1960s
C
Strain theory suggests that criminal activity is more prevalent among individuals in their teens and early 20s because younger individuals a. have fewer attachments to others. b. are influenced by the deviant youth subculture. c. have less access to legitimate means for acquiring material goods. d. are unaware of the law.
C
The 1996 federal welfare reform legislation set a lifetime limit of _____ for families receiving TANF. a. 1 year b. 2 years c. 5 years d. 10yrs
C
The FBI identifies all of the following as "index offenses" except a. forcible rape. b. robbery. c. drug use. d. arson.
C
The FBI identifies eight_________ as the most serious crimes in the United States. These are also called street crimes. a. vice crimes b. status offenses c. index offenses d. misdemeanors
C
The Multidimensional Poverty Index includes all of the following measures of deprivation EXCEPT a. deprivation of health. b. deprivation of education. c. deprivation of affection. d. deprivation in standard of living.
C
The United States poverty line is calculated as a. the average cost of food, shelter, and transportation. b. 2 times the average cost of food and shelter. c. 3 times the minimum cost of an adequate diet. d. 4 times the average cost of an adequate diet
C
The federal minimum wage is ____ an hour. a. $5.85 b. $6.35 c. $7.25 d. $15.00
C
The higher homicide rate in the South is linked to all of the following EXCEPT a. high rates of poverty. b. high urban populations. c. a southern "subculture of violence." d. higher rates of gun ownership.
C
The main purpose of marriage today is to a. be viewed as an adult by the rest of society. b. have and raise children. c. provide adult intimacy and companionship. d. provide financial security.
C
The purpose of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is to reduce by half a. the number of people in the United States who receive government assistance. b. worldwide population growth. c. the proportion of people who live in severe poverty and who suffer from hunger. d. the world's orphaned children who lack adult caretakers.
C
The research finding that retaliatory homicide is a response to group norms of violence in some neighborhoods supports _______ theory. a. strain b. control c. subcultural d. labeling
C
The single best predictor of gun ownership is a. political party. b. income. c. gender. d. education level.
C
The study by Paul Amato and colleagues (reported in "Social Problems Close Up") found that marital satisfaction _____ between 1980 and 2000. a. increased dramatically b. increased slightly c. did not change d. decreased slightly
C
The term "patriarchy" refers to which of the following? a. fatherless homes b. the practice of granting fathers sick leave upon the birth of their child c. traditional male domination of families d. single parent homes in which the father has custody of his children
C
The working poor are individuals who spend at least ____ weeks a year in the labor force but who's income falls below the poverty level. a. 8 b. 16 c. 27 d. 42
C
Tom was released from prison before the completion of his sentence but remained under supervision. Which term does this example illustrate? a. probation b. recidivism c. parole d. incapacitation
C
Under the federal 1996 federal welfare reform legislation, able-bodied individuals who are aged 18-50 without dependents a. can receive TANF up to a maximum of 10 years during their lifetime. b. can receive TANF up to a maximum of 5 years during their lifetime. c. can receive TANF up to a maximum of 2 years during their lifetime. d. are not eligible to receive TANF.
C
Vice crimes are illegal activities that a. most of the public do not believe are morally wrong. b. include the legal requirement of malicious intent. c. are victimless in that they have no complaining party. d. people engage in for recreation or sex, not profit.
C
Victimization surveys indicate that, in 2011, there were approximately how many violent crimes? a. 1 million b. 2 million c. 6 million d. 23 million
C
Victims of crime are disproportionately a. young white females b. older white females c. young minority males d. older white males
C
Victims of homicide are more likely to be a. female. b. elderly. c. young. d. non-Hispanic white.
C
What percent of couples marrying today lived together before their marriage? a. 10 b. 40 c. 60 d. 85
C
What portion of U.S. children are likely to experience poverty for at least part of their childhood? a. 5 percent b. 10 percent c. one third d. over one half
C
Which of the following is almost exclusively perpetrated by women against a male partner? a. intimate terrorism b. common couple violence c. violent resistance d. mutual violent control
C
Which of the following is an example of a transnational crime? a. A father who lost custody of his child abducts the child and takes him or her to another country. b. A citizen of Mexico illegally crosses the U.S. border in search of employment. c. An international child pornography ring offers online videos of children being sexually abused. d. A U.S. criminal flees to South America to avoid arrest and criminal prosecution.
C
Which of the following is an example of corporate welfare? a. a large corporation donates money to a homeless shelter b. severance pay and unemployment insurance c. low-interest government loans, subsidies, and tax breaks to corporations d. employee assistance programs
C
Which of the following is an example of occupational crime? a. price fixing b. antitrust violations c. pilferage d. security fraud
C
Which of the following is classified as a violent crime? a. arson b. larceny c. robbery d.burglary
C
Which of the following perspectives is most likely to study how definitions of the poor as lazy and irresponsible are related to support for assistance programs? a. Structural-functionalism b. Conflict Theory c. Symbolic Interactionism d. Feminist Theory
C
Which of the following sociological evidence has been cited in favor of the death penalty? a. The murder rate in the United States is less than in most countries that do not allow executions. b. Most homicides are rationally planned by the offenders. c. Evidence exists that each execution in the United States results in eight fewer homicides. d. Evidence shows death sentences are not racially discriminatory.
C
Which sociological perspective is most likely to focus on the labels attached to different groups of people based on their socioeconomic position? a. Structural-functionalism b. Conflict Theory c. Symbolic Interactionism d. Feminist Theory
C
Which type of male perpetrator of intimate partner violence is likely to suffer from deep fears of abandonment? a. psychopathic b. hostile c. borderline d. traumatic
C
Within _____ of receiving benefits, adult recipients of TANF must either be employed or involved in work-related activities, such as on-the-job-training, job search, and vocational education. a. 6 months b. 1 year c. 2 years d. 5 years
C
Your text's photo essay about lack of clean water among the world's poor suggests that a. the best way to remedy the situation is privatization of public services in poor countries. b. lack of clean water is a minor health problem that affects few people in the world. c. lack of clean water and sanitation facilities is a major cause of disease and death. d. lack of water places more of a burden on the men than women in poor countries.
C
______ lifts more children out of poverty than any other U.S. government program. a. Supplemental Security Income b. TANF c. The Earned Income Tax Credit d. Child support enforcement
C
A common working definition of "low income" households is households with incomes that are between _______ percent of the federal poverty line. a. 10 and 20 b. 30 and 50 c. 75 and 100 d. 100 and 200
D
A minority female suffered so much discrimination in her struggle to achieve her goals, she gave up her goals for personal wealth and became a social activist opposing the materialism of American society. According to strain theory, her actions illustrate a. conformity. b. innovation. c. retreatism. d. rebellion.
D
About ______ percent of the victims of human trafficking are women and girls. a. 10% b. 25% c. 50% d. 80%
D
All of the following are true about crime throughout the world except a. There is no country where crime does not exist. b. Most countries have police, courts, and prisons. c. Worldwide, adult males make up the largest category of crime suspects. d. Violent crime is a relatively common event in all countries.
D
Americans living in households with income below 50 percent of the poverty line are considered to be in a. a. challenging poverty. b. lower poverty. c. multidimensional poverty. d. deep poverty.
D
An American who accepts a lifestyle of hard work but rejects the cultural goal of monetary rewards is engaged in a. conformity. b. innovation. c. retreatism. d. ritualism.
D
An example of corporate violence is a. an employee who murders another employee. b. an employee who embezzles at least $100,000 from a corporation. c. the unlawful exchange of corporate stock information. d. intentional violations of health, safety, and environmental regulations.
D
Compared to traditional crime organizations, transnational crime organizations a. are more hierarchically arranged. b. are more likely to operate through legitimate businesses. c. tend to concentrate on only one type of crime, narcotics. d. pose a threat to national security.
D
Due to shortcomings of the data, are doing. a. self-report offender surveys b. self-report arrest and release surveys c. official crime statistics d. victimization surveys
D
Emotional abuse can include all of the following EXCEPT. a. withholding physical contact b. controlling a person's behavior c. isolating someone from friends and family d. forced sex
D
Feminist criminology focuses on all of the following EXCEPT a. the relationship between women's subordinate position in society and their criminal behavior. b. the relationship between women's subordinate position in society and their crime victimization. c. public policy changes that can help reduce female victimization. d. crimes that women commit against other women.
D
Historically, the penalties for rape were base on ______ laws. a. human rights b. domestic relations c. criminal d. property rights
D
How many American states recognize marital rape as a crime? a. none b. 20 c. 35 d. 50
D
In 2009 a Chinese court sentenced two men to death and one to life in prison for knowingly endangering public safety by producing and selling contaminated dairy products. The actions of these men is considered a. a vice crime b. a status crime c. an occupational crime d. corporate violence
D
In 2010, the average household income for whites was the average for black and Hispanic households. a. slightly less than b. about equal to c. slightly more than d. about twice
D
In 2011, approximately _______of households were food insecure at some point during the year. a. 2% b. 5% c. 11% d. 15%
D
In U.S. society, people are most likely to be assaulted, abused, neglected, molested or killed a. by a stranger b. in their home, by a family member c. outside of the home d. by a friend
D
In the United States, _______ percent of parents of toddlers report using corporal punishment. a. less than 10 b. about 30 c. about 50 d. more than 90
D
In what portion of female rape or sexual assault cases is the offender an intimate partner, family member, or friend or acquaintance? a. about 10 percent b. slightly less than one quarter c. just over half d. about 8 in 10
D
Intimate partner violence results in all of the following EXCEPT a. higher rates of miscarriage and birth defects. b. interference with women's employment. c. loss of economic resources and homelessness among women. d. more egalitarian relationships
D
It is difficult to estimate the frequency and nature of arson because of the legal requirement of a. premeditation. b. total damage to a property structure. c. nonmovable property. d.maliciousness.
D
Janie and Harry were arguing over a minor traffic accident in which Janie was involved. Harry got so angry because Janie would not admit that the accident was her fault, he slapped her. This scenario illustrates which of the following four patterns of intimate partner violence? a. mutual violent control b. intimate terrorism c. violent resistance d. common couple violence
D
Living wage laws require state or municipal contractors, recipients of public subsidies or tax breaks, or, in some cases, businesses to pay employees a. overtime wages if they work over 40 hours per week. b. wages below the federal minimum wage for disabled workers. c. wages below the federal minimum wage for legal immigrants with work visas. d. wages significantly above the federal minimum, enabling families to live above the poverty line.
D
Many mental health professionals and child development specialists argue corporal punishment is a. the most effective way to socialize all children. b. an effective way to socialize most children, but ineffective for babies or children with disabilities. c. an ineffective way to socialize most children, but effective for children with violent tendencies. d. ineffective and damaging to children.
D
Research findings show that businesses that pay their employees a living wage have a. higher worker turnover. b. higher training costs. c. lower productivity. d. a stronger consumer market.
D
Research suggests that more than ________ of Americans between the ages of 20 and 75 will spend at least 1 year in poverty. a. 1/5 b. 1/4 c. 1/3 d. 1/2
D
Self-report surveys reveal that a. most adults have never engaged in any type of criminal activity. b. about 25% of adults have engaged in some type of criminal activity. c. about 50% of adults have engaged in some type of criminal activity. d. virtually every adult has engaged in some type of criminal activity.
D
The 2013 poverty threshold for a family with two adults and two children was about a. $11,000. b. $23,000. c. $35,000. d. $58,000.
D
The United States has a higher proportion of out-of-wedlock births than a. Iceland. b. Norway. c. the United Kingdom. d. Japan.
D
________ occurs when a caregiver shakes a baby to the point of causing the child to experience brain or retinal hemorrhage, most often in response to a young baby who will not stop crying. a. Neglect b. Juvenile hemorrhage disorder c. Oppositional baby response d. Shaken baby syndrome
D
___________ is the failure of a child's caregiver to provide food, adequate attention and supervision, or medical care a. Abuse b. PTSD c. Child harassment d. Neglect
D