Conversion Factors
Decomposition reactions
a reaction in which a single compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substances 2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2
negative regulation
a repressor protein binds to an operator to prevent a gene from being expressed
personnel or personel
personnel
atomic mass
The average mass of all the isotopes of an element
maintnance or maintenance
maintenance
Pie chart
shows parts of a whole
Vivariums, common in elementary school classrooms, are enclosed spaces designed to replicate a particular habitat. Which of the following is part of the predicate in the sentence? -are enclosed spaces -vivariums -elementary school classrooms -common in
are enclosed spaces Correct The predicate includes the main verb of the sentence.
the reflexive pronouns are:
are words ending in -self or -selves that are used when the subject and the object of a sentence are the same (e.g., I believe in myself). ... The nine English reflexive pronouns are myself, yourself, himself, herself, oneself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves
argument or argumment
argument
proceed or proced
proceed begin or continue a course of action. "we can proceed with our investigation"
publiclly or publicly
publicly
Molecule
A group of atoms bonded together
Area of a square
A=s²
Area of a circle
A=πr²
arrhythmia
Abnormal heart rhythm
Which of the following Mendellian laws describes how pairs of alleles within genes separate and recombine separately from other genes? A. law of segregation B. law of independent assortment C. law of predictive traits D. Law of dominance
B. law of independent assortment Feedback is correct. Mendel's law of independent assortment, his second law of heredity, expands on the law of segregation by stipulating that alleles which separate in the gamete stage do so independently of other genes.
Conversion from Fahrenheit to Celsius
C=5/9(F-32)
Percentage change for original amount:
Original amount= amount of change/percent change
Osmosis
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
lining cells:
Flattened bone cells that come from osteoblasts flattened osteoblasts that protect the bone and balance calcium levels
Heterozygous
An organism that has two different alleles for a trait
Isotopes
Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
unique:
Unique is an ultimate superlative; it should not be preceded by adverbs like very or extremely. (The experience was unique.)
Volume of a right rectangular prism
V = lwh
laceration
a cut, tear
homogeneous mixture
a mixture that is uniform in composition; components are evenly distributed and not easily distinguished
van der Waals forces
a slight attraction that develops between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules
verbs conjugated in Continuous tense describe:
an ongoing action.
millennium or milenium
millennium
what is plural of binoculars?
binoculars
intermolecular bonds
chemical bonds between molecules
Base
chemical species that donates electrons, accepts protons, or releases hydroxide (OH-) ions in aqueous solution.
forebrain:
holds the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus
ate/eight
homphone
license or lisence
license
Mixture
material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined
solid to liquid:
melting
osteoclasts:
bone cells that break down bone tissue
How many miles is one kilometre?
0.621 mile
concious or conscious
conscious
disipline or discipline
discipline
gas to solid:
deposition
Dyspnea
difficulty breathing
Disphagia
difficulty swallowing
How many l is one gal?
3.785 l.
What is sum of the exterior angles for any polygon?
360 degrees
Promoter
A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.
what is plural of scissors?
scissors
sincerely or cinserely
sincerely
superside or supersede
supersede
Sulci (sulcus)
~shallow grooves separating the gyri ~ Divides the cerebral hemispheres into lobes valleys in the brain
What determines whether the graph of an inequality is a solid or dashed line?
If the inequality is > or <, the line will be solid. If the inequality is either < or >, the line will be dashed.
Natural Numbers
The set of numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, ... Also called counting numbers.
electron configuration notation
written with numbers/letters (1s2 2s2 2p6...)
How many mL are 1 cm3
1 mL
Which of the following has the greatest numeric value? −4(3)(−2) −16 − 17 + 31 18 − 15 + 27 −20 + 10 + 10
18 − 15 + 27 Correct The answer choices simplify to 24, −2, 30, and 0. Answer choice C, 30, is the greatest value for all of the responses.
homographs rose
(a flower/to move upward)
homographs novel
(a piece of fiction/something new)
homographs bank
(a place to store money/the side of a river/a stockpile)
Which of the following is the slope of the graph below? ∞ non-existent 0 1
0 Correct The slope of a horizontal line is zero because the change in y is zero.
Gradualism
A proposed explanation in evolutionary biology stating that new species arise from the result of slight modifications (mutations and resulting phenotypic changes) over many generations.
what is the definition of a function?
A relationship where each input value has only one output value
Plasmid
A small ring of DNA that carries accessory genes separate from those of the bacterial chromosome
Though it was hard to loose the match, I accepted my opponent's victory and gave her a compliment on her performance. Which of the following words is misspelled in the sentence? A. loose B. accepted C. victory D. compliment
A. loose Explanation:Loose should be spelled lose.
area if a triangle
A=1/2(B x h)
Area of a trapezoid
A=1/2h(b1+b2) or b1+b2/2(h)
Area of a rectangle
A=lw
Sessile
An organism that does not move. It remains attached to one place.
parthenogenesis
Asexual reproduction in which females produce offspring from unfertilized eggs.
Unlike a traditional comic book, a graphic novel is released as one single publication, either in the form of one long story or an anthology. Which of the following is an appropriate synonym for traditional as it is used in the sentence? A) old-fashioned B) conventional C) expensive D) popular
B) conventional Correct Conventional best describes the idea that comic books have an established narrative framework, a main point in the sentence.
A chemical experiment requires that a solute be diluted with 4 parts (by mass) water for every 1 part (by mass) solute. If the desired mass for the solution is 90 grams, how many grams of solute should be used? A. 15 grams B. 16.5 grams C. 18 grams D. 22.5 grams
C. 18 grams Feedback The ratio of solute to solution is 1:5. Write a proportion and solve. 1/5=X/90 90/5=18
According to electron theory, which of the following is the maximum number of bonds a carbon atom can have? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5.
C. 4 Feedback Carbon has four valence electrons, which means it is able to form 4 bonds with other atoms
Which of the following sets of numbers is listed in order from least to greatest? A) -0.95, 0, 2/5, 0.35, 3/4 B) -1, -1/10, -0.11, 5/6, 0.75 C) -3/4, -0.2, 0, 2/3, 0.55 D) -1.1, -4/5, -0.13, 0.7, 9/11
D) -1.1, -4/5, -0.13, 0.7, 9/11
Nucleic acids
DNA and RNA
fewer, less:
Fewer is used with a countable noun; less is used with a noncountable noun. (Fewer parents are experiencing stress since the new teacher was hired. Parents are experiencing less stress since the new teacher was hired.)
English words and phrases to math translation: less, fewer, how much more, difference, decreased
Math translation: -
English words and phrases to math translation: is, will be, yield, amounts to, equal
Math translation: =
FIND THE ERROR: I ate so much food on Thanksgiving that my stomach was literally bursting at the seams.
Since human stomachs do not have seams like clothing or cloth toys, this sentence describes an impossible (and horrifying) scenario. Deleting the word literally would make it clear that the writer is using the term "bursting at the seams" figuratively.
When collective nouns function as antecedents, the pronoun choice will be singular or plural depending on the function of the collective.
The audience was cheering as it rose to its feet in unison. Our family are spending their vacations in Maine, Hawaii, and Rome.
main idea
The author's central thought; the chief topic of a text expressed or implied in a word or phrase; the topic sentence of a paragraph.
Some adjectives and adverbs form irregular comparatives and superlatives (see Table 11.5).
The weather is bad. Comparative: The weather is worse than yesterday. Superlative: The weather was the worst on Monday when it rained.
believe or belive
believe
luteinizing hormone (LH)
causes ovulation; stimulates the secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum; causes the secretion of testosterone in the testes Causes the egg to be released into the fallopian tubes during ovulation.
polyatomic ions
ions made up of more than one atom
loneliness or lonelines
loneliness
what is plural of man?
men
misspell or misspel
misspell
noticeable or noticable
noticeable
noun phrase
noun phrases include the noun and all its modifiers, as in "the big red bouncy ball" Example: The big, red barn rests beside the vacant chicken house.
What kind of angle is larger than 90°?
obtuse
hematopoiesis:
production of red blood cells that occurs in the bone marrow
questionnaire or questionaire
questionnaire
Bar graph
shows relationship between a continous variable and data in categories
Scatter plot
shows relationships between two continuous variables
Epididymis function
site of sperm maturation and storage
A number of variables affect the rate of reaction, including
temperature, pressure, concentration, and surface area
Which quadrilateral has exactly one pair of parallel sides?
trapezoid
homographs compound
(to mix/an enclosed area that includes a building or group of buildings)
what are the three types of scientific investigations?
-experimental -descriptive -comparative
How many kg are 1 lb
0.454 kg
Meg rolled a 6-sided die 4 times, and her first 3 rolls were 1, 3, and 5. If the average of the 4 rolls is 2.5, which of the following was the value of the 4th roll? 1 2 3 5
1 Correct The mean is equal to the sum of the results divided by the number of results:1 + 3 + 5 + x = 10x = 1
How many cm is one in?
2.54 cm
physical properties
A characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance
What is a histogram?
A histogram plots the frequency of quantitative data with number ranges grouped together.
hole/whole
A hole is a cavity or hollow place. Whole means "entire or complete."
Solution
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
calcitriol
A hormone produced from vitamin D in kidneys that acts in essentially the same manner as parathyroid hormone.
Pinocytosis
A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.
fragment
A word, phrase, or clause that does not form a full sentence To fix a fragment, an independent clause needs to be created. Fragment (phrase): The girl in my class who asks a lot of questions. Correct: The girl in my class who asks a lot of questions sits in the back row. Fragment (dependent clause): Because of the big storm we had last weekend. Correct: Because of the big storm we had last weekend, the park will be closed.
A rectangular field has area of 1452 square feet. If the length is three times the width, which of the following is the width of the field? A) 22 feet B) 44 feet C) 242 feet D) 1452 feet
A) 22 feet Correct The area of a rectangle is length × width, so A = 3w(w). The area was given, so 1452 = 3w2 Solving for w: 484 = w2 and L = ±22. Since width must be positive, w = 22 feet.
Which of the following electrically signals the heart to pump? A) sinoatrial node B) aorta C) mitral valve D) left ventricle
A) sinoatrial node
Which of the following is the name for the state of constant muscle contraction caused by rapid successive nerve signals? A. tetanus B. muscle tone C. temporal summation D. hypotony
A. tetanus Feedback Muscular tetanus, or tetanic contractions, occurs when nerves are repeatedly stimulated and creates a steady state of contraction.
amount, number:
Amount is used for noncountable sums; number is used with countable nouns.
Percentage change for amount of change:
Amount of change= original amount X percent change
Autosome
Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
Which of the following is the location of fertilization in the female? A) uterus B) fallopian tube C) endometrium D) ovary
B) fallopian tube Correct A released ovum stays in the fallopian tube for approximately 24 hours. If sperm have not migrated up the tubes to fertilize the egg, then it moves through the uterus; if fertilization does occur, it stays in the tube for several more days as it moves to the uterus for implantation.
A team of investigators wants to address the question, "which genes within the hippocampus are altered in the context of depression?" Their methods are focused around large-scale genetic screening of as many genes as possible throughout the genome. Which of the following best describes this type of investigation? A) hypothesis-driven B) hypothesis-seeking C) double-blind study D) a model
B) hypothesis-seeking Correct This hypothetical investigation would be hypothesis-seeking, as the team hopes to generate potential target genes to guide subsequent experiments.
In an algebraic equation m represents a car's average mileage in miles per gallon, p represents the price of gas in dollars per gallon, and d represents a distance in miles. Which algebraic equation represents the cost (c) of gas per mile? A. C=dp/m B. C=p/m C. C=mp/d D. C=m/p
B. C=p/m Feedback The cost per mile is represented by cost per gallon divided by miles per gallon.
What is the missing product in the following combustion reaction? C10H8 + 12O2 → H2O + ____ A) CO B) CH4 C) CO2 D) C2H3O2
C) CO2 Correct All combustion reactions produce H2O and CO2, so the missing product is CO2.
Which of the following is NOT a tissue layer found in skeletal bone? A) periosteum B) bone marrow C) enamel D) cancellous bone
C) enamel Correct Enamel is a tissue found in teeth, but not skeletal bones.
A car dealership's commercials claim that this year's models are 20% off the list price, plus they will pay the first 3 monthly payments. If a car is listed for $26,580, and the monthly payments are set at $250, which of the following is the total potential savings? A. $1,282 B. $5,566 C. $6,066 D. $20,514
C. $6,066 Explanation:First calculate 20% of the list price: 0.20 × $26,580 = $5,316 Next calculate the savings over the first 3 months of payments: 3 months × $250/month = $750 Find the total savings: $5316 + $750 = $6,066
A faucet is leaking 1 drop every 4 seconds. If 1 gallon is equal to 15,140 drops, which of the following lengths of time will it take for this faucet to leak 1 gallon of water? A. 1 hour, 3 minutes, 5 seconds B. 4 hours, 12 minutes, 20 seconds C. 16 hours, 49 minutes, 20 seconds D. 18 hours, 24 minutes, 5 seconds
C. 16 hours, 49 minutes, 20 seconds Explanation:First convert 15,140 drops to seconds using the ratio given: 15,140 drops × 4 sec/drop 1 drop = 60,560 sec. Now convert seconds to hours: 60,560 sec.×1 min/60 sec. × 1 hr/60 min. = 16.82 hr. Convert the remainder of hours back to minutes and seconds: 0.82 hr. × 60 min/1 hr. = 49.3 min. 0.3 min. × 60 sec/1 min. = 20 sec. 16 hours, 49 minutes, 20 seconds
There are 380 female students in a class. Male students make up 60% of the class. What is the total number of students in the class? A. 570 B. 633 C. 950 D. 2,280
C. 950 Feedback If 60% of the students are male, then 40% of the students are female. Create a proportion and solve. 380/.40=950
What will happen to the pH of a nitric acid solution that is diluted by a factor of ten? A. The pH will go up ten units. B. The pH will go down ten units. C. The pH will go up one unit. D. The pH will go down one unit.
C. The pH will go up one unit. Feedback The pH will go up one unit because the proton concentration will go down by a factor of 10 (pH = −log[H + ]).
Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system in humans? A. to exchange gas B. to produce sound and speech C. to distribute oxygen to the rest of the body D. to remove particles from the air.
C. to distribute oxygen to the rest of the body. Feedback The cardiovascular system distributes oxygen to the rest of the body.
proper noun and common noun, difference?
Common nouns name any person, place, thing, or idea. They are not capitalized unless they come at the beginning of a sentence. Proper nouns are the names of specific people, places, things, or ideas.
Because English does not have a non gendered singular pronoun, it's common in everyday speech to treat they or their as singular:
Common usage: Every student should check their homework before turning it in. Because this usage is controversial, on tests it's important to use the technically correct response: Technically correct: Every student should check his or her homework before turning it in.
Which of the following is NOT a strong acid? A) HClO3 B) HClO4 C) HNO3 D) HNO2
D) HNO2 Correct HNO2 is not a strong acid. All the other choices are strong acids.
he found it inconceivable that his partner had leapt to the wrong conclusion regarding the capital they had alloted to the project. which of the following words is misspelled in the sentence above? A) inconceivable B) leapt C) capital D) alloted
D) alloted It should be allotted
First and foremost, they receive an annual pension payment. The amount of the pension has been reviewed and changed a number of times, most recently to reflect the salary of a high-level government executive. Which of the following would NOT be an acceptable way to revise and combine the underlined portion of the sentences above? A) annual pension payment, the amount of which B) annual pension payment; the amount of the pension C) annual pension payment; over the years since 1958, the amount of the pension D) annual pension payment, the amount of the pension
D) annual pension payment, the amount of the pension Correct This choice creates a comma splice.
Which of the following is NOT considered a nonspecific defense of the innate immune system? A) the skin B) inflammation C) antimicrobial peptides D) antibody production
D) antibody production
The American Academy of Arts and Sciences includes members whose topics of study span many disciplines such as math, science, arts, humanities, public affairs, and business. Which of the following is an appropriate synonym for disciplines as it is used in the sentence? A) locations B) regions C) punishments D) fields
D) fields Correct Fields best describes the idea that members study many different areas of knowledge; furthermore, the word field may refer to something intangible. There are many topics of study in many fields, or disciplines.
FIND THE ERROR: I was full after eating a big breakfast, so I ate a huge midmorning snack and a gigantic lunch.
FIND THE ERROR: I was full after eating a big breakfast, so I ate a huge midmorning snack and a gigantic lunch. The coordinating conjunction so does not make sense in this compound sentence. Substituting yet or but for so would clarify the writer's meaning. Alternatively, the sentence could be rewritten as follows: Even though I was full after eating a big breakfast, I ate a huge midmorning snack and a gigantic lunch.
Based on the pattern in the headings, which of the following is a reasonable heading to insert in the blank spot? Chapter 3. Emotions and the Central Nervous System 3A. Involuntary Physical Symptoms of Emotion a) Flushing b) ________ c) Vocal Changes 3B. Voluntary Physical Response to Emotion 3C. Conscious Control of Emotions -Facial Expressions -Happiness -Emotions and Central Nervous System Disorders -The Cerebral Cortex
Facial Expressions Correct Only "Facial Expressions" fits with the other subheadings under the category "Involuntary Physical Symptoms of Emotion."
Based on the pattern in the headings, which of the following is a reasonable heading to insert in the blank spot? I .Types of Teas A. Black Tea 1) Assam 2) Darjeeling 3) Ceylon B. ________ C. White Tea -Green Tea -Iced Tea -Cold-Brew Tea -Chai Tea
Green Tea Correct Only Green Tea fits the pattern of headings that describe categories of tea based on color.
every day, everyday:
If something happens daily, it happens every day (two words), not everyday. If something is ordinary, it is everyday. Every day is an indefinite adjective modifying a noun; everyday is a one-word adjective implying frequent occurrence. (Our visit to the Minnesota State Fair is an everyday activity during August.)
In sentences with multiple prepositional phrases in a parallel series, the preposition must be repeated unless the same preposition begins each phrase.
Incorrect: You can park your car in the garage, the carport, or on the street. Correct: You can park your car in the garage, in the carport, or on the street.
G0 - Growth Phase 0
It is at rest mature cells no longer undergo mitotic cell division
Technical writing
It is the practice of documenting processes, such as software manuals or instructional materials. Traditionally, it was limited to user manuals of some sort. Frankly, this definition has become outdated. Technology moves quickly, and lexicographers are often left playing catch up..
signals words of supporting details
List some signal words that can introduce supporting details. First, second, next, also, and, another, Numbers (1,2,3) and letters(a,b,c); Information introduced by the phrases "for example" and "to illustrate" or "for instance" in addition, and moreover."
English words and phrases to math translation: y is at most (or no more than) x
Math translation: y ≤ x
English words and phrases to math translation: y is at least (or no less than) x
Math translation: y ≥ x
English words and phrases to math translation: distribute, share, per, out of, the quotient of, the radio of
Math translation: ÷ The quotient of a number and seven: x / 7
English words and phrases to math translation: opposite of X
Math translation: translation:-X
Law of Conservation of Matter
Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change
irrational numbers
Numbers that cannot be expressed as a ratio of two integers. Their decimal expansions are nonending and nonrepeating.
A store charges a 40% markup on the shoes it sells. How much did the store pay for a pair of shoes purchased by a customer for $63?
On is solving for the original price, but it is going to be tricky because one do not know the amount of change; one only know the new price. To solve, it is necessary to create an expression for the amount of change: If original amount= X The mount of change= 63-X Now one can plug these values into the equation: original amount=amount of change/percent change X=63-X/0.4 The last step is to salve for X: 0.4X=63-X 1.4X=63 X=63/1.4 X=45 The store paid $45 for the shoes.
A symmetric or skewed distribution may have peaks, or sets of data points that appear more frequently. A unimodal distribution has:
One peack
Will an outlier have the biggest effect on the value of the mean, median, or mode?
Outliers affect mean by shifting it away from the median. Outliers do not affect mode.
Elements in Groups 13 to 18 (defined as the p-block) have valence electrons in their______________________. These groups (with the exception of the noble gases) are very reactive.
P-orbitals
Perimeter of a rectangle
P=2l+2w
Critical point on phase diagram
Point on the boiling/condensing line that marks where a substance will only exist as a gas if it continues This point is found along the phase boundary between liquid and gas, and is the point at which the phase boundary terminates. This represents the fact that at very high temperature and pressure, liquid and gas phases become indistinguishable. This is known as a supercritical fluid.
Make the graph X<2 OR x>6
See the image
what is the formula for finding slope?
See the image
Chromatin
Substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones
homophones suite and sweet
Suite may mean a set of connected rooms that form one unit, such as in a hotel or a set of matching furniture. Suite may also mean a group of attendants for a high-ranking person, a set of coordinated computer programs or selected musical works arranged to be performed as one instrumental work. Sweet is one of the four basic tastes experienced by the human tongue, sweet is the type of taste produced by sugar or honey
Negative feedbacks
The action of internal response mechanisms that restores a system to a desired state, or set point, when the system deviates from that state.
FIND THE ERROR Lidia does not agree with this president's policies, so she could care less if his approval rating drops even lower in the polls.
The correct expression is, "could not care less." "Could care less" is incorrect- it conveys the opposite meaning from the one intended
London dispersion forces
The intermolecular attractions resulting from the constant motion of electrons and the creation of instantaneous dipoles The London dispersion force is a temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles. This force is sometimes called an induced dipole-induced dipole attraction. London dispersion forces are the only forces that exist between noble gas atoms; without these forces, noble gases would not be able to liquefy.
cerebrum
The largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary movement, language, learning, and memory
Mantle
The layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core.
homophones pain/pane
The noun pain refers to physical suffering or the feeling of discomfort or distress. EX: Do you suffer acute back pain? He was screaming with pain. As a verb, pain means to cause hurt or distress. Ex. My foot is still paining me. The noun pane means a single piece, panel, or sheet (as of glass). Ex: Who has smashed the pane in the window?Clean the window pane.
homophones sole and soul
The noun sole refers to the underside of a foot or shoe or to a kind of flatfish. The adjective sole means single, solitary, or the only one. The noun soul refers to spirit, a vital principle, the spiritual nature of humans.
comma splice
Two sentences joined incorrectly by a comma instead of a conjunction, period, or semicolon. Comma splice: My family eats turkey at Thanksgiving, we eat ham at Christmas. Correct: My family eats turkey at Thanksgiving, and we eat ham at Christmas. Correct: My family eats turkey at Thanksgiving. We eat ham at Christmas. Correct: My family eats turkey at Thanksgiving; we eat ham at Christmas.
Elements with exactly eight electrons (the noble gases), are almost completely ______________________.
Unreactive
Volume of a sphere
V=4/3πr³
Volume of a cylinder
V=πr²h
The name of mayor holidays should be capitalized, the word day is only capitalized if it is part of the holiday's name. Correct the error: We always go to a parade on Memorial Day, but Christmas Day we stay home.
We always go to a parade on Memorial Day, but Christmas day we stay home.
homophones wear and where
Where can be a adverb, conjunction, or pronoun. It has to do with directions. Were is a verb and the past tense of be. Wear is also a verb, but has to do with clothes or fatigue.
Emphysema
a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness.
Neurons typically have one long, thick axon that transmits signals away from the neuron. a connection between two neurons an electrical impulse that is transported down a neuron in response to a stimulus an imbalanced electrical charge that exists in an inactive nerve cell a chemical signal between two nerve cells
a connection between two neurons Correct An action potential is the quick rise and fall of the electrical potential in a neuron.
periosteum:
a dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints. outermost membrane of bone
Epistasis
a gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus. some genes may inhibit the expression of other genes
The colon (:) is used to introduce:
a list, definition, or clarification. The clause preceding the colon has to be independent, but what follows the colon can be an independent clause, a dependent clause, or a phrase. The buffet offers three choices: ham, turkey, or roast beef. He decided to drive instead of taking the train: he didn't think the train would arrive in time.
homographs
a word of the same spelling another but different pronunciation and meaning
blinding
any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups
experimental investigation
are designed to test a hypothesis which is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon based on observations or previous research. In an experimental investigation an independent variable is manipulated, and the dependent variable is measured. other factors that might affect the dependent variable, called controlled variables, are held constant through the experiment.
metalloids or semimetals
are elements that possess both metal and nonmetal characteristics. For example, some metalloids are shiny but do not conduct electricity well. Many metalloids are semiconductors. Metalloids are located between the metals and nonmetals on the periodic table. Some examples of metalloids are boron (B), silicon (Si), and arsenic (As). Semimetals or metalloids are chemical elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals. Metalloids are important semiconductors, often used in computers and other electronic devices. Boron (B): Atomic number 5 Silicon (Si): Atomic number 14 Germanium (Ge): Atomic number 32 Arsenic (As): Atomic number 33 Antimony (Sb): Atomic number 51 Tellurium (Te): Atomic number 52 Polonium (Po): Atomic number 84 Tennessine (Ts): Atomic number 117
The number of neutrons in an atom can be found by subtracting the:
atomic number from the mass number.
Which of the following is an appendage of a neuron that sends electrical signals away from the neuron cell? somatic nervous system autonomic nervous system sympathetic nervous system peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system Correct The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions of the heart, digestive tract, and other smooth muscles; it is further subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
What does the idiom bursting at the seams mean?
burst at the seams. Be filled to or beyond normal capacity. For example, On her wedding day the church was bursting at the seams, or That was a wonderful meal, but I'm bursting at the seams. This expression alludes to rupturing the seams of a garment too tight for the wearer and is generally used hyperbolically.
Which of the following is the largest branch of the abdominal aorta, which supplies oxygenated blood to the upper digestive tract? inferior mesenteric artery gastric artery celiac artery superior mesenteric artery
celiac artery Correct The celiac artery is the first and largest branch of the abdominal aorta and supplies oxygenated blood to the stomach, spleen, liver, and esophagus.
During cell division, DNA is replicated to create two identical copies of each chromosome called:
chromatids
what is the plural of deer?
deer
plurals For words that already end in an s, or that end in -sh, -ch, -x, and -z, add -es. -dress -brush -branch -box -waltz
dresses brushes branches boxes waltzes
eligability or eligibility
eligibility the state of having the right to do or obtain something through satisfaction of the appropriate conditions. "your eligibility for benefits will depend on your income"
The larger the surface area, the more solid reactant particles are in contact with liquid particles, and the:
faster the reaction occurs
Which of the following types of hormones stimulates a chemical response to a target cell by diffusing through the cell membrane to bind to the receptors inside the cell? fat-soluble hormones amino acid derivatives hydrophilic hormones water-soluble hormones
fat-soluble hormones Correct Fat-soluble, or lipophilic, hormones pass through cell membranes to attach to receptors. The receptors then bind to DNA to activate the targeted gene.
Observe and ask questions
first step of the scientific method which treat about looking at the natural world to observe and ask questions about patterns and abnormalities you see.
Renin
hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
An atom's electron configuration
is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) in atomic or molecular orbitals. For example, the electron configuration of the neon atom is 1s2 2s2 2p6
what is the plural of monkey
monkeys
osteoblasts:
mononucleated cells that produce bone tissue
what is the plural of moose?
moose
myofibrils: muscle fibers
muscle fibers
atomic number
number of protons
mitosis
part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
cations
positively charged ions (lose electrons)
possesion or possession
possession
pursu or pursue
pursue
Line graph
shows relationships between two variables and emphasizes change
Stem and leaf plot
shows the general distribution and shape of a data set
Codominance
situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism
Isotonic solutions
solutions separated by a membrane and containing an equal concentration of non-permeating solutes
lacunae:
space in bone tissue occupied by osteocytes
element's mass number is
the number of protons and neutrons present in its atoms.
Balancing Chemical Reactions
the total number and type of atoms on the left (reactants) must be equal to the total number and type of atoms on the rights (Products)
shunt
tube implanted in the body to redirect the flow of a fluid
The pulmonary _____________ are the only veins in the human body that carry oxygenated blood.
veins
irregular bones:
vertebrae and facial bones bones with a shape that cannot be otherwise categorized, such as the vertebrae or mandible
A command may look like a phrase because it lacks a subject, but it's actually a complete sentence. The subject of the sentence is assumed to be_________
you Example: Try it. → (You) try it.
Plurals Generally, words that end in y are made plural by dropping the y and adding -ies. baby → nursery → surgery →
→ babies → nurseries → surgeries
syncope
"Passing out", loss of consciousness or fainting
Ephelides
"freckles" - small, flat macules of brown melanin pigment that occur on sun-exposed skin
In addition to codons for specific amino acids, there are also codons that signal:
"start" and "stop."
febrile
(adj.) feverish; pertaining to or marked by fever; frenetic
Translation
(genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm
whole numbers
0,1,2,3,4...
Spelling Rules change the final y to an i when adding a suffix lazy= tidy=
-laziest -tidily
Longer adjectives and adverbs must be preceded by_______________ to form the comparative and_________________ to form the superlative.
-more -most Example: My bed is comfortable. Comparative: My bed at home is more comfortable than the one at the hotel. Superlative: The bed in your guestroom is the most comfortable bed I've ever slept in!
Spelling Rules double a final consonant when adding suffixes if the consonant is presided by a single vowel. run= admit=
-running -admittance
Terminal punctuation marks are used to end______________.
-sentences. -The period (.) ends declarative (statement) and imperative (command) sentences. The question mark (?) terminates interrogative sentences (questions). Lastly, exclamation points end exclamatory sentences, in which the writer or speaker is exhibiting intense emotion or energy. -Sarah and I are attending a concert. -How many people are attending the concert? -What a great show that was!
What is the slope of a horizontal line?
0
X^0=
1
There are three main differences between DNA and RNA:
1. DNA contains the nucleotide thymine; RNA contains the nucleotide uracil. 2. DNA is double stranded; RNA is single stranded. 3. DNA is made from the sugar deoxyribose; RNA is made from the sugar ribose.
triple point on phase diagram
3 phases exist in equilibrium
The data set below shows the number of instruments played by students in the seventh and tenth grades. Which of the following is the difference in the average number of instruments played by seventh- and tenth-graders? Student Grade Number of Instruments Alison 7 2 Dana 10 0 Jerry 7 1 Sam 7 1 Luke 10 1 Philip 7 2 Briana 10 1 Laura 10 0 Angie 7 2 0.5 1 1.1 2.1
1.1 Correct To find the mean, divide the sum of the data points by the number of data points:Mean of seventh graders = 2+1+1+2+2/5 = 1.6 Mean of tenth graders = 0+1+1=0/4 = 0.5Now find the difference:1.6 − 0.5 = 1.1
How many points are needed to draw a line?
2
which of the following numbers satisfies the inequality 0<8? 0,4,8,12
4 and 8
A marinade recipe calls for 2 tablespoons of lemon juice for 1/4 cup of olive oil. Which of the following is the amount of lemon juice that should be used with 2/3 cup olive oil? 5 1/3 tbsp. 3/4 tbsp. 4 tbsp. 2 1/3 tbsp.
5 1/3 tbsp. Correct Set up a ratio: 2 tbsp/1/3 cup= x/2/3 c Now cross-multiply: (2 tbsp) (2/3 cup)=(x)(1/4 cup) x=2 tbsp (2/3 cup)/1/4 cup=5 1/3 cup 5 1/3 tbsp. of lemon juice should be used.
-(3)^2+(5-7)^2-3(4-8) Simplify the expression. Which of the following is correct? -17 -1 7 25
7 Correct The expression can be simplified using PEMDAS:
Cartilaginous Joints: Synchondroses
A bar or plate of hyaline cartilage unites the bones All synchondroses are synarthrotic Examples include: Epiphyseal plates of children Joint between the costal cartilage of the first rib and the sternum
inequality
A mathematical sentence that contains less than, greater than, less than or equal to, greater than or equal to, or not equal
Stomata
A microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange between the environment and the interior of the plant.
rational number
A number that can be written as a fraction
incomplete dominance
A pattern of inheritance in which two alleles, inherited from the parents, are neither dominant nor recessive. The resulting offspring have a phenotype that is a blending of the parental traits.
Which of the following molecules experience London dispersion forces? A. all atoms and molecules B. atoms and molecules with full valence shells C. atoms and molecules with a large dipole moment D. atoms and molecules that contain at least one metal atom
A. all atoms and molecules Feedback London dispersion forces arise due to the random movement of electrons and may be found in all atoms and molecules.
G2 phase.
Additional growth and protein production occurs in the subsequent stage.
prodigious meaning?
Adjective. Remarkably or impressively great in extent, size, or degree. "the stove consumed a prodigious amount of fuel"
Simplify: (8.1 × 10^−5)(1.4 × 10^7)
Answer: Multiply the factors and add the exponents on the base of 10: (8.1 × 1.4)(10^−5 × 10^7) = 11.34 × 10^ 2 Write the number in proper scientific notation: (Place the decimal so that the first number is between 1 and 10 and adjust the exponent accordingly.) 11.34 × 10^2 = 1.134 × 10^3
Which of the following best describes the distribution of the graph below? In the image of the photo A) Skewed left B) Skewed right C) Bimodal D) Uniform
B) Skewed right
intramolecular bonds
Chemical bonds between atoms in a molecule; ionic, covalent, or metallic bonds
homozygous recessive
Both alleles (factors) for a trait are the same and recessive (aa)
Ecchymosis
Bruising or discoloration associated with bleeding within or under the skin.
Why is the germ theory of disease considered to be a theory? A) There is insufficient evidence to support it. B) Valid alternative explanations exist. C) It is strongly supported by existing evidence. D) It has only limited clinical application.
C) It is strongly supported by existing evidence. Correct A scientific theory is typically strongly supported by evidence, despite public misunderstanding to the contrary.
Which of the following supplies blood to the lower body? A) superior vena cava B) inferior vena cava C) iliac artery D) aortic arch
C) iliac artery
The proceeds from the dance will be donated to a local charity. A) entertainment B) movement C) profit D) snacks
C) profit Correct C) is correct. Proceeds can mean either profit or moving forward. In this sentence, it is used to meanprofit because profit can be donated to charity and thus makes sense in the context of the sentence.
What type of sentence is the following statement: -The cat, who is scared of dogs, ran under the porch. A)simple B)compound C)complex D)compound complex
C)complex
The play was watched by John, Mary, and Tim. Which of the following sentences changes the sentence above from passive voice to active voice? A. The play watched John, Mary, and Tim. B. The play is watching John, Mary, and Tim. C. John, Mary, and Tim watched the play. D. The play was viewed by John, Mary, and Tim.
C. John, Mary, and Tim watched the play. Explanation:This answer choice shows the subjects acting upon the object, which makes it an active voice.
Which of the following terms describes a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning? A. theory B. observation C. inference D. hypothesis
C. inference Feedback Inference is a form of reasoning in which a conclusion is reached based on evidence and logic.
Rank the following in order of increasing atomic radius: xenon (Xe), barium (Ba), cesium (Cs). A) Xe < Cs < Ba B) Cs < Xe < Ba C) Ba < Cs < Xe D) Xe < Ba < Cs
D) Xe < Ba < Cs Correct Atomic radius increases from the top of the periodic table to the bottom and also from right to left. This means that the largest atoms are found in the lower left-hand corner of the periodic table while the smallest are found in the upper right-hand corner. Of the three elements listed, xenon has the smallest radius, barium is larger as it is further down and to the left, and cesium is the largest as it is furthest to the left of the three: Xe < Ba < Cs.
Which group on the periodic table will typically adopt a charge of +1 when forming ionic compounds? A) alkaline earth metals B) lanthanides C) halogens D) alkali metals
D) alkali metals Correct The alkali metals have a full valence shell when they lose one electron, so they easily form ions of +1.
The mitral valve transports blood between which of the following two regions of the heart? A) aorta and left atrium B) aorta and right atrium C) right atrium and right ventricle D) left atrium and left ventricle
D) left atrium and left ventricle
nucleosomes
DNA coiled around histones
S (DNA synthesis phase)
DNA synthesis occurs (duplication of chromosomes; replication)
Solve and graph the solution set of: -5x ≥25
Divide both sides by -5. Note: The direction of the inequality was reversed since we divided by a negative value. Graph using a closed circle for -5 (since xcan equal -5) and an arrow to the left (since our final symbol is less than or equal to). (See the image)
What are domain and range?
Domain refers to acceptable inputs, or x-values, for a given function. Range refers to the outputs, or y-values, of a given function.
lock and key model
Enzymes are specific. The only wok on the substrate that they "fit." Just like a lock has a specific key to open it.
Parallelism
Errors in parallelism prevent a writer from creating a smooth flow, or coherence, from word to word and sentence to sentence. Writers should create parallel structure in words, phrases, and clauses wherever two or more similar and equally important ideas exist next to each other in a sentence. Incorrect: Amanda could program computers, repair cars, and knew how to bake croissants. Correct: Amanda could program computers, repair cars, and bake croissants.
vas deferens (ductus deferens)
Excretory duct of testis that joins epididymis with ejaculatory duct Along the way, the sperm is joined by fluids from three glands to form semen.
A golf shop plays its wholesaler $40 for a certain club, and sells it to a golfer for $$75? What is the mark up rate?
First calculate the amount of change: 75-40=35 Now you make the equation and solve: percent change=amount of change/original amount 35/40=0.875= 87.5%
Five of the most common types of expository writing are:
Five of the most common types of expository writing are descriptive essays, process essays, comparison essays, cause/effect essays and problem/solution essays.
Experiment to Test the Hypothesis
Fourth step of the scientific method. The steps to the experimentation of the Experimental group and Control group
Titles for relatives should be capitalized when they precede a name, but not when they stand alone. Correct the error: Fred, my Uncle, will make fried chicken, and Aunt Betty is going to make spaghetti.
Fred, my uncle, will make fried chicken, and Aunt Betty is going to make spaghetti.
implied, inferred:
Implied is something a speaker does; inferred is something the listener does after assessing the speaker's message. (The speaker implied something mysterious, but I inferred the wrong thing.)
Supporting details
In the story, these are facts or details that help develop and support the central idea or topic.
Graphs of Linear Equations The most common way to write a linear equation is slope-intercept form: y = mx + b
In this equation, m is the slope, and b is the y-intercept. Slope is often described as "rise over run" because it is calculated as the difference in y-values (rise) over the difference in x-values (run). The slope of the line is also the rate of change of the dependent variable y with respect to the independent variable x. The y-intercept is the point where the line crosses the y-axis, or where x equals zero.
homophones mail/male
Mail : (noun)( 1 ) Official system of collecting, transporting and delivering letters and parcels Send the letter by airmail. The letter is in the mail. Mail : (verb)( 1 ) Send something to someone by post I shall mail it to you tomorrow. Male : (adjective)( 1 ) Of the sex that does not give birth to offspring It is a male horse. Male : (noun)( 1 ) Male person, animals, etc..Only males are allowed inside.
English words and phrases to math translation: in addition to, increase by, added to, perimeter, sum, total, in all
Math translation: +
homophones morning and mourning
Morning is the early part of the day, before noon. The word morning is derived from the Middle English word morewen. ... Mourning is the expression of grief, the official period of time during which one grieves a death or the trappings of grief, such as black clothing
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
how do you convert miles per hour to feet per second?
Multiply the original value by the appropriate conversion factor. The original units should cancel, leaving only the new units. (Follow the image)
An item originally priced at $55 is marked 25% off. What is the sale price?
One has been asked to find the sale price, which means one need to solve for the amount of change first: amount of change=original amount X percent change= 55 X 0.25= 13.75 Using this amount one can find the new price. Because it is on sale, one know the item will cost less than the original price: 55-13.75= 41.25 The sale price is $41.25.
Percentages for whole:
Part/percent
mesencephalon (midbrain)
Processes hearing and visual information; maintains sleep/wake cycles and temperature
Persuasive Writing Techniques
RHETORICAL STRATEGIES: -assists the author in building an argument -Ethos: an author might explain their credentials or offer concessions to an opposing argument to create a trusted relationship with the reader -Logos -Pathos: appeal to emotion
The electron configuration of each element correlates to its position on the periodic table: Group 1 and Group 2 (defined as the s-block) have valence electrons in.
S-orbitals
endocrine system function
Secretes hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and metabolism by body cells
Make the graph X>2 and x<6 2<x<6
See the image
Make the graph X≥2 and x≤6 2≤x≤6
See the image
Months are capitalized, but not the names of the seasons. Correct the error: Snow fell in March even though Winter is over.
Snow fell in March even though winter is over.
what are the five conditions of hardy-weinberg equilibrium?
The Hardy-Weinberg model states that a population will remain at genetic equilibrium as long as five conditions are met: (1) No change in the DNA sequence, (2) No migration, (3) A very large population size, (4) Random mating, and (5) No natural selection
Homophones: heal and heel
The easiest way to remember the meanings of these words is to keep in mind that "heal" is a verb, referring to the way something gets healthy again, while "heel" is a shoe component or a body part, situated at the back of the foot.
valence electrons
The electrons in the outermost shell (main energy level) of an atom; these are the electrons involved in forming bonds.
Either negative or positive regulation is used to control:
The operon
active site
The part of an enzyme or antibody where the chemical reaction occurs.
The majority of the elements in the periodic table are metals. Metals have the following properties:
They are ductile and malleable. They conduct electricity. They can form alloys. They are thermally conductive. They are hard, opaque, and shiny. With the exception of mercury, they are solids.
Quotation marks have a number of different purposes...:
They enclose titles of short, or relatively short, literary works such as short stories, chapters, and poems. (The titles of longer works, like novels and anthologies, are italicized.) Additionally, quotation marks are used to enclose direct quotations within the text of a document where the quotation is integrated into the text. Writers also use quotation marks to set off dialogue. -We will be reading the poem "Bright Star" in class today. -The poem opens with the line "Bright star, would I were steadfast as thou art."
homophones insure and ensure
To insure is to cover with an insurance policy. What you insure you entrust to a business. To ensure is to do or have what is necessary for success: These blankets ensure that you'll be warm enough.
to lie (to recline), to lay (to place):
To lie is the intransitive verb meaning to recline; to lay is the transitive verb meaning to place something. (I lie out in the sun; I lay my towel on the beach.)
A symmetric or skewed distribution may have peaks, or sets of data points that appear more frequently. A bimodal distribution has:
Two peacks
45 is 15% of what number?
Whole= part/percent 45/.15= 300
brittle bone disease (osteogenesis imperfecta)
What disease is due to a genetic defect in the *collagen matrix*, causing bones to break easily?
compound.
When two or more different elements bond together, the result is called a compound. (However, the word molecule is often used colloquially to refer to both types of substances.)
Long bones
a type of bone longer than it is wide (like the femur and humerus)
long bones bones:
a type of bone longer than it is wide (like the femur and humerus)
homograph: bow
a) Type of knot: She always wraps her presents with colourful bows /bəʊz/ b) To make a forward movement with the top part of your body: Japanese people always bow /baʊ/ to show respect.
The law of segregation states that
alleles of a gene separate from each other during meiosis. The Law of Segregation states that alleles segregate randomly into gametes: When gametes are formed, each allele of one parent segregates randomly into the gametes, such that half of the parent's gametes carry each allele.
cite/site/sight
cite - to give credit ex: citing in an essay site - location ex: the construction site sight - the ability to see ex: sight is one of our 5 senses
An action potential is the quick rise and fall of the electrical potential in a neuron. cerebrum pons cerebellum medulla oblongata
cerebellum Correct The cerebellum is responsible for motor control and motor learning.
When it is not being transcribed, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones to create nucleosomes, which are in turn packaged into:
chromatin.
Chromatin is further bundled into packages of DNA called:
chromosomes
committee or commitee
committee
Superlative adjectives and adverbs
compare three or more items. Most one- or two-syllable words are made superlative by adding a suffix, -est Example: My brother is tall. Superlative: My brother is the tallest of all my siblings.
completely or complitely
completely
concensus or consensus
consensus
prostate gland
contributes an alkaline fluid that counteracts the acidity of the vaginal tract.
medulla oblongata:
controls involuntary processes of the cardiac and respiratory systems; responsible for reflexes such as sneezing and vomiting
pons:
controls many involuntary processes, including respiration, bladder control, and sleep; also responsible for facial movements and eye movement
A crystal is a specific type of solid where atoms are arranged in a regular, repeating, geometric pattern known as a______________________.
crystal lattice
heart attack (myocardial infarction)
damage or death of cardiac muscle tissue resulting from blockage of one or more coronary arteries
Subscripts and Coefficients
do NOT change _______________, change ___________________
The elements in each group on the table all contain the same amount of
electrons in their valence shell, which results in all elements in a group having similar chemical properties.
Reactants
elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction
When balancing chemical equations containing atoms of elements in addition to hydrogen and oxygen, wait until the:
end to balance hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
The exotic pet trade is a significant concern for enviornmentalists and animal rights advocates around the world. Which of the following is misspelled in the sentence? -significant -enviornmentalists -rights -advocates
enviornmentalists Correct Enviornmentalists should be spelled environmentalists.
liquid to gas:
evaporation
exhilarate or exilarate
exhilarate
confounding variables
factors that cause differences between the experimental group and the control group other than the independent variable
what is the plural of fish?
fish
what is plural of goose?
geese
Transition Metals (Groups 3-12)
good thermal conductors, shiny, electric conductors, higher density and melting points than group 1+2, 1-2 valence electrons
goverment or government
government
guarante or guarantee
guarantee
Alkali Earth Metals (Group 2)
have two valence electrons. The alkaline earth metals are six chemical elements in group 2 of the periodic table. They are beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium. The elements have very similar properties: they are all shiny, silvery-white, somewhat reactive metals at standard temperature and pressure
covalent bond
involves a pair of atoms sharing electrons from their outer orbitals to fill their valence shells. These bonds form between non-metals with similar electronegativities.
appositive phrase
is a particular type of noun phrase that renames the word or group of words that precedes it. Appositive phrases usually follow the noun they describe and are set apart by commas. Example: My dad, a clock maker, loved antiques.
markup rate means:
is another way to say percent change
Which of the following is a descriptive, generalized body of scientific observations? -law -theory -model -hypothesis
law Correct Scientific laws, like Newton's laws of gravity or Mendel's laws of heredity, describe phenomena in the natural world that have repeatedly occurred with no known exceptions yet.
lamellae:
layers of compact bone
liesure or leisure
leisure
Which of the following are the connective tissue that attaches bone to bone and help strengthen joints? -tendon -cartilage -periosteum -ligament
ligament Correct Ligaments are made of flexible collagen fibers and play a key role in joint movement and bone stabilization.
condition not met in double the final consonant: loop+ing
looping
what is the plural of mouse?
mice
background extinction rate
normal extinction of various species as a result of changes in local environmental conditions
mischievous or mischeivous
mischievous adjective (of a person, animal, or their behavior) causing or showing a fondness for causing trouble in a playful way. "two mischievous kittens had decorated the bed with shredded newspaper" (of an action or thing) causing or intended to cause harm or trouble. "a mischievous allegation for which there is not a shred of evidence"
necesary or necessary
necessary
Anions
negatively charged ions (gain electrons)
neigbor or neighbor
neighbor
types of white blood cells
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes
uric acid
nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine It is a byproduct of nucleic acid metabolism.
Which type of hypothesis assumes no relationship between two variables? scientific hypothesis working hypothesis null hypothesis alternate hypothesis
null hypothesis Correct A null hypothesis assumes that any relationship is due to chance.
opinnion or opinion
opinion
Two lines that intersect to form a 90° angle are _______.
perpendicular
two lines that form right angles are:
perpendicular
convert decimal to fraction
place the numbers to the right of the decimal over the appropriate base-10 power and simplify the fraction. 0.375 = 375/1000 = 3/8
proffesion or profession
profession
A chemistry student is conducting an experiment in which she tests the relationship between reactant concentration and heat produced by a reaction. In her experiment, she alters the reactant concentration and measures heat produced. The independent variable in the experiment is the -reactant concentration -reaction rate -amount of heat produced by the reaction -product concentration
reactant concentration Correct The independent variable is deliberately changed in the course of the experiment.
substrate
reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
Transitions from a high to lower energy state (e.g., liquid to solid)________________________. Each of these changes has a specific name.
release energy
interferon:
released by infected cells; causes nearby cells to increase their defenses
palliate, palliative
relieve pain without curing
ceparate or separate
separate
Gene
sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
what is the plural of sheep?
sheep
Which of the following is a mutation that occurs in the DNA of a nonreproductive cell? germ-line mutation somatic mutation somatic mutation frame-shift mutation
somatic mutation Correct Somatic cells are the nonreproductive cells of an organism. Mutations in these cells are not passed to offspring.
verbs conjugated in simple tense describe:
something that happened once or general truths.
invasive species
species that enter new ecosystems and multiply, harming native species and their habitats
secretory phase:
stage of the menstrual cycle when blood flow increases in the uterus to prepare for potential egg implantation
luteal phase:
stage of the menstrual cycle when hormonelevels fall as egg is not fertilized, triggering menstruation
Changes in temperature and pressure can cause matter to change________________.
states
Transcription
synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
Types of Reactions
synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, combustion
what is plural of tooth?
teeth
double blinding
the act of blinding both the subjects of an experiment and the researchers who work with the subjects
Spelling rules Double Final Consonant When adding a suffix like -ed or -ing to a word ending in a consonant, that final consonant is usually doubled if it is preceded by one vowel and completes a one-syllable word or accented syllable. refer + -ed → referred -It's doubled because the consonant ends on an accented syllable (re-FER) and is preceded by one vowel (refer). limit + -ing → limiting -It's not doubled because:
the consonant does not end an accented syllable (LI-mit).
inhalation:
the first stage of breathing in which the thoracic cavity expands and the diaphragm contracts, decreasing pressure on the lungs and allowing air to flow into the body
flat bone:
thin and curved bone; serves as a point of attachment for muscles and protects internal organs a wide and flat bone that usually provides protection (like the skull and rib cage)
Construct a hypothesis
third step of the scientific method which refers about making a proposal that explain why or how something happens. a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation
Solid metals usually consist of
tightly packed atoms, resulting in fairly high densities. Metals begin on the left side of the periodic table and span across the middle of the table, almost all the way to the right side. Examples of metals include gold (Au), tin (Sn), and lead (Pb).
allot
to assign or distribute as a portion or share
leap
to jump
Electronic balance
used to measure mass
Inhibitors
used to slow down a chemical reaction
A fraction is converted to a decimal by:
using long division until there is no remainder or a pattern of repeating numbers occurs. 1/2 = 1 ÷ 2 = 0.5
summary sentence
usually found at the end of the passage ; concludes/sums up point in earlier text
whether or wether
whether
Osteoarthritis
which is the breakdown of cartilage in joints
leukocytes:
white blood cells (WBC)
mass number
the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
How many J are 1 cal?
4.19 J
There are 450 students in the tenth grade. Of these, 46% are boys. If 21% of the girls have already turned 16, which of the following is the number of girls in the tenth grade who are 16? 43 51 54 94
51 Correct Subtract the percentage of boys from 100% to find the percentage of girls:100% − 46% = 54%Find 21% of 54% of 450:0.21 × 0.54 × 450 ≈ 51
Asthma
A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing. in which the airways are compromised due to a dysfunctional immune response
The owner of a newspaper has noticed that print subscriptions have gone down 40% while online subscriptions have gone up 60%. Print subscriptions once accounted for 70% of the newspaper's business, and online subscriptions accounted for 25%. Which of the following is the overall percentage growth or decline in business? A) 13% decline B) 15% decline C) 28% growth D) Business has stayed the same.
A) 13% decline Correct Calculate the decline: 40% decline in 70% of the business = 0.40 × 0.70 = 0.28 = 28% decline Calculate the growth: 60% growth in 25% of the business = 0.60 × 0.25 = 0.15 = 15% growth Find the net change: 28% decline + 15% growth = −0.28 + 0.15 = −0.13 = 13% decline
what are the different types of prezygotic isolation?
It looks like there are five major types of prezygotic barriers to reproduction: spatial isolation, temporal isolation, mechanical isolation, gametic isolation and behavioral isolation.
Lanthanides and Actinides
Lanthanides- shiny reactive metals. Actinides radioactive, means they are unstable They are set apart from the other elements for two reasons: first, to consolidate the periodic table, and second, because they are more complicated chemically than the rest of the elements
Gyri (gyrus)
Large folds of tissue covering the surface of the cerebrum
Box plots
Make sure the numbers are in order from least to greatest. Find the median, the Q1 and Q3 by finding the median again of the upper and lower sections. (also called box and whisker plots) show data using the median, range, and outliers of a data set. They provide a helpful visual guide, showing how data is distributed around the median
obtuse angle
An angle that measures more than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees
Electron Affinity
An atom's electron affinity describes the amount of energy released or gained when an electron is added to the atom. On the periodic table, electron affinity increases from left to right and bottom to top, with the highest electron affinities belonging to elements residing in the upper right corner.
Solve for x: 2(x + 2)^2 - 2x^2 + 10 = 20
Answer: First, simplify the left-hand side of the equation using order of operations and combining like terms. 2(x + 2)^2 - 2x^2 + 10 = 20 Do the exponent first: 2(x + 2)(x + 2) - 2x^2 + 10 = 20 FOIL: 2(x^2 + 4x + 4) - 2x^2 + 10 = 20 Distribute the 2: 2x^2 + 8x + 8 - 2x^2 + 10 = 20 Combine like terms on the left-hand side: 8x + 18 = 20 Now, isolate the variable. "Undo" +18 by subtracting 18 from both sides: 8x + 18 = 20 8x = 2 "Undo" multiplication by 8 by dividing both sides by 8: x = 2/8 or 1/4
the billionaire had a compound in the desert, the shear size of which made it seam like a whole other country. which of the following correctly describes an error in the sentence above? A) the homograph "desert" should be "dessert." B) the homograph "shear" should be "sheer." C) the homograph "seam" should be "seem." D) the homophone "whole" should be "hole."
B) the homograph "shear" should be "sheer."
denatured
Change the shape of an enzyme so that it can no longer speed up a reaction.
Catalysts
Chemical agents that selectively speed up chemical reactions without being consumed by the reaction.
Parrots, among the most intelligent birds in the world, have been prized pets for many centuries; in fact, the first recorded instance of parrot training was written in the thirteenth century. Which of the following is a synonym for prized as used in the sentence? A) unlikely B) misunderstood C) rewarded D) valued
D) valued Correct If these intelligent birds have been kept as pets for so long, and if people have taken the time to train them, it is most likely that parrots are valued animals.
good, well:
Good is always the adjective; well is always the adverb except in cases of health. (She felt well after the surgery.)
The sarcomere can be broken down into zones that contain certain filaments:
The Z-line separates the sarcomeres: a single sarcomere is the distance between two Z-lines. The A-band is the area of the sarcomere in which thick myosin filaments are found and does not shorten during muscular contraction. The I-band is the area in the sarcomere between the thick myosin filaments in which only thin actin filament is found. The H-zone is found between the actin filaments and contains only thick myosin filament.
Tonicity
The ability of a solution surrounding a cell to cause that cell to gain or lose water.
ionization energy
The amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom
what distinguishes mendelian genetics from non mendelian genetics?
Mendelian traits are traits that are passed down by dominant and recessive alleles of one gene. ... Non-Mendelian traits are not determined by dominant or recessive alleles, and they can involve more than one gene.
All single, indefinite pronouns agree with single verbs. Neither of the students is happy about the play. Each of the many cars is on the grass. Every one of the administrators speaks highly of Trevor.
Neither of the students is happy about the play. Each of the many cars is on the grass. Every one of the administrators speaks highly of Trevor.
When indefinite pronouns are used in a sentence, the pronoun must agree with the number of the indefinite pronoun. Neither student finished his or her assignment. Both students finished their assignments.
Neither student finished his or her assignment. Both students finished their assignments.
Xylem
Nonliving vascular tissue that carries water and dissolved minerals from the roots of a plant to its leaves
Solve and graph the solution set of: 4x < 24
Proceed as you would when solving a linear equation:Divide both sides by 4. Note: The direction of the inequality stays the same since we did NOT divide by a negative value. Graph using an open circle for 6 (since x can not equal 6) and an arrow to the left (since our symbol is less than). (See the image)
FIND THE ERROR Whenever I scratch my dog's belly, she grins over joy.
The preposition, over, is incorrectly used here; it should be replaced with, with. Alternatively, the phrase, over joy, might be replaced with, joyfully.
conjugate base
a base that forms when an acid loses a proton
cyanosis
a bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood.
double replacement reaction
a chemical change that involves an exchange of positive ions between two compounds two parts of two different molecules swap places: General Reaction: AB + CD → CB + AD CuCl2 + 2AgNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2AgCl
Periosteum
a dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints.
Double line graphs
a line graph that presents more than one type of data. Present two sets of data on the same set of axes.
How many angles have measurements greater than 90° in an obtuse triangle?
1
H2 + O2 → H2O This equation is unbalanced: there are two H atoms on each side, but the reactant side has two O atoms while the product side only has one. To fix this discrepancy, a coefficient of 2 is added in front of the product, H2O, making the number of O atoms equal on both sides of the equation:
H2 + O2 → 2H2O Now there are four H atoms on the product side while there are only 2 on the reactant side. This means that in order to finish balancing the equation, a coefficient of 2 must be added in front of H2, so that there are four H atoms on the reactant side as well:
canaliculi:
Hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal canals that connect lacunae
Percentages for the part:
Part= whole X percent
Grant needs to score 75% on an exam. If the exam has 45 questions, at least how many does he need to answer correctly?
Part= whole X percent 45 X 0.75= 33.75, so he needs to answer at least 34 questions correctly.
right angle
an angle that measures 90 degrees
Root words
are bases from which many words take their foundational form and meaning
humorous or humorus
humorous
aphasia
impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding).
occasionally or occassionally
occasionally
occurred or occured
occurred
ionic bond
one atom "gives" its electrons to the other, resulting in one positively and one negatively charged atom. The bond is a result of the attraction between ions. Ionic bonds form between atoms with very different electronegativities.
Atomic Radius
(the distance from the center of the atom to its outermost electron shell) increases from right to left and top to bottom on the periodic table, with the largest elements residing in the lower left corner.
write in scientific notation 0.00000124
1.24 X 10^-6
How many km are in a mi?
1.61 km
Allosome
A chromosome that is a sex chromosome. In humans, there is one pair, XX and XY, and this is the 23rd chromosome pair which determines sex, female (XX) or male (XY).
compound sentence?
A compound sentence is a sentence that has at least two independent clauses joined by a comma, semicolon or conjunction. ... An example of a compound sentence is, 'This house is too expensive, and that house is too small.
Dihybrid
A cross between individuals that have different alleles for the same gene
seam/seem
A seam is a line formed by connecting two pieces of material. Seem means "appear to exist."
A circular swimming pool has a circumference of 49 feet. Which of the following is the diameter of the pool? A) 15.6 feet B) 17.8 feet C) 49 feet D) 153.9 feet
A) 15.6 feet Correct The formula for the circumference of a circle is: C = 2πr Because d = 2r, this formula can be rewritten: C = πd 49 ft.= πd d = 49 ft./π = 15.6 ft.
eccrine glands
Are located primarily in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet (and to a lesser degree in other areas of the body), release the water and salt (NaCl) mixture called sweat
Which of the following is not a negative value? A) (−3)(−1)(2)(−1) B) 14 - 7 + (−7) C) 7 - 10 + (−8) D) −5(−2)(−3)
B) 14 - 7 + (−7) Correct The answer choices simplify to −6, 0, −11, and −30. Answer choice B), 0, is the only response that is not negative.
Which of the following is equivalent to 8 pounds and 8 ounces? (Round to the nearest tenth of a kilogram.) A) 3.6 kilograms B) 3.9 kilograms C) 17.6 kilograms D) 18.7 kilograms
B) 3.9 kilograms Correct Since there are 16 ounces in a pound, 8 ounces = 0.5 pounds. The conversion factor for pounds to kilograms is therefore multiplied by 8.5 pounds. The calculation is: 8.5 lb.(1 kg/2.2 lb.) = 8.5/2.2 = 3.9 kg. Notice that the 1 is on top in this conversion factor so that pounds cancel. The unit that the quantity is being converted to must always be in the numerator.
Which of the following compounds has highest bond polarity? A. NO B. CO C. H2 D. O2
B. CO Feedback Bond polarity increases as the difference in electronegativity between the compounds involved in the bond increases. For molecules composed of two or more atoms of the same type, bonds are non- polar. The distance on the periodic table between carbon and oxygen is greater than the distance between nitrogen and oxygen. Therefore, the electronegativity difference is greater for carbon monoxide, and the bond polarity is therefore also greater.
What purpose do nouns usually serve in a sentence? A. They indicate possession. B. They act as subject or object. C. They intensify other nouns. D. They clarify when an action occurs.
B. They act as subject or object. Correct A. Incorrect. Possessive pronouns and other conventions of Standard English indicate possession. B. Correct. Nouns are people, places, things, or ideas; they usually act as the subject or object in a sentence. C. Incorrect. Reflexive pronouns intensify other nouns and pronouns. D. Incorrect. Verb tense explains when actions occur in time.
why bacteria are considered as prokaryotic cells?
Bacteria are classified as prokaryotes because they lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
homophones bare and bear
Bare means naked, but to bear is to carry something. A bear is also a brown furry animal, but most people keep that one straight.
nucleotides
Basic units of DNA molecule, composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and one of 4 DNA bases
Beaker
Beakers are commonly used as a vessel to dilute concentrated chemicals, make buffers, or catch products during an experiment. They have graduations, but they are approximate measurements. The error of beaker graduations is usually approximated at 5% or greater, but can vary.
chromatids.
Bodies of tightly coiled chromatin; visible during cell division. Two chromatids bound at a centromere make a CHROMOSOME.
Homozygous dominant
Both alleles (factors) for a trait are the same and dominant (AA)
homophones brake and break
Brake as noun: Brake is noun which means a device for slowing or stopping a moving vehicle, typically by applying pressure to the wheels.Break is used as a noun which means an interruption of continuity or uniformity. The magazine has been published without a break since 1950.
Which of the following is NOT part of the innate immune system? A) interferon B) neutrophils C) antibodies D) natural killer lymphocytes
C) antibodies
The pineal gland is located in which of the following areas in the body? A) below the larynx B) above the kidney C) at the center of the brain hemispheres D) at the base of the brain
C) at the center of the brain hemispheres Correct The pineal gland is located in the epithalamus and is a gland involved in the production of melatonin.
The output from the cup factory was so prodigious it was able to provide cups for the whole state. Which of the following is the definition of the underlined word in the sentence above? A. fleeting B. fortunate C. massive D. timely
C. massive Feedback Context clues in the phrase "provide cups for the whole state" suggests a large quantity. Massive is another word for large.
Because the speakers weren't working properly, her voice was ________. Which of the following is the correctly spelled word to complete the sentence? A. unintelligable B. uninteligible C. unintelligible D. unintelligible
C. unintelligible (Correct)
Sublimation is the change from A) gas to solid B) liquid to solid C) liquid to solid D) solid to gas
D) solid to gas
germline mutation
DNA alteration occurring in gametes that can be transmitted to offspring
A verb WITH a direct Object
In a sentence, the direct object is the noun or noun phrase that's receiving the action of the verb. The basic construction works like this: Subject + Verb + Who or What.
diencephalon
Includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal body; relays sensory information and controls some automatic functions of the peripheral nervous system
irregardless, regardless:
Irregardless is nonstandard usage and should be avoided; regardless is the proper usage of the transitional statement.
Narrative writing
It is writing that has a story, characters, conflict, and other essential parts of a story. Narrative writing is often synonymous with a story. And this differs greatly compared to other forms of writing, like in textbooks and certain nonfiction books.
English words and phrases to math translation: of, times, are, product,
Math translation: X
Perimeter of a circle
P=2πr
Dipoles
Polar molecules with partially positive and partially negative ends
midbrain:
Region between the hindbrain and the forebrain; it is important for hearing and sight. responsible for receiving visual and auditory signals and sending sensory information to other parts of the brain
The periodic table is organized into
Rows called periods and columns called groups
epistaxis
Rupture of a blood vessel inside the nose causes blood to flow out the nose and into the throat
shear/sheer
Shear is used as a verb meaning to cut or clip hair or wool. ... Sheer may be an adjective, adverb or a verb. When it is an adjective, it means very thin and transparent, or it means steep.
what is the function of plant meristem?
The meristem is a type of tissue found in plants. It consists of undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells) capable of cell division. Cells in the meristem can develop into all the other tissues and organs that occur in plants. Differentiated plant cells generally cannot divide or produce cells of a different type.
homophones stair and stare
The noun stair refers to a step or one of a series of steps. The plural form, stairs, refers to a staircase or a flight of stairs. The verb stare means to look steadily, intently, or vacantly at someone or something. As a noun, stare means a long look with eyes wide open.
In the following sentence, which verb has a direct object? Which one or two words comprise the direct object? Purring loudly, the mother cat grooms her kittens with her rough tongue.
The verb grooms has a direct object: kittens or her kittens. (The verb purring does not have a direct object.)
Which one of these words is NOT an interjection? hey, wow, oh, painful, hooray, ouch
The word painful is an adjective, not an interjection.
homophones their, there, and they're
Their is the possessive pronoun, as in "their car is red"; there is used as an adjective, "he is always there for me," a noun, "get away from there," and, chiefly, an adverb, "stop right there"; they're is a contraction of "they are," as in "they're getting married."
volume of a cube
V=s³
who, whom:
Who is the subject relative pronoun. (My son, who is a good student, studies hard.) Here, the son is carrying out the action of studying, so the pronoun is a subject pronoun (who). Whom is the object relative pronoun. (My son, whom the other students admire, studies hard.) Here, son is the object of the other students' admiration, so the pronoun standing in for him, whom, is an object pronoun.
Jim spent 30% of his paycheck at the fair. He spent $15 for a hat, $30, for a shirt, and $20 playing games. How much was his check (round to the nearest dollar)?
Whole= part/percent 15+30+20/.30=$217
homophones peace and piece
With a little more practice, these homophones really can be a piece of cake! Peace means absence of war. Peace means tranquility or serenity. Piece means a part of a whole. Piece means a work of art, writing, music, or performance
operon
a group of genes that operate together to produce proteins. An operon includes a promoter to initiates transcription.
Meiosis
a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.
We've been told for years that the recipe for weight loss is fewer calories in than calories out. In other words, eat less and exercise more, and your body will take care of the rest. As many of those who've tried to diet can attest, this edict doesn't always produce results. If you're one of those folks, you might have felt that you just weren't doing it right—that the failure was all your fault. However, several new studies released this year have suggested that it might not be your fault at all. For example, a study of people who'd lost a high percentage of their body weight (>17%) in a short period of time found that they could not physically maintain their new weight. Scientists measured their resting metabolic rate and found that they'd need to consume only a few hundred calories a day to meet their metabolic needs. Basically, their bodies were in starvation mode and seemed to desperately hang on to each and every calorie. Eating even a single healthy, well-balanced meal a day would cause these subjects to start packing back on the pounds. Other studies have shown that factors like intestinal bacteria, distribution of body fat, and hormone levels can affect the manner in which our bodies process calories. There's also the fact that it's actually quite difficult to measure the number of calories consumed during a particular meal and the number used while exercising. Which of the following would weaken the author's argument? -a new diet pill from a pharmaceutical company that promises to help patients lose weight by changing intestinal bacteria -the personal experience of a man who was able to lose a significant amount of weight taking in fewer calories than he used -a study showing that people in different geographic locations lose different amounts of weight when on the same diet -a study showing that people often misreport their food intake when part of a scientific study on weight loss
a study showing that people often misreport their food intake when part of a scientific study on weight loss Correct People misreporting the amount of food they ate would introduce error into studies on weight loss and might make the studies the author cites unreliable.
Particles in gases, liquids, and solids all vibrate. Those in gases_a)________________________________; those in liquids__b)__________________________; those in solids_c)__________________________________________.
a) vibrate and move at high speeds b) vibrate and move slightly c) vibrate yet stay packed in place in their rigid structure
What is the Pythagorean Theorem?
a^2+b^2=c^2
condone meaning?
accept and allow (behavior that is considered morally wrong or offensive) to continue. "the college cannot condone any behavior that involves illicit drugs"
accomodate or accommodate
accommodate
acquit or acuit
acquit
acros or across
across
verbs conjugated in Perfect continuous tense describe:
actions that started in the past and are continuing.
The graph shows how pH affects the rate of enzyme action for two digestive enzymes. If the small intestine has a pH higher than 7, what happens to the activity of gastric protease when it enters the small intestine? activity will increase immediately activity will increase gradually activity will remain the same activity will decrease
activity will decrease Correct From the graph, it is clear that the activity of gastric protease drops off completely at a pH just below 6. Entering the small intestine with a pH greater than 7 would cause the enzyme reactivity to decrease drastically. It would most likely not be reactive at all.
Generally,_______________________ (in the form of heat) changes a substance to a higher energy state (e.g., solid to liquid)
adding energy
Tidal Volume (TV)
amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions
Combustion or burning reactions
are high-temperature reactions in which a great deal of heat is released. In combustion reactions, oxygen is a reactant and carbon dioxide and water are produced. Because of the substantial amount of heat energy produced by combustion reactions, they have been important means of generating energy throughout human history, including combustion of fossil fuels, coal, and oil. General Reaction: CxHx + O2 → CO2 + H2O 2C8H18 + 25O2 → 16CO2 + 18H2O
Comedones
are the skin-coloured, small bumps (papules) frequently found on the forehead and chin of those with acne. A single lesion is a comedo. Open comedones are blackheads; black because of surface pigment (melanin), rather than dirt. Closed comedones are whiteheads; the follicle is completely blocked.
Control variables
are variables that are held constant in all treatment groups so that they do not affect the dependent variable.
Which words in the following sentence form an adverb phrase? While I was running around Green Lake, I saw Gary Grenell, a local photographer.
around Green Lake
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
arthritis with swelling, stiffness, pain, and degeneration of cartilage in joints caused by chronic soft tissue inflammation; may result in crippling deformities; an autoimmune disease which is an autoimmune disease that affects synovial membranes
A chemical reaction occurs
as bonds are formed or broken between atoms, ions, or molecules between two reactants (substances) that form a new substance with different chemical properties than either of the two initial reactants.
dipole-dipole forces
attractions between oppositely charged regions of polar molecules. This interaction occurs when the partial positive dipole in one molecule is attracted to the partial negative dipole in the other molecule
Verbal phrases
begin with a word that would normally act as a verb but is instead filling another role within the sentence. These phrases can act as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. Noun: To visit Europe had always been her dream. Adjective: Enjoying the stars that filled the sky, Dave lingered outside for quite a while.
radial symmetry
body plan in which body parts repeat around the center of the body
osteocytes:
bone cell formed from osteoblast
In the example below, acetic acid (CH3CO2H) is dissolved in water, producing a conjugate base (CH3CO 2 −). Water acts as the base, and its conjugate acid is the hydronium ion (H3O+).
check image
endothermic reactions
chemical reactions that absorb energy from it's surroundings.
what is plural of child?
children
committed or committeed
committed
Liaison meaning?
communication or cooperation which facilitates a close working relationship between people or organizations. "the head porter works in close liaison with the reception office"
Strong acids and bases are defined as those that:
completely ionize in water. Other acids and bases are considered weak, which means that they only partially ionize in water.
fibrous joints
consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together
hindbrain:
contains the pons, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum
Which of the following is an example of human error in an experiment? an imperfectly calibrated scale contaminating a sterile sample by breathing on it a draft in the laboratory slightly changing the temperature of a liquid failure to account for wind speed when measuring distance traveled
contaminating a sterile sample by breathing on it Correct This is an example of human error, or error that occurs when the researcher makes a mistake.
The structure of chromatin allows large amounts of DNA to be stored in a very small space and helps regulate transcription by controlling access to specific sections of DNA. Tightly folding the DNA also helps prevent_____________________ to the genetic code.
damage
Evaporation is also more likely to occur in conjunction with a_____________ in the gas pressure around a liquid, since molecules tend to move from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.
decrease
Dot plots
display the frequency of a value or event data graphically using dots, and thus can be used to observe the distribution of a data set. Typically, a value or category is listed on the x-axis, and the number of times that value appears in the data set is represented by a line of vertical dots. Dot plots make it easy to see which values occur most often.
Nonmetals are elements that
do not conduct electricity and tend to be more volatile than metals. They can be solids, liquids, or gases. The nonmetals are located on the right side of the periodic table. Examples of nonmetals include sulfur (S), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O).
In stage G1, the cell
doubles the cell contents, excluding the chromosomes Once cell division is triggered (for example, by extracellular signals in response to nearby damage, requiring new cells to replace the damaged cells), cells enter stage G1. In this stage, the organelles of the soon-to-be-dividing cell are duplicated, in order to support both daughter cells upon division.
embarrasment or embarrassment
embarrassment
Less commonly used punctuation marks include:
en dash (-): indicates a range em dash (—): shows an abrupt break in a sentence and emphasizes the words within the em dashes parentheses ( ): enclose nonessential information brackets [ ]: enclose added words to a quotation and add insignificant information within parentheses slash (/): separates lines of poetry within a text or indicates interchangeable terminology ellipses (...): indicates that information has been removed from a quotation or creates a reflective pause
liquid to solid
freezing
inuculate or inoculate
inoculate
judgment or judgement
judgment
lightning or ligtning
lightning
maneuver or manuver
maneuver
medievale or medieval
medieval
minuscule or minuscul
minuscule
Halogens (Group 17)
non-metals and highly reactive (F, Cl, Br, I, At). dangerous for humans
what is plural of ox?
oxen
trabeculae:
spongy layer of bone that encompasses the bone marrow
Law of Dominance
states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive
solid to gas:
sublimation
successful or succesful
successful
The strange light in the room made it hard to determine the colors used in the painting. Which of the following is the meaning of the word light in the sentence? -a sense of mental illumination or enlightenment -the electromagnetic waves that make human vision possible -a device used to indicate right of way for traffic -the act of starting a fire
the electromagnetic waves that make human vision possible Correct The fact that the light is affecting how a painting is viewed implies that the word light is being used to describe the electromagnetic waves that make human vision possible.
Reaction Rates
the rate at which reactants change into products over time
real numbers
the set of all rational and irrational numbers
receive or recieve
to receive
extracellular digestion:
type of digestion in which food is broken down outside the cells in a digestive system and then absorbed ingesting food at the mouth and excreting it at the anus
unanimus or unanimous
unanimous
osteons:
units that form the matrix of bone
Urea
waste product formed in the liver, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in urine It is a nitrogenous byproduct of protein catabolism.
the verb give conjugated in different tenses
watch the image
weird or wird
weird
Spelling rules Drop Final E Usually, if a root ends with e, the e is dropped when adding a suffix unless the suffix begins with a consonant. measure + ing →________________________ measure + ment → _______________________
→ measuring → measurement
plurals Generally, words that end in f are made plural by dropping the f and adding -ves. shelf → scarf →
→ shelves → scarves
Plurals In medicine, many words are derived from Latin. It is important to know their proper plural forms. vertebra → bronchus →
→ vertebrae → bronchi
homographs change
(to make different/money left over after a transaction)
homographs die
(to pass away/a six-sided, numbered cube)
homographs tear
(to rip/liquid produced by the eye)
Factor x^2-y^2
(x+y)(x-y)
Integers
-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3
How many m is 1 yd
0.914 m
How many ounces are in a pound?
16 ounces
Homophones: Affect and Effect
Affect (verb): To have an effect on Effect (noun): Something that is brought about by a cause
Which of the following prefixes should be added to a word to indicate that something is large? A) micro B) macro C) anti D) ante
B) macro Correct B) is correct. The prefix macro- means large.
According to the graph (watch the image), which of the following was Sam's average monthly income from January through May? (Round to the nearest hundred.) A) $200 B) $500 C) $600 D) $1,100
C) $600 Correct Find Sam's income for each month: January: $900 February: $1100 March: $500 April: $200 May: $400 Now find the average by adding those values and dividing by 5. Then round to the nearest 100: (900 + 1100 + 500 + 200 + 400)/5 = 620 ≈ 600
A photograph measure 15 cm wide and 20 cm high. If the photograph is enlarged to a height of 28 cm, which of the following measurements would be the new width? A - 23 cm B - 33 cm C - 37 cm D - 21 cm
D - 21 cm (correct) This response is the result of correctly relating the quantities in the problem by setting up and solving the proportion 15/20=x/28 or an equivalent proportion. 15/20=x/28 20x=420 x=21
Homophones die and dye
Die: (of a person, animal, or plant) stop living. Dye: a natural or synthetic substance used to add a color to or change the color of something.
activation energy.
Energy needed to get a reaction started
FIND THE ERROR I love French Fries, Belgian waffles, and Italian pasta.
Even though the proper adjective, French, is capitalized, the common noun, fries, should be lowercased.
Perimeter of a triangle
P = a + b + c
Graph the solution set of: -3 < x < 4
The solution set for this problem will be all values that satisfy both -3 < x and x < 4. Look for where the two inequalities overlap. Graph using open circles for -3 and 4 (since x can not equal -3 nor 4), and a bar to show the overlapping section. (See the image)
Residual Capacity (RC)
Volume of gas in the lungs at the end of a maximum expiration
gas to liquid:
condensation
harass or haras
harass
the immune system is composed of two parts
innate and adaptive
Pluripotency
the potential of a cell to develop into more than one type of mature cell depending on the environment
gene regulation
the process of turning genes on and off
Twice a man's age is no more than 5 years less than his father's age. If m represents the man's age, and f his father's age, what is the inequality that would represent this situation? Translate the words in the problem into mathematical symbols:
twice a man's age= 2m is no more than= ≤ five years less than his father's age= f - 5 use these symbols to write an equality: twice a man's age is no more than 5 years less than his father'a age= 2m ≤ f -5
vacuum or vacuume
vacuum
Commas show pauses in the text or set information apart from the main text. There are lots of rules for comma usage, so only some are summarized here.
-Commas separate coordinate adjectives. She made herself a big bowl of cold, delicious ice cream. -Commas set off the day and month of a date within a text. I was born on February 16, 1958. -Commas set off the names of cities from their states, territories, or provinces. She lives in Houston, Texas.
Percentages The equation for percentages can be rearrange to solve for either the:
-The part -The whole -The percent.
What is a topic?
-What the text is about. -A topic defines a particular aspect that will be covered in conversation or in any written form
The brain is divided into six general regions:
-cerebrum -diencephalon -mesencephalon -pons -cerebellum -medulla oblongata
Spelling Rules Drop the final vowel when adding a suffix. sue= observe=
-suing -observance
What are the three types of van der Waals forces?
1) London dispersion (weak), 2) dipole-dipole (medium), and 3) hydrogen (strong).
Identify two prepositional phrases in the following sentence. My family and I used to camp in the Wawona Campground at Yosemite National Park.
1) in the Wawona Campground; 2) at Yosemite National Park
Percent Change percent change problems will ask you to calculate how much a given quantity changed. The problems are solved in a similar way to regular_1)_______________________, exempt that instead of using the part you will use the_2)___________________________. Note that the sign of the_3)_________________________is important: If the original amount has increased the change will be positive, and if it has decreased the change will be negative. Again, in the equation the percent is a decimal value; you need to multiply by 100 to get the actual percent.
1) percent problems. 2) Amount of change. 3) Amount of change.
The population of a town was 7250 in 2014 and 7375 in 2015. Which of the following was the percent increase from 2014 to 2015? (Round to the nearest tenth.) 1.5% 1.6% 1.7% 1.8%
1.7% Correct The percent of change is the amount of change divided by the original amount, multiplied by 100. The amount of change is 7375 - 7250 = 125. The percent change is 125/7250 × 100 = 1.7%.
17.38 - 19.26 + 14.2 simplify the expression. Which of the following is correct? 12.08 12.32 16.08 16.22
12.32 Correct The first step is to subtract (resulting in −1.88); then add the result to 14.2 (making 12.32 the solution). Line up decimal points when adding or subtracting.
A faucet is leaking 1 drop every 4 seconds. If 1 gallon is equal to 15,140 drops, which of the following lengths of time will it take for this faucet to leak 1 gallon of water? 1 hour, 3 minutes, 5 seconds 4 hours, 12 minutes, 20 seconds 16 hours, 49 minutes, 20 seconds 18 hours, 24 minutes, 5 seconds
16 hours, 49 minutes, 20 seconds Correct First convert 15,140 drops to seconds using the ratio given:15,140 drops × = 60,560 sec.Now convert seconds to hours:60,560 sec.× × = hr.Convert the remainder of hours back to minutes and seconds: hr. × = min. min. × = 20 sec.16 hours, 49 minutes, 20 seconds
A cylindrical canister is 9 inches high and has a diameter of 5 inches. The formula for the volume of a cylinder is where r is the radius and h is the height. Which of the following is the volume of the canister? 176.6 inches squared 45 inches squared 141.4 inches squared 706.9 inches squared
176.6 inches squared Correct First, find the radius: r=d/2 r=5 in/2=2.5 in Now use the formula for the volume of a cylinder: V=3.1416 (r^2)=3.1416 (2.5 in)^2(9in)=176.6in^2
The pie chart below shows a high school graduating class' enrollment in 4 types of universities: small private, large private, small public, and large public. Of the students who enrolled in a public university, which of the following is the percentage enrolled in a small public university? 11% 22% 27% 29%
22% Correct Divide the percentage who enrolled at a small public university by the total percentage who enrolled in a public university: 11/11+38= 22%
How many g are 1 oz?
28.35 g
Caroline reads 40 pages in 45 minutes. Which of the following is the approximate number minutes it will take her to read 265 pages? 202 minutes 236 minutes 265 minutes 298 minutes
298 minutes Correct A proportion is written using two ratios relating pages to minutes, with x representing the number of unknown minutes: 40/45=265/x . The proportion is solved by cross-multiplying and dividing: 40x = 11,925, x = 298.125. The solution is approximately 298 minutes.
How many s are 1 hr
3600 s
East River High School has released its graduation summary for the class of 2016. Out of a total of 558 senior students, 525 (94 percent) successfully completed their degree program and graduated. Of these, 402 (representing 72 percent of the total class) went on to attend to a two- or four-year college or university. The distribution of students among the four main types of colleges and universities—small or large private and small or large public—is shown in the figure below. As the data shows, the majority of East River High School's college-attending graduates chose a large, public institution. According to the figure, how many students from East River High School will attend a small, public college or university? -4 -44 -440 -4400
44 Correct The passage states that 402 students went on to attend college or university, and 11 percent of 402 is approximately 44 students (402 × 0.11 = 44.22).
Ashley has been training for a 10-kilometer race. Her average training pace is 8 minutes and 15 seconds per mile. If she maintains this pace during the race, which of the following will be her finishing time? (1 mile = 5280 feet; 1 foot = 0.3048 meters) 51:23 50:53 51:14 82:30
51:14 Correct First convert the length of the race to miles:Next convert her training pace to minutes (in decimal form):15 sec. × . = 0.25 min.8 min., 15 sec. = 8 min. + 0.25 min. = 8.25 min.Then multiply the length of the race by her pace per mile:6.21 mi. × = 51.23 min.Finally convert the time back to min:sec form:0.23 min. × = 14 sec.51:14
Alleles for brown eyes (B)are dominant over alleles for blue eyes (b). If two parents are both heterozygous for this gene, what is the percent chance that their offspring will have brown eyes? 25 50 75 100
75 Correct The Punnett square shows that there is a 75 percent chance the child will have the dominant B gene, and thus have brown eyes. BbBBBBbbBbbb
Which of the following is the total surface area of a box that is 18 inches long, 12 inches wide, and 6 inches high? 144 sq. in. 396 sq. in. 792 sq. in. 1,296 cu. in.
792 sq. in. Correct This rectangular prism has 2 sides that are 12 inches by 18 inches, 2 sides that are 12 inches by 6 inches, and 2 sides that are 18 inches by 6 inches. Add the area of all the sides to find the total surface area:SA = 2lw + 2lh + 2whSA = 2(18 in.)(12 in.) + 2(18 in.)(6 in.) + 2(12 in.)(6 in.)SA = 432 in.2 + 216 in.2 + 144 in.2 = 792 in.2
A pizza has a diameter of 10 inches. If a slice with a central angle of 40 degrees is cut from the pizza, which of the following will be the surface area of the pizza slice? 9.2. sq. in. 8.7 sq. in. 3.5 sq. in. 17.4 sq. in.
8.7 sq. in. Correct First find the radius of the pizza: r = d/2 r = 10 in/2 = 5 in. Next use the formula for sector area: A = 3.1416 r^2 (0/360 grades) A = 3.1416 (5 in)^2 (40 grades/360 grades)= (3.1416)(25)= 78.54 40/360=0.1111 78.54x0.1111= 8.7257
(3^2/1^3)-(4-8^2)+2^4 Simplify the expression. Which of the following is correct? -35 -4 28 85
85 Correct The expression can be simplified using PEMDAS: = 9 - (−60) + 16= 85
Complementary angles add to _____ degrees.
90
In the eighteenth century, renowned composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart set to music the poetry of a famous, well-known writer who shared his name_Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Which of the following punctuation marks correctly completes the sentence? ' : ; ?
: Correct The text following the explanation elaborates on what was said in the first part of the sentence, and is not an independent clause, so a colon is needed.
A student needs to accurately measure 17 mL of a solution to use in an experiment. Which of the following pieces of equipment should the student use? A - Beaker B - Graduated cylinder C - Dropper pipette D - Electronic balance
A - Beaker Beakers are generally used for stirring, mixing, and heating liquids, not for measuring the volume of a liquid. Although there are graduated beakers, the markings are only approximate, and, thus, they are not as precise as graduated cylinders, especially for smaller volumes such as 17 mL. B - Graduated cylinder (correct) The main function of a graduated cylinder is to measure the volume of a liquid. C - Dropper pipette The main function of a dropper pipette is to transfer liquid from one container to another. D - Electronic balance The main function of an electronic balance is to measure the mass of an object.
Which of the following words is spelled correctly? A - Jewelry B - Liason C - Momento D - Sargeant
A - Jewelry (correct) This is the correct spelling of this word. B - Liason The correct spelling of this word is "liaison". C - Momento The correct spelling of this word is "memento". D - Sargeant The correct spelling of this word is "sergeant".
Did you know that Bill will pick us up tomorrow? Which of the following phrases could replace the word "us" in the sentence above? A - she and me B - her and me C - her and I D - she and I
A - she and me The word "us" is an objective pronoun and can be replaced only with other objective pronouns. The word "me" is an objective pronoun, but "she" is a subjective pronoun. B - her and me (correct) Both "her" and "me" are objective pronouns, which is the same part of speech as "us" as used in the sentence. C - her and I The word "us" is an objective pronoun and can be replaced only with other objective pronouns. The word "her" is an objective pronoun, but "I" is a subjective pronoun. D - she and I The word "us" is an objective pronoun and can be replaced only with other objective pronouns. The words "she" and I are both subjective pronouns.
Compound-Complex Sentences?
A compound-complex sentence is comprised of at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. Example: Though Mitchell prefers watching romantic films, he rented the latest spy thriller, and he enjoyed it very much.
Polar covalent bonds
A covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive. These slight charges are called dipoles
homograph: digest
A digest (DIE jest) is a summary of information or a book or magazine that compiles and condenses information. For instance, the American publication Reader's Digest is a magazine that abridges nonfiction articles and compiles them in nearly monthly magazines. The word digest is derived from the Latin word digestus. Digest (die JEST) is a verb that means to break down food in the body in order to extract nutrition. Digest is also used figuratively to mean to consume and mentally process knowledge. A third meaning of digest is to systematize and organize something. The word digest is derived from digesten. Related words are digests, digested, digesting, digestion.
Phase diagrams
A graph of pressure versus temperature that shows the conditions under which the phases of a substance exist
Scatter plots
A graph with points plotted to show a possible relationship between two sets of data. use points to show relationships between two variables which can be plotted as coordinate points. One variable describes a position on the x-axis, and the other a point on the y-axis. Scatter plots can suggest relationships between variables. For example, both variables might increase together, or one may increase when the other decreases.
Estrogens
A group of sex hormones found more abundantly in females than males. They are responsible for female sexual maturation and other functions. Produced by the ovaries, stimulates Graafian follicles, which contain immature eggs cells
prepositional phrase
A group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun. Example: The dog is hiding under the porch
heterogeneous mixture
A mixture that is not uniform in composition; components are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture
Dropper pipette
A pipette is a laboratory tool commonly used in chemistry, biology and medicine to transport a measured volume of liquid, often as a media dispenser
homophones principle and principal
A principle is a rule, a law, a guideline, or a fact. A principal is the headmaster of a school or a person who's in charge of certain things in a company. Principal is also an adjective that means original, first, or most important.
simple sentence
A sentence consisting of one independent clause and no dependent clause Just because a sentence is simple doesn't mean it has to be short! A simple sentence has only one subject and one verb, but can have lots of modifying phrases. To help identify the type of sentence, cross out modifiers, objects, and prepositional phrases: The new car that I bought with the money I earned at my summer job already needs new tires and new brake pads.
A complex sentence?
A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause example; My Dad laughed when I told a joke.
topic sentence
A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
A slow process of dilation and disruption of the airways and alveoli caused by chronic bronchial obstruction.
hypotonic solution
A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution
What are the 5 elements of narrative writing?
A story has five basic but important elements. These five components are: the characters, the setting, the plot, the conflict, and the resolution. These essential elements keep the story running smoothly and allow the action to develop in a logical way that the reader can follow.
Codons
A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.
positive feedback
A type of regulation that responds to a change in conditions by initiating responses that will amplify the change. Takes organism away from a steady state.
What is the electron configuration of ground-state neutral magnesium (Mg)? A) 1s22s22p63s2 B) 1s22s22p23s2 C) 1s22s62p23s2 D) 1s22s22p23s3
A) 1s22s22p63s2 Correct Mg has an atomic number of 12 on the periodic table, meaning it has 12 protons and 12 electrons. These 12 electrons are assigned to orbitals in the order shown in Figure 9.4: 1s22s22p63s2.
If a plant that is homozygous dominant (T) for a trait is crossed with a plant that is homozygous recessive (t) for the same trait, what will be the phenotype of the offspring if the trait follows Mendelian patterns of inheritance? A) All offspring will show the dominant phenotype. B) All offspring will show the recessive phenotype. C) Half the offspring will show the dominant trait, and the other half will show the recessive phenotype. D) All the offspring will show a mix of the dominant and recessive phenotypes.
A) All offspring will show the dominant phenotype.
Mr. Tim Morgan — This letter is to inform Mr. Morgan that his application for the position of Lead Technician has been received by our Human Resources team. We have been pleased to receive a higher-than-expected number of applications for this position, and we are glad that Mr. Morgan is among the many who find our company an attractive place to build a career. Due to the influx of applications, our Human Resources team will be taking longer than previously stated to review candidates and schedule interviews. Please look for further communication from our Human Resources team in the next two to three weeks. Regards, Allison Wakefield Head of Human Resources Which of the following conclusions is well supported by the passage? A) The Human Resources team had previously informed Mr. Morgan that he would receive feedback on his application in less than two weeks. B) Mr. Morgan is well qualified for the position of Lead Technician and will be offered an interview. C) The Human Resources team will have trouble finding a qualified candidate for the position of Lead Technician. D) Mr. Morgan will respond to this communication by removing himself from consideration for the position of Lead Technician.
A) The Human Resources team had previously informed Mr. Morgan that he would receive feedback on his application in less than two weeks. Correct The author of the passage states that the team will be taking "longer than previously stated," implying that she had previously told Mr. Morgan that the process would take less than two weeks.
What is the relationship between the mean and the median in a data set that is skewed right? A. The mean is greater than the median. B. The mean is less than the median. C. The mean and median are equal. D. The mean may be greater than, less than, or equal to the median.
A) The mean is greater than the median. Feedback If the data is skewed right, the set includes extremes values that are to the right, or high. The median is unaffected by these high values, but the mean includes these high values and would therefore be greater.
Skin coloration and markings have an important role to play in the world of snakes. Those intricate diamonds, stripes, and swirls help the animals hide from predators, but perhaps most importantly (for us humans, anyway), the markings can also indicate whether the snake is venomous. While it might seem counterintuitive for a venomous snake to stand out in bright red or blue, that fancy costume tells any nearby predator that approaching him would be a bad idea. If you see a flashy-looking snake in the woods, though, those markings don't necessarily mean it's venomous: some snakes have found a way to ward off predators without the actual venom. The scarlet kingsnake, for example, has very similar markings to the venomous coral snake with whom it frequently shares a habitat. However, the kingsnake is actually nonvenomous; it's merely pretending to be dangerous to eat. A predatory hawk or eagle, usually hunting from high in the sky, can't tell the difference between the two species, and so the kingsnake gets passed over and lives another day. What is the author's primary purpose in writing this essay? A) To explain how the markings on a snake are related to whether it's venomous. B) To teach readers the difference between coral snakes and kingsnakes. C) To illustrate why snakes are dangerous. D) To demonstrate how animals survive in difficult environments.
A) To explain how the markings on a snake are related to whether it's venomous. Correct The passage states that a snakes' "intricate diamonds, stripes, and swirls help the animals hide from predators, but perhaps most importantly (for us humans, anyway), the markings can also indicate whether the snake is venomous."
Which of the following sentences is irrelevant as part of a paragraph composed of these sentences? A) Traffic around the arena was heavy, so we were worried we'd miss the opening pitch. B) My brother and I won tickets in a radio station contest to see his favorite team play on opening day. C) To win the contest, you had to be the 395th caller and know the answer to a trivia question; we waited anxiously by the phone for the contest to begin. D) My brother has followed the team since childhood, so we knew he'd be able to answer the trivia question correctly.
A) Traffic around the arena was heavy, so we were worried we'd miss the opening pitch. Correct This sentence does not relate to the flow of information provided by the other three, which tell the story of the siblings' experience with the radio contest. It only discusses the siblings' experience attending the game itself.
The study showed that private tutoring is providing a significant advantage to those students who are able to afford it. Researchers looked at the grades of students who had received free tutoring through the school versus those whose parents had paid for private tutors. The study included 2,500 students in three high schools across four grade levels. The study found that private tutoring corresponded with a rise in grade point average (GPA) of 0.5 compared to students who used the school's free tutor service and 0.7 compared to students who used no tutoring. After reviewing the study, the board is recommending that the school restructure its free tutor service to provide a more equitable education for all students. Which of the following would weaken the author's argument? A) a report stating that the cited study was funded by a company that provides discounted tutoring through schools B) a study showing differences in standardized test scores among students at schools in different neighborhoods C) a statement signed by local teachers stating that they do not provide preferential treatment in the classroom or when grading D) a study showing that GPA does not strongly correlate with success in college
A) a report stating that the cited study was funded by a company that provides discounted tutoring through schools Correct A company that profits from private tutoring might introduce bias into a study on the effects of private tutoring in schools.
A voter wants to find out the locations of polling places for an upcoming state election. Which of the following sources should the voter use? A) a website run by the state's board of elections B) an endorsement of a candidate from a local newspaper C) a blog run by a local radio personality D) a book on the history of elections
A) a website run by the state's board of elections Correct The website of a state's board of elections will have current information about polling places, voting hours, and issues on the ballot. Other resources could be incorrect, out of date, or biased.
How is the following reaction classified2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2 A) decomposition B) combustion C) substitution D) double displacement
A) decomposition Correct This reaction has a single reactant compound and produces simpler molecules. It is therefore a decomposition reaction.
Which of the following is NOT a function of progesterone in the female reproductive system? A) expression of secondary sexual characteristics, such as enlarged breasts B) stimulation of milk production in the breasts C) regulation and preparation of the endometrial lining of the uterus for potential pregnancy D) inhibition of contractions of the uterus as the ovum is released
A) expression of secondary sexual characteristics, such as enlarged breasts Correct Expression of secondary sexual characteristics is regulated by estrogen.
Which of the following describes a situation in which research results are consistent with every subsequent experiment, but the test used in the experiment does not measure what it claims to measure? A) reliable, but not valid B) valid, but not reliable C) neither reliable nor valid D) both reliable and valid
A) reliable, but not valid Correct Data is considered reliable if similar results are found after repeated experiments following consistent conditions; however, if data does not accurately measure the variable it is intended to measure, it is not considered valid.
In the sentence below, the prefix poly- and the suffix -glot in the word polyglot indicate that the writer's sister does which of the following? My sister is a polyglot, and comfortably travels all over the world. A) speaks many language B) loves to travel C) finds new jobs easily D) is unafraid of new places
A) speaks many language Correct A) is correct. The prefix poly— means many, and the suffix -glot means in a language or tongue.Therefore, the writer's sister speaks many languages.
Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of proteins found in the phospholipid bilayer of a cell membrane? A) to break down material that enters through the cell membrane B) to act as receptors that recognize and transmit hormonal messages C) to provide an attachment point for other cells D) to transport material across the membrane into the cell
A) to break down material that enters through the cell membrane Correct Cytoplasm breaks down material that enters through the cell membrane.
Which of the following describes the function of the fascia in muscle tissue? A) to enclose, protect, support, and separate muscle tissue B) to connect muscle tissue to bone C) to serve as the contractile unit of muscle D) to slide past the actin protein cells in muscle to create contraction
A) to enclose, protect, support, and separate muscle tissue Correct Fascia is connective tissue that encloses individual muscle fibers.
If a rectangular field has a perimeter of 44 yards, and a length of 36 feet, what is the field's width? A. 30 feet B. 28 yards C. 18 feet D. 42 feet
A. 30 feet Feedback 1 yard = 3 feet44 yards = 132 feetPerimeter = 2 × (length) + 2 × (width)132 = 2(36) + 2 (X) widthWidth = = 30 feet
Lynn has 4 test scores in science class. Each test is worth 100 points, and Lynn has an 85% average. If Lynn scored 100% on each of the first 3 tests, what did she score on her 4th test? A. 40% B. 55% C. 85% D. 100%
A. 40% Feedback To calculate the average, add all of the scores and divide by the total number of scores. Use the variable x in place of the missing score. 100+100+100+X/4=85 300+X/4=85 300+X=85x4 300+X=340 X=340-300 X=40
Which sentence in the following list is CORRECT in its pronoun-antecedent agreement? A. The grandchildren and their cousins enjoyed their day at the park. B. Most of the grass has lost their deep color. C. The jury was relieved as their commitment came to a close. D. Every boy and girl must learn to behave themselves in school.
A. The grandchildren and their cousins enjoyed their day at the park. Correct A. Correct. The plural antecedents Grandchildren and cousins match the plural possessive pronoun their. B. Incorrect. The antecedent grass is singular; therefore its matching pronoun should also be the singular its, not their. The sentence should read, "Most of the grass has lost its deep color." C. Incorrect. Here, the collective noun jury is functioning as a singular body and thus takes a singular pronoun. The sentence should read, "The jury was relieved as its commitment came to a close." D. Incorrect. When every precedes the antecedent, the pronoun agreement is singular. The technically correct sentence should read, "Every boy and girl must learn to behave himself or herself in school."
The teacher not only condoned the student's behavior but also actively encouraged it. Which of the following is the definition of the underlined word in the sentence above? A. allowed B. punished C. ignored D. questioned
A. allowed Feedback Context clues in the sentence such as the phrase, "actively encouraged it" suggests that the student's behavior was approved. Therefore, the word that best defines condoned is allowed.
The ________ professor was asked to give speeches at many different universities. Which of the following is the correctly spelled word to complete the sentence? A. illustrious B. illustrius C. illustros D. illustries
A. illustrious Explanation:The correct spelling of the word is illustrious. The suffix -ious is spelled correctly to make the word an adjective that properly fits into the sentence.
__________ baked the cookies herself and ate most of them. Which pronoun best completes the sentence? A. she B. you C. they D. I
A. she Correct A. Correct. The subject of the sentence is female (as shown by the reflexive pronoun herself), so the female subject pronoun she should be used.
Shelly achieved more at nursing school because she was going to bed earlier, eating healthy food, and______ home to study more. Which word or phrase best completes the sentence? A. staying B. to stay C. will be staying D. stays
A. staying Correct A. Correct. The other verbs in the series are going and eating, so staying is the only verb that fits in the series.
oral/aural
AURAL: This is an adjective describing something related to the ear or the sense of hearing. Ex: The musical play was a wonderful visual and aural experience! (related to the sense of hearing) Ex: Doctors sometimes use a digital aural thermometer that measures the temperature in the ear. (related to the ear) ORAL: This is an adjective describing something related to the mouth or something spoken. Ex: Brushing your teeth twice a day is an important part of oral hygiene. (related to the mouth) Ex: The brothers reached an oral agreement regarding their shared property. (something spoken instead of in writing)
synovial joints (diarthroses)
Also called movable joints At ends of long bones Within articular capsules Lined with synovial membrane
Which of the following is a complex sentence? -Engineers designed seat belts to stop the inertia of traveling bodies by applying an opposing force to the driver and passengers during a collision. -Hurricanes cost the United States roughly $5 billion per year in damages and have been the cause of almost two million deaths in the last 200 years. -Woodstock appeared in the Peanuts comic strips as early as April of 1967, but he was not named until June of 1970, ten months after the famous music festival of the same name, Woodstock. -Although organized firefighting groups existed as early as ancient Egyptian times, the first fully state-run brigade was created by Emperor Augustus of Rome.
Although organized firefighting groups existed as early as ancient Egyptian times, the first fully state-run brigade was created by Emperor Augustus of Rome. Correct An independent clause (the first fully...of Rome) is connected with a dependent clause (Although organized...Egyptian times) using a comma.
verb without direct object
An action verb with a direct object is transitive while an action verb with no direct object is intransitive. Some verbs, such as arrive, go, lie, sneeze, sit, and die, are always intransitive; it is impossible for a direct object to follow.
Homozygous
An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
Monohybrid
An organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene of interest. All the offspring from a cross between parents homozygous for different alleles are monohybrids. For example, parents of genotypes AA and aa produce a monohybrid of genotype Aa.
Check the image P ∩ Q = {6, 12, 18}
Analysis: Start by filling in the elements in the intersection. Since P = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18} and Q = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18}, we know that 6, 12 and 18 will be filled in first.
Which of the following sentences has the correct subject-verb agreement? -The Iris and B. Gerald Cantor Roof Garden, atop the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, offer a remarkable view. -The Mammoth-Flint Ridge Cave System, located in central Kentucky inside Mammoth Cave National Park, are the largest cave system in the world. -Andy Warhol's paintings, in addition to being the subject of the largest single-artist museum in the United States, are in great demand. -The field of child development are concerned with the emotional, psychological, and biological developments of infants and children.
Andy Warhol's paintings, in addition to being the subject of the largest single-artist museum in the United States, are in great demand. Correct Subject and verb only agree in Choice C. In Choice A, Garden requires a singular verb (offers), as does System in Choice B (is). In Choice D, the subject field requires a singular verb (is).
Most elements require eight electrons to fill their outermost shell (2 in s and 6 in p). So, elements with six or seven valence electrons are likely to gain electrons (and become__________________ and electrically________________)
Anions Negatives
Simplify: −3^2 + 4(5) + (5 - 6)^2 - 8
Answer: Calculate the expressions inside the parentheses: −(3)^2 + 4(5) + (5 - 6)^2 - 8 = −(3)^2 + 4(5) + (−1)^2 - 8 Simplify exponents and radicals: −(3)^2 + 4(5) + (−1)^2 - 8 = −9 + 4(5) + 1 - 8 Note that −(3)^2 = −1(3)^2 = −9 but (−1)^2 = (−1)(−1) = 1 Perform multiplication and division from left to right: −9 + 4(5) + 1 - 8 = −9 + 20 + 1 - 8 Lastly, perform addition and subtraction from left to right: −9 + 20 + 1 - 8 = 11 + 1 - 8 = 12 - 8 = 4
Simplify: (3.8 × 10^3) + (4.7 × 10^2)
Answer: In order to add, the exponents of 10 must be the same. Change the first number so the power of 10 is 2: 3.8 × 10^3 = 3.8 × 10 × 10^2 = 38 × 10^2 Add the terms together and write the number in proper scientific notation: 38 × 10^2 + 4.7 × 10^2 = 42.7 × 10^2 = 4.27 × 10^3
What is the slope of the line whose equation is 6x - 2y - 8 = 0?
Answer: Rearrange the equation into slope-intercept form by solving the equation for y. Isolate -2y by subtracting 6x and adding 8 to both sides of the equation. -2y = -6x + 8 Divide both sides by -2: y = (-6x + 8)/-2 Simplify the fraction. y = 3x - 4 The slope is 3, since it is the coefficient of x.
Simplify: [(7 − 9)^3 + 8(10 − 12)]/(4^2 - 5^2)
Answer: Simplify the top and bottom expressions separately using the same steps described above: [(−2)^3 + 8(−2)]/(4^2 - 5^2) = [(−2)^3 + (−16)]/(4^2 - 5^2) = [−8 + (−16)]/(16 - 25) = −24/−9 = 8/3
FIND THE ERROR: On the test people who don't carefully read and follow directions are likely to make mistakes.
As is, this sentence is unclear. The phrase "on the test" is meant to modify the noun mistakes, so the phrase should be moved to follow this noun: People who don't carefully read and follow directions are likely to make mistakes on the test.
Bridget is repainting her rectangular bedroom. Two walls measure 15 feet by 9 feet, and the other two measure 12.5 feet by 9 feet. One gallon of paint covers an average of 32 square meters. Which of the following is the number of gallons of paint that Bridget will use? (There are 3.28 feet in 1 meter.) A) 0.72 gallons B) 1.43 gallons C) 4.72 gallons D) 15.5 gallons
B) 1.43 gallons Correct First convert the dimensions to meters: 15 ft. × 1 m/3.28 ft. = 4.57 m 9 ft. × 1 m/3.28 ft. = 2.74 m 12.5 ft. × 1 m/3.28 ft. = 3.81 m Next find the total area in square meters: total area = 2(4.57 m × 2.74 m) + 2(3.81 m × 2.74 m) = 45.9 m2 Finally convert the area to gallons of paint: 45.9 m2 × 1 gallon/32 m2 = 1.43 gallons
Which of the following choices places these fractions in the correct order from greatest to least? 1/3, -1/4, 1/2, -1/5, 1/7, -1/6 A) 1/2, 1/3, 1/7, -1/5, -1/6, -1/4 B) 1/2, 1/3, 1/7, -1/6, -1/5, -1/4 C) 1/2, 1/7, 1/3, -1/4, -1/5, -1/6 D) 1/2, 1/3, 1/7, -1/6, -1/4, -1/5
B) 1/2, 1/3, 1/7, -1/6, -1/5, -1/4 Correct Since all the numerators are the same, the numbers can be ordered by comparing the denominators. The largest positive fractions have the smallest denominators (since dividing by larger numbers creates smaller fractions). For the negative fractions, the fraction closest to 0 (and therefore the largest) will be the one with the smallest absolute value (and largest denominator).
Adam is painting the outside of a 4-walled shed. The shed is 5 feet wide, 4 feet deep, and 7 feet high. Which of the following is the amount of paint Adam will need for the four walls? A) 80 ft.2 B) 126 ft.2 C) 140 ft.2 D) 560 ft.2
B) 126 ft.2 Correct Find the area of all of the sides of the shed. Two walls measure 5 feet by 7 feet; the other two walls measure 4 feet by 7 feet: A = 2l1w1 + 2l2w2 A = 2(5 ft.)(7 ft.) + 2(4 ft.)(7 ft.) A = 70 ft.2 + 56 ft.2 = 126 ft.2
Which of the following bonds would have the largest dipole moment? A) C—H B) C—F C) C—O D) C—N
B) C—F Correct The difference in electronegativity is the greatest between carbon and fluorine, so the C—F bond will have the largest dipole moment.
List the following in order of decreasing electronegativity: fluorine (F), bromine (Br), magnesium (Mg), strontium (Sr). A) F > Mg > Br < Sr B) F > Br > Mg > Sr C) Br > Mg > Sr > F D) Sr > Mg > Br > F
B) F > Br > Mg > Sr Correct Electronegativity generally increases from bottom to top and from right to left on the periodic table. This means that the most electronegative atoms are at the top right of the table. Thus, of the elements listed, F is the most electronegative, followed by Br, Mg, and then Sr with the lowest electronegativity: F > Br > Mg > Sr.
Book Sales by Distributor Distributor: Wholesale Books; Cost Structure: $100 for the first 25 books; $80 for every 25 additional books Distributor: The Book Barn; Cost Structure: $98 for every 25 books Distributor: Books and More; Cost Structure: $3.99 per book Distributor: Quarter Price Books; Cost Structure: $3.99 per book for the first 25 books; $2.99 for each additional book A teacher wants to buy an additional twenty-five books for her classroom. If she orders her books separately, which distributor would offer the cheapest price? A) Wholesale Books B) The Book Barn C) Books and More D) Quarter Price Books
B) The Book Barn Correct The Book Barn would offer the lowest price: $98 for twenty-five books.
Chapter 2: Amphibians of Texas Frogs A) Tree Frogs B) __________ C) True Frogs Toads A) True Toads B) Narrowmouth Toads C) Burrowing Toads Salamanders Based on the pattern in the headings, which of the following is a reasonable heading to insert in the blank spot? A) Gray Tree Frog B) Tropical Frogs C) Newts D) Spadefoot Toads
B) Tropical Frogs Correct Tropical Frogs belongs under the heading Frogs with the other types of frogs. The blank spot should not include a specific species of frog or refer to amphibians other than frogs.
Which of the following mutations would most likely be passed on to an organism's offspring? A) a mutation that prevents the production of functioning sperm cells B) a mutation that causes the deterioration of nerve cells in mature adults C) a mutation that does not cause any changes to the organism's phenotype D) a mutation that limits the growth of bone cells in children
B) a mutation that causes the deterioration of nerve cells in mature adults Correct Because this mutation presents in older adults who have likely already reproduced, it is likely to have been passed on to the next generation. Mutations that affect reproduction and children are much less likely to be passed on. A mutation that causes no changes in phenotype may either disappear or spread as a result of random fluctuations in the gene pool.
As you can see from the graph [FIGURE], my babysitting business has been really successful. The year started with a busy couple of months—several snows combined with a large number of requests for Valentine's Day services boosted our sales quite a bit. The spring months have admittedly been a bit slow, but we're hoping for a big summer once school gets out. Several clients have already put in requests for our services! Which of the following best describes the tone of the passage? A) professional B) casual C) concerned D) neutral
B) casual Correct The author uses several markers of casual writing, including the first person, exclamation marks, and informal language.
Which intermolecular forces would need to be considered in predicting the relative physical properties of CH3F, CH3Cl, CH3Br, and CH3I? A) London force only B) dipole-dipole and London force only C) dipole-dipole and hydrogen bonding only D) dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, and London force
B) dipole-dipole and London force only Correct These molecules are polar and so are subject to both dipole-dipole and London forces. There are no hydrogen atoms bound to high electronegative atoms, so there will be no hydrogen bonding.
The process that takes place when water reaches its boiling point is called A) condensation. B) evaporation. C) melting. D) sublimation.
B) evaporation.
A scientist designs an experiment to test the hypothesis that exposure to more sunlight will increase the growth rate of elodea, a type of aquatic plant. The scientist has accumulated data from previous experiments that identify the average growth rate of elodea exposed to natural sunlight in the wild. In the experiment set up, there are three tanks housing ten elodea each. Tank A is positioned in front of a window to receive natural sunlight similar to what elodea are exposed to; tank B is positioned in front of the same window but has an additional sunlight-replicating lamp affixed to it; and tank C is positioned in a dark corner with no exposure to natural sunlight. When setting up the above experiment, the scientist has the option of using a separate water filter for each of the three tanks or using a single filtration system that attaches all three and affects them simultaneously. Which of the following filter set ups makes a more valid experiment and why? A) separate filters for each of the three tanks, because this ensures a higher quality of water for each tank B) one filtration system for all three tanks, because this makes filtration a controlled variable C) one filtration system for all three tanks, because this reduces the workload for the researcher D) separate filters for each of the three tanks, because this adds another variable to be tested and analyzed for inclusion in the experiment's results
B) one filtration system for all three tanks, because this makes filtration a controlled variable Correct Using one filtration system for all three tanks keeps the water quality across all three tanks constant and eliminates experimental bias for this variable.
Which of the following nouns is written in the correct plural form? A) monkies B) parties C) watchs D) sheeps
B) parties Correct B) is correct. Only parties has been made plural correctly.
Which of the following sets of valves is primarily responsible for preventing blood flow from major blood vessels to the heart? A) atrioventricular valves B) semilunar valves C) tricuspid valves D) bicuspid valves
B) semilunar valves Correct Semilunar valves are present in the pulmonary trunk and the aortic trunk; they allow blood to enter the vessels and prevent its return back to the heart.
The social and political discourse of America continues to be permeated with idealism. An idealistic viewpoint asserts that the ideals of freedom, equality, justice, and human dignity are the truths that Americans must continue to aspire to. Idealists argue that truth is what should be, not necessarily what is. In general, they work to improve things and to make them as close to ideal as possible. Which of the following best captures the author's purpose? A) to advocate for freedom, equality, justice, and human rights B) to explain what an idealist believes in C) to explain what's wrong with social and political discourse in America D) to persuade readers to believe in certain truths
B) to explain what an idealist believes in Correct The purpose of the passage is to explain what an idealist believes in. The author does not offer any opinions or try to persuade readers about the importance of certain values.
The floor of Mark's bedroom measures 11 feet by 13.5 feet. What is the area of his bedroom in square meters? (1 meter = 3.28 feet) A. 3.8 B. 13.8 C. 148.5 D. 958
B. 13.8 Feedback (11 feet)(12 inches)=132; (132 inches)(2.54 cent.)=335.28= 3.3528 m. (13.5 feet)(12 inches)=162; (162 inches)(2.54 cent.)=411.48= 4.1148 m. (3.3528)(4.1148)=13.8 First, convert the dimensions from feet to meters:Next, multiply the dimensions to find the area:3.3528 m × 4.1148 m = 13.796 4.1148 m = 13.796
A radio station plays songs that last an average of 3.5 minutes and has commercial breaks that last 2 minutes. If the station is required to play 1 commercial break for every 4 songs, how many songs can the station play in an hour? A. 14 B. 15 C. 16 D. 17
B. 15 Feedback Write an equation to model the problem where x represents the number of songs. 3.5x represents the number of minutes taken up by songs, and represents the number of minutes taken up by commercials (2 minutes per commercial break, 1 commercial break per 4 songs). 3.5x4+2=16 60/16=3.75 3.75x4=15
A female who carries the recessive color blindness gene mates with a color-blind male, resulting in a male child. Which of the following numbers represents the likelihood the offspring will also be color blind? A. 25 percent B. 50 percent C. 100 percent D. 0 percent
B. 50 percent Feedback The offspring has a 50 percent chance of inheriting the dominant allele and a 50 percent chance of inheriting the recessive allele from his mother.
Which of the following is a compound sentence? A. The turtle swam slowly around the pond. B. Alligators generally lie still, but they can move with lightning speed. C. Mice are most likely to come out at night after other animals have gone to sleep. D. Squirrels, to prepare for winter, gather and hide seeds and nuts underground.
B. Alligators generally lie still, but they can move with lightning speed. Correct A. Incorrect. This is a simple sentence. B. Correct. "Alligators...still" and "they...speed" are two independent clauses connected by acomma and the coordinating conjunction but. C. Incorrect. This is a complex sentence, as "after other animals..." is a dependent clause beginningwith the subordinating conjunction after. D. Incorrect. This is a simple sentence although it contains both a prepositional and a verb phrase.
___________ patients are more likely to seek medical care because they aren't deterred by the cost. Which word best completes the sentence? A. Ensured B. Insured C. Innsured D. Ennsured
B. Insured (Correct) Explanation:The word that best completes the sentence is insured. Context clues such as the words patients, medical care, and cost, relate to the word insurance, which is spelled similarly to insured.
Which sentence in the following list is CORRECT in its subject-verb agreement? A. My sister and my best friend lives in Chicago. B. My parents or my brother is going to pick me up from the airport. C. Neither of the students refuse to take the exam. D. The team were playing a great game until the rain started.
B. My parents or my brother is going to pick me up from the Correct A. Incorrect. Because the sentence reads "My sister and my best friend," the subject is plural and needs a plural verb (live). B. Correct. The verb agrees with the closest subject—in this case, the singular brother. C. Incorrect. Neither is a singular, indefinite pronoun, so the agreement is singular. Neither refuses... D. Incorrect. In the context of a game, the team is functioning as a singular, so it should take a singular verb. The team was...
Which of the following sentences has correct verb tense agreement? A. Veronica attends cooking classes, and she went to yoga classes too. B. Veronica attended cooking classes, and she went to yoga classes too. C. Veronica attended cooking classes, and she goes to yoga classes too. D. Veronica attended cooking classes, and she will go to yoga classes too.
B. Veronica attended cooking classes, and she went to yoga classes too Correct B. Correct. The use of too suggests that both Veronica's activities are occurring at the same time.Only choice B has the two verbs in the same tense: attended and went are both past tense.
My dad, who is a car fanatic, has a very unique way of celebrating the holiday season. He decorates his Ford Mustang with Christmas lights, which have a striking effect when the car cruises down the street.Then he drives to the homes of our relatives to drop off holiday gifts. The above passage has an error. How should it be fixed? A. change who to whom B. delete very before the adjective unique C. change effect to affect D. change Then to Than
B. delete very before the adjective unique Correct A. Incorrect. The relative pronoun who is acting as the subject of the subordinate clause "who is a car fanatic," so it is correct. Whom is the object pronoun. B. Correct. Unique is an ultimate superlative, meaning it cannot be modified by adverbs like very. If something is unique, it cannot be more or less unique than something else. C. Incorrect. Here, effect is a noun meaning impression. It is used correctly in this passage. Affect is generally used as a verb meaning "to act upon." D. Incorrect. Then refers to a point in time; here, when the narrator's father drives to deliver holiday gifts. It is used correctly in this passage. Than sets up a comparison and would not make sense here.
Which of the following are considered the basic units of the female reproductive system, each containing a single immature egg cell that is released during ovulation? A. ovaries B. follicles C. fundus D. oocytes
B. follicles Feedback B) is correct. Ovarian follicles each contain a sac with an immature egg, or oocyte. During the female reproductive cycle, several oocytes will mature into a mature ovum. Eventually, one ovum is released per cycle during ovulation.
The patient had suffered from chronic coughing for several years. Which of the following is the meaning of chronic in the sentence above? A. new B. ongoing C. severe D. mild
B. ongoing Explanation:Ongoing speaks to a long period of time (i.e. several years) during which the patient had suffered from coughing
The patient came to the emergency room complaining of a keen pain in her stomach. Which of the following is the meaning of keen in the sentence above? A. mild B. sharp C. nonexistent D. intermittent
B. sharp Explanation:Context clues in the sentence, such as emergency room and complaining, suggest a serious situation. The word sharp matches the level of intensity suggested by the word keen.
Which of the following is the y-intercept of the line whose equation is7y − 42x + 7 = 0? A) (1/6, 0) B) (6, 0) C) (0, −1) D) (−1, 0)
C) (0, −1) Correct The y-intercept will have an x value of 0. This eliminates choices A), B) and D). Plug x = 0 into the equation and solve for y to find the y-intercept:7y − 42(0) + 7 = 0, so 7y = −7 and therefore y = − 1. The correct answer is (0, −1). 7y − 42x + 7 = 0 -7y=-42x+7 y=-42x+7/-7 y=6x-1 (0, -1)
(4x - 5)/3 = (1/2(2x − 6))/5 Simplify the expression. Which of the following is the value of x? A) −2/7 B) −417 C) 16/17 D) 8/7
C) 16/17 Correct A proportion is solved by cross-multiplying: 5(4x - 5) = 3/2(2x - 6) Then, the linear equation is solved for x: 20x - 25 = 3x - 9; 17x = 16; x = 16/17.
Melissa is ordering fencing to enclose a square area of 5625 square feet. Which of the following is the number of feet of fencing she needs? A) 75 feet B) 150 feet C) 300 feet D) 5,625 feet
C) 300 feet A=r^2 square root of 5625=75 P=4xs 75x4=300
4 - 1/2^2 + 24 ÷ (8 + 12) Simplify the expression. Which of the following is correct? A) 1.39 B) 2.74 C) 4.95 D) 15.28
C) 4.95 Correct First complete the operations in parentheses: 4 - 1/2^2 + 24 ÷ (8 + 12) = 4 - 1/2^2 + 24 ÷ (20) Next simplify the exponents: 4 - 1/2^2 + 24 ÷ (20) = -1/2^2= (1/2)(1/2)= -1/4 4 - 1/4 + 24 ÷ (20) Then complete multiplication and division operations: 4 - 1/4 + 24 ÷ (20) = 4 − 0.25 + 1.2 Finally complete addition and subtraction operations: 4 − 0.25 + 1.2 = 4.95
A restaurant employs servers, hosts, and managers in a ratio of 9:2:1. If there are 36 total employees, which of the following is the number of hosts at the restaurant? A) 3 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8
C) 6 Correct In algebraic terms, the ratio can be expressed with the following equation: 9x + 2x + 1x = 36 Here, x represents some common factor by which each number of employees was divided to reduce the ratio. Solve for x, then find 2x to solve for the number of hosts: 9x + 2x + 1x = 36 12x = 36 x = 3 2x = 2 × 3 = 6
It had been a long morning for Julia. She'd been woken up early by the sound of lawn mowers outside her window, and despite her best efforts, had been unable to get back to sleep. So, she'd reluctantly got out of bed, showered, and prepared her morning cup of coffee. At least, she tried to anyway. In the kitchen she'd discovered she was out of regular coffee and had to settle for a decaffeinated cup instead. Once on the road, her caffeine-free mug of coffee didn't help make traffic less annoying. In fact, it seemed to Julia like the other drivers were sluggish and surly as well—it took her an extra fifteen minutes to get to work. And when she arrived, all the parking spots were full. By the time she'd finally found a spot in the overflow lot, she was thirty minutes late for work. She'd hoped her boss would be too busy to notice, but he'd already put a pile of paperwork on her desk with a note that simply said "Rewrite." She wondered if she should point out to her boss that she hadn't been the one to write the reports in the first place, but decided against it. When the fire alarm went off an hour later, Julia decided she'd had enough. She grabbed her purse and headed outside with her coworkers. While everyone else stood around waiting for the alarm to quiet, Julia determinedly walked to her car, fired up the engine, and set a course for home. Which of the following statements based on the passage should be considered an opinion? A) Julia's boss asked her to do work to help one of her coworkers. B) Julia was late to work because of traffic. C) It was irresponsible for Julia to leave work early. D) Julia was tired because she'd been woken up early.
C) It was irresponsible for Julia to leave work early. Correct Whether it was irresponsible for Julia to leave work is a matter of opinion. Some readers may agree, and others may disagree. The other statements are facts that can be proven from the passage.
Which of the following sentences has correct pronoun-antecedent agreement? A) The storm, which included three days of rain, was very strong, and they left half the city flooded. B) Each of the cars needs to be examined for damage by a mechanic; he may need repairs. C) The number of people who had to evacuate hasn't been confirmed, but it is small. D) Many people were able to take advantage of shelters, where he or she was kept safe from the storm.
C) The number of people who had to evacuate hasn't been confirmed, but it is small. Correct Number is singular, so it agrees with the singular pronoun it.
Which of the following is a true statement about dominance in genetics? A) All genes follow Mendel's law of dominance. B) A dominant allele will always be expressed. C) When two dominant alleles are present, the resulting phenotype will express both traits. D) There are three or more alleles possible for all genes.
C) When two dominant alleles are present, the resulting phenotype will express both traits. Correct Codominance occurs when two dominant alleles are both expressed.
Two mice are both heterozygous for two traits: white fur (Ww) and short fur (Ss). Their offspring are most likely to have which of the following genotypes for these traits? A) wwss B) WWSS C) WwSs D) WWSs
C) WwSs Correct There is a 1/4 chance that the resulting offspring will have a WwSs genotype. WS Ws wS ws WS WWSS WWsS WwSS WwSs Ws WWsS WWss WwSs Wwss wS WwSS WwsS wwSS wwSs ws WwSs Wwss wwSs wwss
Which of the following conditions is caused by an immune response? A) COPD B) influenza C) asthma D) emphysema
C) asthma
A scientist designs an experiment to test the hypothesis that exposure to more sunlight will increase the growth rate of elodea, a type of aquatic plant. The scientist has accumulated data from previous experiments that identify the average growth rate of elodea exposed to natural sunlight in the wild. In the experiment set up, there are three tanks housing ten elodea each. Tank A is positioned in front of a window to receive natural sunlight similar to what elodea are exposed to; tank B is positioned in front of the same window but has an additional sunlight-replicating lamp affixed to it; and tank C is positioned in a dark corner with no exposure to natural sunlight. The above experimental design description is an example of which of the following types of experiments? A) field experiment B) natural experiment C) controlled experiment D) observational study
C) controlled experiment Correct A controlled experiment requires researchers to compare an experimental group with a control group while controlling all variables except for the independent variable, which the researcher manipulates to test the hypothesis.
The study showed that private tutoring is providing a significant advantage to those students who are able to afford it. Researchers looked at the grades of students who had received free tutoring through the school versus those whose parents had paid for private tutors. The study included 2,500 students in three high schools across four grade levels. The study found that private tutoring corresponded with a rise in grade point average (GPA) of 0.5 compared to students who used the school's free tutor service and 0.7 compared to students who used no tutoring. After reviewing the study, the board is recommending that the school restructure its free tutor service to provide a more equitable education for all students. Which of the following types of arguments is used in the passage? A) emotional argument B) appeal to authority C) specific evidence D) rhetorical questioning
C) specific evidence Correct The author cites specific evidence—data from a study—to support his or her argument.
Neurotransmitters send chemical messages across the gap between one neuron and another through which of the following structures? A) Schwann cell B) ganglion C) synapse D) axon
C) synapse Correct Synapses are connections between two neurons. Nerve signals trigger the release of neurotransmitters, which carry the nerve impulse across the synaptic cleft, or gap, between cells, to be received by the receptor site of the next cell.
The diagram represents the lock-and-key model of enzymes. According to the figure, the products are formed from which of the following? A) the enzyme B) the enzyme-substrate complex C) the substrate D) the active site
C) the substrate Correct The diagram indicates that products are formed when the substrate is broken apart.
Alex, David, and Rachel go out to dinner. Alex and David decide to split an appetizer that costs $8.50, and Rachel gets her own appetizer that costs $6.50. Rachel orders lemonade that costs $3, while Alex and David drink the free water. They all order entrées that cost the same price. They split up the bill according to what each person ordered.Which of the following states how much less Alex and David will pay thanRachel? A. $1.00 B. $5.00 C. $5.25 D. $7.25
C. $5.25 Explanation:Alex and David split an appetizer that costs $8.50, so each will pay $4.25 in addition to the price of the entrée. Rachel orders an appetizer for $6.50, plus lemonade for $3, so she will pay $9.50 in addition to the price of the entrée. $9.50 − $4.25 = $5.25
A landscaping company charges 5 cents per square foot for fertilizer. How much would they charge to fertilize a 30-foot-by-50-foot lawn? A. $7.50 B. $15.00 C. $75.00 D. $150.00
C. $75.00 Feedback Multiply the area by the charge per square foot.Area = 50 × 30 = 1,500 square feet; 1,500 × 0.05 = $75.00
Which of the following is the temperature at which all molecular motion stops? A. −460°C B. −273 K C. 0 K D. 0°C
C. 0 K Feedback Absolute zero, or the lowest temperature theoretically possible, is 0 on the Kelvin scale. It is also written as -460 degrees F and -273 degrees C.
Ashley has been training for a 10-kilometer race. Her average training pace is 8 minutes and 15 seconds per mile. If she maintains this pace during the race, which of the following will be her finishing time? (1 mile = 5280 feet; 1 foot = 0.3048 meters) A. 51:23 B. 50:53 C. 51:14 D. 82:30
C. 51:14 Explanation: 1 kilometre is 0.621 mile. 0.621 X 10= 6.210; 6.210 X 8.15= 50.64; 64 seconds are 1 minute 14 seconds, so the result is 51 minutes 14 seconds.
Which sentence includes an improperly placed comma? A. Ella, Cassie, and Cameron drove to South Carolina together. B. Trying to impress his friends, Carl ended up totaling his car. C. Ice cream is my favorite food, it is so cold and creamy. D. Mowing the lawn, Frank discovered a family of baby rabbits.
C. Ice cream is my favorite food, it is so cold and creamy. Correct A. Incorrect. The commas separate items in a series (in this case, the three friends). B. Incorrect. The comma correctly follows the verbal phrase "trying to impress his friends,"which modifies Carl. C. Correct. "Ice cream...food" and "it...creamy" are two independent clauses. The writer should include a coordinating conjunction like for or separate the clauses with a semicolon. D. Incorrect. The comma correctly follows the verbal phrase "mowing the lawn," which modifies Frank.
Which of the following sentences does NOT contain an error in capitalization? A. Robert and Kelly raced across the River in their small boats. B. ducks flying in a V-formation cross the Midwest in the fall. C. The chairman of the board, Jessica Smith, will lead today's meeting. D. The Senators from Virginia and Louisiana strongly favor the bill.
C. The chairman of the board, Jessica Smith, will lead today's meeting. Correct A. Incorrect. River should not be capitalized. In this sentence, it is a common noun. B. Incorrect. As the first word in a sentence, ducks should be capitalized. C. Correct. Jessica Smith, as a proper noun, should be capitalized, but "chairman of the board"should not because it is separated from the name by a comma. D. Incorrect. Senators should not be capitalized because this word replaces a name in this sentence.
There's no denying the cuteness of a puppy—those big eyes and boundless energy can bring joy to even the sourest of days. It's that sense of joy that brings so many future pet owners to pet stores and dog breeders to pick out their newest family members. But puppies don't stay puppies forever. In just a few short years, that little bouncing bundle of fur will grow into a full-size dog, and, unfortunately, many families just aren't ready to handle that responsibility. Every year, tens of thousands of dogs end up in shelters once they reach adulthood. Perhaps the dog grew larger than the owners expected, or the owners weren't able to provide the training that turns a puppy into a well-behaved adult. Whatever the reason, animal rescue shelters are overrun with adult dogs that need good homes. Which of the following is the author's intent in the passage? A. entertain B. express feelings C. persuade D. inform
C. persuade Feedback The author's intent in this passage is to persuade. The descriptions of a puppy in paragraph 1 and the information about puppies not being wanted and overcrowded shelters in paragraph 2 are meant to appeal to the emotions and thoughts of the reader.
elements with one or two electrons are very likely to lose electrons (and become___________________and electrically_______________)
Cations Positives
interphase
Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases
chemical properties
Characteristic that cannot be observed without altering the substance. the material must be engaged in a chemical reaction in order to identify its chemical properties.
Line graphs
Charts that indicate changes in one or more variables over time show changes in data by connecting points on a scatter graph using a line. These graphs will often measure time on the x-axis and are used to show trends in the data, such as temperature changes over a day or school attendance throughout the year.
Rewrite X^a x X^b as a single term.
Check the image.
DNA stores information by coding for proteins using blocks of three nucleotides called:
Codones
common adjectives
Common Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns. Examples: *Strong man. Green plant. Pretty child*.
comparative investigation
Comparing 2 or more things with the goal of reaching a conclusion. There is no control during comparative investigations
Which of the following is listed in order from least to greatest? A) -0.95, 0, 2/5, 0.35, 3/4 B) -1, -1/10, -0.11, 5/6, 0.75 C) -3/4, -0.2, 0, 2/3, 0.55 D) -1.1, -4/5, -0.13, 0.7, 9/11
D) -1.1, -4/5, -0.13, 0.7, 9/11 Correct Write each value in decimal form and compare.−0.95 < 0 < 0.4 < 0.35 < 0.75 FALSE−1< −0.1< −0.11 < 0.8333... < 0.75 FALSE−0.75< −0.2 < 0 < 0.666... < 0.55 FALSE−1.1 < −0.8 < −0.13 < 0.7 < 0.818181... TRUE
Based on a favorable performance review at work, Matt receives a 3/20 increase in his hourly wage. If his original hourly wage is represented by w, which of the following represents his new wage? A) 0.15w B) 0.85w C) 1.12w D) 1.15w
D) 1.15w Correct A 3/20 increase means the new wage is w + w(3/20), or w(1 + 3 20). Convert the fraction to decimal form: 3/20 = 3/20(5/5) = 15/100 = 0.15 The new wage is: w(1 + 0.15) = 1.15w
When the following chemical equation for the combustion of methanol (CH3OH) is balanced, what is the coefficient of H2O? __CH3OH + __O2 → __CO2 + __H2O A) 3 B) 2 C) 1 D) 4
D) 4 Correct The same number of C and O atoms appear on both sides, so start by balancing for H: __CH3OH + __O2 → __CO2 + 2H2O Next, add a coefficient on the left to balance O: 2CH3OH + __O2 → __CO2 + 2H2O Next, add or change coefficients to balance C and H: 2CH3OH + __O2 → 2CO2 + 4H2O Finally, add coefficients to balance O: 2CH3OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 4H2O
Jane earns $15 per hour babysitting. If she starts out with $275 in her bank account, which of the following equations represents the amount of hours she will need to spend babysitting in order for her account to reach $400? A) 275=400+15h B) 400=15 h C) 400= 15/h+275 D) 400=275+15 h
D) 400=275+15 h Correct The money Jane earns is equal to $15 times the number of hours she babysits: 15h The total money in Jane's bank account is equal to the money she started with plus the money she earns:275 + 15hSet this expression equal to $400:400 = 275 + 15h
Employee Hours Employee; Hours Worked Suzanne; 42 Joe; 38 Mark; 25 Ellen; 50 Jill; 45 Rob; 46 Nicole; 17 Deb; 41 The table above shows the number of hours worked by employees during the week. Which of the following is the median number of hours worked per week by the employees? A) 38 B) 41 C) 42 D) 41.5
D) 41.5 17,25,38,41,42,45,46,50 41+42=83 83/2=41.5
Which is NOT a definition of an acid? A) A substance that contains hydrogen and produces H+ in water. B) A substance that donates protons to a base. C) A substance that reacts with a base to form a salt and water. D) A substance that accepts protons.
D) A substance that accepts protons. Correct Acids increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution and do not accept protons.
Which of the following is correctly punctuated? A) -In addition to the disastrous effects an active volcano can have on it's immediate surroundings, an eruption can also pose a threat to passing aircraft. B) -In addition to the disastrous effects an active volcano can have on it's immediate surroundings: an eruption can also pose a threat to passing aircraft. C) -In addition to the disastrous effects an active volcano can have on its immediate surroundings: an eruption can also pose a threat to passing aircraft. D) -In addition to the disastrous effects an active volcano can have on its immediate surroundings, an eruption can also pose a threat to passing aircraft.
D) In addition to the disastrous effects an active volcano can have on its immediate surroundings, an eruption can also pose a threat to passing aircraft. Correct Here, a comma correctly sets off the introductory phrase; furthermore, the sentence does not include an apostrophe in the pronoun its.
Skin coloration and markings have an important role to play in the world of snakes. Those intricate diamonds, stripes, and swirls help the animals hide from predators, but perhaps most importantly (for us humans, anyway), the markings can also indicate whether the snake is venomous. While it might seem counterintuitive for a venomous snake to stand out in bright red or blue, that fancy costume tells any nearby predator that approaching him would be a bad idea. If you see a flashy-looking snake in the woods, though, those markings don't necessarily mean it's venomous: some snakes have found a way to ward off predators without the actual venom. The scarlet kingsnake, for example, has very similar markings to the venomous coral snake with whom it frequently shares a habitat. However, the kingsnake is actually nonvenomous; it's merely pretending to be dangerous to eat. A predatory hawk or eagle, usually hunting from high in the sky, can't tell the difference between the two species, and so the kingsnake gets passed over and lives another day. What is the best summary of this passage? A) Humans can use coloration and markings on snakes to determine whether they're venomous. B) Animals often use coloration to hide from predators. C) The scarlet kingsnake and the coral snake have nearly identical markings. D) Venomous snakes often have bright markings, although nonvenomous snakes can also mimic those colors.
D) Venomous snakes often have bright markings, although nonvenomous snakes can also mimic those colors. Correct This summary captures the main ideas of each paragraph.
which of the following best defines a hypothesis? A) an educated guess B) a study of the natural world C) an explanation of natural phenomenon D) a testable proposed scientific explanation
D) a testable proposed scientific explanation feedback A hypothesis must be testable and propose an explanation of observed natural phenomena.
Unfortunately, the belief that changelings could be convinced to leave was not just an innocuous superstition. On some occasions, harm came to the individual who was thought to be a changeling. Which is the best way to revise and combine the underlined portion of the sentences? A) an innocuous superstition, on some occasions, B) an innocuous superstition, but on some occasions, C) an innocuous superstition; however, on some occasions, D) an innocuous superstition: on some occasions,
D) an innocuous superstition: on some occasions, Correct The colon correctly signifies that the second clause builds on the first. Choice A is a comma splice. While choices B and C are grammatically correct, they create a nonsensical contrast in the passage by using the words but and however.
A catalyst increases a reaction rate by A) increasing the activation energy. B) increasing the concentration of the reactants. C) changing the relative partial pressures of the reactants. D) changing the reaction mechanism.
D) changing the reaction mechanism. Correct A catalyst reduces the activation energy by creating an alternative reaction mechanism for the reaction.
Which of the following are the two major zones of the respiratory system? A) left bronchus and right bronchus B) nose and mouth C) larynx and pharynx D) conducting and respiratory
D) conducting and respiratory Correct The conducting zone consists of the upper respiratory tract from the nose and mouth through the trachea; it filters and conducts air into the lungs. The respiratory zone consists of the lower respiratory tract from the bronchioles to the alveoli and serves as a site of gas exchange.
Which of the following is misspelled in the sentence below? Respondents were asked to complete a simple questionnaire to determine their eligability. A) respondents B) questionnaire C) determine D) eligability
D) eligability Correct D) is correct. Eligability should be spelled eligibility.
The odds of success for any new restaurant are slim. Competition in the city is fierce, and the low margin of return means that aspiring restaurateurs must be exact and ruthless with their budget and pricing. The fact that The Hot Dog has lasted as long as it has is a testament to its owners' skills. Which of the following is the meaning of testament as used in the sentence? A) story B) surprise C) artifact D) evidence
D) evidence Correct Evidence best describes the idea that The Hot Dog's longevity is proof of its owners' skills.
Which of the following is a chemical property? A) area B) boiling point C) solubility D) preferred oxidation state
D) preferred oxidation state Correct Area, boiling point, and solubility are all physical properties that can be measured without undergoing a chemical reaction. The preferred oxidation state of a metal cannot be identified in any way except through a chemical reaction, and is thus a chemical property.
On Parents' Day, a public holiday in the Democratic Republic of Congo, families celebrate parents' both living and deceased. Which of the following punctuation marks is used incorrectly? A) the apostrophe in Parents' Day B) the comma following Day C) the comma following Congo D) the apostrophe in parents'
D) the apostrophe in parents' Correct The second parents' is plural, not possessive, so it does not require an apostrophe.
Spelunking involves much more than adrenaline: enthusiasts dive into unexplored caves to study structures of, take photographs, and create maps of the untouched systems. Which is the best way to revise the underlined portion of the sentences? A)-to study structures of, take photographs, and create maps of B) -to study structures of, to take photographs, and create maps of C) -to study structures of, taking photographs of, and creating maps of D) -to study structures, take photographs, and create maps of
D) to study structures, take photographs, and create maps of Correct Choice D is the only instance of parallel structure. The verbs all appear in the same form, and the prepositions to and of are used appropriately and sparingly.
Which of the following lists is in order from least to greatest? A) 2−1, −4/3, (−1)3, 2/5 B) −4/3, (−1)3, 2−1, 2/5 C) −4/3, 2/5, 2−1, (−1)3 D) −4/3, (−1)^3, 2/5, 2−1
D) −4/3, (−1)3, 2/5, 2−1 Correct First, simplify the exponents: 2^−1 = 1/2^1 = 1/2 (−1)3 = −1 Now, order the quantities from most negative to most positive: −4/3, −1, 2/5, 1/2
Group 3 through Group 12 elements (defined as the d-block) have valence electrons in__________________________.
D-orbitals
At what temperature is the highest mass of NaCl soluble in 100 grams of water? A. 40°C B. 60°C C. 80°C D. 100°C
D. 100°C Feedback According to the graph, the solubility of NaCl increases with an increase in temperature, so the highest mass of NaCl is soluble at 100°C (40 grams).
If the volume of a cube is 343 cubic meters, what is the cube's surface area? A. 49 B. 84 C. 196 D. 294
D. 294 Feedback Use the volume to find the length of the cube's side.Find the area of each side and multiply by 6 to find the total surface area.
What is the median of the following list of numbers: 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, and 12? A. 6 B. 7.5 C. 7.8 D. 8
D. 8 Feedback In order to find the median of any given list, we need to check if the numbers are arranged in ascending order. In this case, the given numbers are already arranged in order. Secondly, we need to check if the total number of entries in the list is even or odd. Since the total number of entries in this list is 6, and 6 is an even number, the median of this list equals the average of two entries which are at the middle of this list:Median
Which sentence in the following list is CORRECT in its pronoun and antecedent agreement? A. Either my brother or my dad will bring their van to pick us up. B. The university is having their tenth fundraiser tonight. C. Alyssa and Jacqueline bought herself a big lunch today. D. Each dog, cat, and rabbit has its own bowl and blanket.
D. Each dog, cat, and rabbit has its own bowl and blanket. Correct A. Incorrect. In sentences with correlative conjunctions like either...or, pronouns (and verbs) agree with the nearest antecedent. Technically this sentence should read, "Either my brother or my dad will bring his van to pick us up." B. Incorrect. The antecedent university is a singular noun—an institution. Its pronoun should also be singular. The sentence should read, "The university is having its tenth fundraiser tomorrow night." C. Incorrect. Antecedents joined by and typically require a plural pronoun. The sentence should read, "Alyssa and Jacqueline bought themselves a big lunch today." D. Correct. When each precedes the antecedent, the pronoun agreement is singular. The pronoun its therefore agrees with the antecedents Each dog, cat, and rabbit.
Which of the following is correctly punctuated? A. Since she went to the store. B. The football game ended in a tie, the underdog caught up in the fourth quarter. C. The mall is closing early today so we'll have to go shopping tomorrow. D. When the players dropped their gloves, a fight broke out on the ice hockey rink floor.
D. When the players dropped their gloves, a fight broke out on the ice hockey rink floor. Correct A. Incorrect. This is a dependent clause and needs an independent clause to be complete.B. Incorrect. This is a comma splice.C. Incorrect. This is a fused sentence.D. Correct. This is a complete sentence that is punctuated properly with a comma between the dependent and independent clauses.
Which of the following type of bone tissue gives bone its hardness and strength? A. osseous bone B. cancellous bone C. spongy bone D. cortical bone
D. cortical bone Feedback Cortical bone, also known as compact bone, is dense and solid and provides critical strength to the bone.
Which of the following causes a muscle strain? A. a lack of available fuel B. buildup of metabolic waste products C. tearing of ligaments D. overstretching of muscle fibers
D. overstretching of muscle fibers Feedback A muscle strain is caused by the overstretching of muscle fibers
Oak trees—with proper care—can grow upwards of thirty feet; providing shade for people,shelter for animals, and perches for birds. The above sentence contains an error. How can the writer fix it? A. replace the em dashes with commas B. remove the comma after people C. insert an apostrophe at the end of animals D. replace the semicolon with a comma
D. replace the semicolon with a comma Correct A. Incorrect. Both em dashes and commas are appropriate here. B. Incorrect. The comma is properly used in a list of items. C. Incorrect. Animals is acting as a plural noun with no possession indicated. D. Correct. "Providing shade..." is not an independent clause; therefore, it cannot be preceded by a semicolon.
Which of the following parts of the peripheral nervous system controls voluntary muscle actions? A. the parasympathetic nervous system B. the sympathetic nervous system C. the automatic nervous system D. the somatic nervous system.
D. the somatic nervous system Feedback The somatic nervous system controls voluntary actions and reflexes
Dodging traffic, Rachel drove to work on back roads. What type of phrase is underlined in the sentence? A. prepositional phrase B. noun phrase C. verb phrase D. verbal phrase
D. verbal phrase Correct A. Incorrect. A prepositional phrase must start with a preposition. B. Incorrect. A noun phrase includes only the noun and its modifiers. C. Incorrect. A verb phrase is composed of the main verb and its helping verbs, if any. D. Correct. The phrase is a verbal phrase modifying the noun Rachel. It begins with the word dodging, derived from the verb to dodge.
When each and every precede the antecedent, the pronoun agreement will be singular.
Each and every man, woman, and child brings unique qualities to his or her family. Every creative writer, technical writer, and research writer is attending his or her assigned lecture.
The law of independent assortment states that
Each pair of alleles segregates independently of each other pair of alleles during gamete formation. Mendel's law of independent assortment states that the alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another. In other words, the allele a gamete receives for one gene does not influence the allele received for another gene. For example if a mother is tall and had brown hair, she might pass on her genes for tallness on her child, but perhaps not the ones for brown hair. This law can be seen in the Punnett squire.
For compound antecedents joined by or, the pronoun agrees with the nearer or nearest antecedent..
Either the resident mice or the manager's cat gets itself a meal of good leftovers
Electronegativity
Electronegativity measures how easily an atom can attract electrons and form chemical bonds. In general, electronegativity increases from left to right and bottom to top on the Periodic Table of the Elements, with fluorine being the most electronegative element. One notable exception to these electronegativity trends is Group 18, the noble gases, since they possess a complete valence shell in their ground state and generally do not attract electrons.
Examples of expository and narrative writing:
Expository: Every year, many young boys are injured playing football. While most of them seem to recover quickly enough, a noteworthy percentage of those with repeated head injuries sustain lasting damage. Given enough incidents, the damage may start to effect cognitive function. Narrative: I became aware of the dangers of high school football when my brother was injured for the fourth time. By then we'd come to take his bumps and bruises for granted, but this time was different. This time *he* was different. I could hear it in the way he occasionally slurred his words, or in the way he sometimes stared about himself, confused, as if he'd forgotten where he was. Only later did I learn that this is not uncommon with repeated head injuries, a known risk of the sport. I wish we'd known that earlier.
Conversion from Celsius to Fahrenheit
F = (9/5 x C) + 32
The lanthanides and actinides have valence electrons in their f-orbitals (and are called the_____________________.The properties of these elements are less predictable because atoms' d and f orbitals do not fill in a straightforward order.
F-block
hypothesis-seeking
For example, investigators might develop a study for a poorly understood disease or treatment. They might predict that a treatment would induce changes to gene expression, without knowing which genes will be affected.
hypothesis-driven
For example, once some information is gleaned about a particular disease or treatment, a investigation might be undertaken, in which investigators test a particular hypothesis (e.g. "because we know that this treatment affects gene X, and gene X is related to the cause of this disease, we predict that regulating gene X might be essential for the treatment to be effective").
homophones gait/gate
Gait Definition: the rate of moving (especially walking or running) Examples: The race horse has an elegant gait. Gate Definition: a movable barrier in a fence or wall Examples: The house was gated. He opened the gate and walked in.
Each codon codes for a specific amino acid; together, all the codons needed to make a specific protein are called a:
Gene
Ms. Rodriguez —A recent review of our accounts has shown that you were mistakenly overcharged for your October water bill. Due to a system error, customers in your area were charged twice for their October water usage. We regret the error and are currently in the process of issuing refunds using the following criteria:- Customers who paid with a debit card or bank account will receive refunds directly deposited into their bank accounts.- Credit card transactions will be canceled by our company and will not appear on your statement.- Customer who paid via check will receive a refund check in the mail in 4 - 6 weeks. Your business is important to us, and we value your continued support. To demonstrate our commitment to our customers, we will be offering a 5% discount during the month of November to customers affected by this accounting error.Please contact me directly if you have any questions about your bill or the refund process.Regards,Timothy HalgrenDirector, Customer RelationsGreenway Water Company Which of the following conclusions is well supported by the passage? -Greenway Water Company will soon go out of business when customers leave. -Ms. Rodriguez will receive a refund check in the mail in 4 - 6 weeks. -Greenway Water Company is concerned that customers may be upset by the error. -All customers of Greenway Water Company will receive refunds for being overcharged in October.
Greenway Water Company is concerned that customers may be upset by the error. Correct The company ends the passage by expressing its appreciation for customers and offering both a discount and a personal contact within the company, implying it is trying to improve customer relations.
alkali metals
Group 1, 1 electron in outer level, very reactive, soft, silver, shiny, low density; Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, Francium Are characterized by the fact that they are very unstable and react violently with water.
Hannah —Congratulations on the promotion! I just heard the news from the receptionist in Accounting—she says you're already packing up to move into your big new office.Before you make the official move to upper management, I'd like to make sure we get proper documentation in place for your replacement. (You remember what a pain it was when you trained a few years ago.) To that end, could you please make a list of your current job responsibilities and include a list of all available training material that will be necessary for the person who takes over that job? If you feel new training documents are necessary, please include a description of these, and I'll have someone type them up for you. Congratulations again—you've earned it.Best regards, Sasha Which of the following best describes the relationship of the writer to Hannah? -Hannah's manager -Hannah's coworker -Hannah's friend -Hannah's replacement
Hannah's coworker Correct The tone and content of the passage implies that the writer is a coworker of Hannah's. She is likely not her manager, since she just learned of the promotion. She is also not the replacement, since she is planning to train that person in the future.
The most important part of brewing coffee is getting the right water. Choose a water that you think has a nice, neutral flavor. Anything with too many minerals or contaminants will change the flavor of the coffee, and water with too few minerals won't do a good job of extracting the flavor from the coffee beans. Water should be heated to between 195 and 205 degrees Fahrenheit. Boiling water (212 degrees Fahrenheit) will burn the beans and give your coffee a scorched flavor. While the water is heating, grind your beans. Remember, the fresher the grind, the fresher the flavor of the coffee. The number of beans is entirely dependent on your personal taste. Obviously, more beans will result in a more robust flavor, while fewer beans will give your coffee a more subtle taste. The texture of the grind should be not too fine (which can lead to bitter coffee) or too large (which can lead to weak coffee). Once the beans are ground and the water has reached the perfect temperature, you're ready to brew. A French press (which we recommend), allows you to control brewing time and provide a thorough brew. Pour the grounds into the press, then pour the hot water over the grounds and let it steep. The brew shouldn't require more than five minutes, although those of you who like your coffee a bit harsher can leave it longer. Finally, use the plunger to remove the grounds and pour. Which of the following would be an appropriate title for this passage? How to Brew the Perfect Cup of Coffee Why Drinking Coffee Is the Best Way to Start the Day How to Use a French Press to Make Coffee The Importance of Grinding Coffee Beans
How to Brew the Perfect Cup of Coffee Correct The passage as a whole describes from start to finish how to make a cup of coffee the drinker will enjoy.
which types of organisms occupies the first trophic level of an ecosystem?
In an ecosystem, the first trophic level is dominated by producers. They take in energy from the sun and make their own food, and are called autotrophs. Examples include green plants, plant-like protists, and bacteria.
control group
In an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the treatment; contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment.
FIND THE ERROR Not every nation has a President as its leader; some have prime ministers, some have kings or queens, and other have military dictation.
In this sentence, president, is a common noun (a noun that names more than one person), so it should not be capitalized.
Fused (run-on) sentences
Include sentences that are joined without any punctuation. Correct with: and, but, so, or, correct punctuation. Fused sentence: I bought a chocolate pie from the bakery it was delicious. Correct: I bought a chocolate pie from the bakery. It was delicious. Correct: I bought a chocolate pie from the bakery, and it was delicious. Correct: I bought a chocolate pie from the bakery; it was delicious.
Expository writing
It is writing that seeks to explain, illuminate or 'expose' (which is where the word 'expository' comes from). This type of writing can include essays, newspaper and magazine articles, instruction manuals, textbooks, encyclopedia articles and other forms of writing, so long as they seek to explain.
Which of the following sentences is irrelevant as part of a paragraph composed of these sentences? -It looks like the weather might force us to move the game to next weekend. -Our team will be playing our biggest rival for the last game of the season. -The teams play each other every year, and it's a big event for the town. -Last year, the mayor closed down Main Street so fans could celebrate together safely.
It looks like the weather might force us to move the game to next weekend. Correct The other choices all discuss the importance of the game to the town, so Choice A does not belong.
We've been told for years that the recipe for weight loss is fewer calories in than calories out. In other words, eat less and exercise more, and your body will take care of the rest. As many of those who've tried to diet can attest, this edict doesn't always produce results. If you're one of those folks, you might have felt that you just weren't doing it right—that the failure was all your fault. However, several new studies released this year have suggested that it might not be your fault at all. For example, a study of people who'd lost a high percentage of their body weight (>17%) in a short period of time found that they could not physically maintain their new weight. Scientists measured their resting metabolic rate and found that they'd need to consume only a few hundred calories a day to meet their metabolic needs. Basically, their bodies were in starvation mode and seemed to desperately hang on to each and every calorie. Eating even a single healthy, well-balanced meal a day would cause these subjects to start packing back on the pounds. Other studies have shown that factors like intestinal bacteria, distribution of body fat, and hormone levels can affect the manner in which our bodies process calories. There's also the fact that it's actually quite difficult to measure the number of calories consumed during a particular meal and the number used while exercising. Which of the following would be the best summary statement to conclude the passage? It turns out that conventional dieting wisdom doesn't capture the whole picture of how our bodies function. Still, counting calories and tracking exercise is a good idea if you want to lose weight. In conclusion, it's important to lose weight responsibly: losing too much weight at once can negatively impact the body. It's easy to see that diets don't work, so we should focus less on weight loss and more on overall health.
It turns out that conventional dieting wisdom doesn't capture the whole picture of how our bodies function. Correct The bulk of the passage is dedicated to showing that conventional wisdom about "fewer calories in than calories out" isn't true for many people and is more complicated than previously believed.
English words and phrases to math translation: average of x, y, z...
Math translation: x+y+z+.../how many numbers are on top
English words and phrases to math translation: ratio of x to y
Math translation: x/y
metallic bonding
Metals can form tightly packed arrays in which each atom is in close contact with many neighbors. So many atomic orbitals overlap with each atom that they form very large molecular orbitals that in turn overlap with each other creating a continuous band in which electrons can move. Any excitation, such as an electrical current, can cause the electrons to move throughout the array. The high electrical and thermal conductivity of metals is due to this ability of electrons to move throughout the lattice. Metals are ductile or can be bent without breaking because the atoms can slide past each other without breaking the delocalized bonds.
Outliers
Numbers that are much greater or much less than the other numbers in the set or data points that are much different from other data points, should be noted as they can skew the central tendency. In the data set {16, 19, 19, 25, 27, 29, 75}, the value 75 is far outside the other values and raises the value of the mean. Without the outlier, the mean is much closer to the other data points. (16 + 19 + 19 + 25 + 27 + 29 + 75)/7 = 210/7 = 30 (16 + 19 + 19 + 25 + 27 + 29)/6 = 135/6 = 22.5
Perimeter of a square
P=4s
Perimeter of a trapezoid
P=a+b+c+d
Cost of Office Supplies Manufacturer Shipping and Handling -Discount Office Supplies: $0.99 per pound -Paper Clips & Staples: $12.99 flat fee for all packages -Quick & Fast Office Supplies: $7.99 flat fee for all packages under 10 pounds; $1.99 per additional pound -Blanchard Supplies: free shipping on packages under 10 pounds; $15.99 flat fee for all packages over 10 pounds A company is planning to order office supplies that will weigh 22 pounds. Based on the pricing chart, which of the following manufacturers would offer the lowest cost for shipping and handling? Discount Office Supplies Paper Clips & Staples Quick & Fast Office Supplies Blanchard Supplies
Paper Clips & Staples Correct Find the cost for each manufacturer to ship a package weighing 22 pounds. Discount Office Supplies: 0.99 × 22 = $21.78 Paper Clips & Staples: $12.99 Quick & Fast Office Supplies: 7.99 + (1.99 × 12) = $31.87 Blanchard Supplies: $15.99 Paper Clips & Staples offers the cheapest shipping and handling cost for a 22-pound package.
Percentage change for percent change:
Percent change= amount of change/original amount
Percentages for the percent:
Percent= Part/whole
Greta and Max sell cable subscriptions. In a given month, Greta sells 45 subscriptions and Max sell 51. If 240 total subscription were sold in that month, what percent were not sold by Greta or Max?
Percent= part/whole (51+45)/240= 96/240= 0.4 or 40% however, the question asks how many subscription weren't sold by Max or Greta. If they sold40%, the other salespeople sold 100%-40%= 60%
What percent of 65 is 39?
Percent= part/whole 39/65=0.6 or 60%
What information is shown in a pie chart?
Pie charts show the percentages of each element of a set.
homophones poor and pour
Poor: deprived. Pour: to send liquid flowing.
Solve and graph the solution set of: 3x + 4 > 13
Proceed as you would when solving a linear equation:Subtract 4 from both sides.Divide both sides by 3. Note: The direction of the inequality stays the same since we did NOT divide by a negative value. Graph using an open circle for 3 (since xcan not equal 3) and an arrow to the right(since our symbol is greater than). (See image)
According to the figure, which of the following is a difference between pyrimidine and purine bases? Pyrimidine bases do not include an amine group (NH2), while purine bases do. Pyrimidine bases have an oxygen atom, while purine bases do not. Pyrimidine bases have a single carbon nitrogen ring, while purine bases have two. Pyrimidine bases are found in DNA and RNA, while purine bases are found only in DNA.
Pyrimidine bases have a single carbon nitrogen ring, while purine bases have two. Correct The figure shows that pyrimidines have a single carbon nitrogen ring, while purines have two.
Which of the following does NOT distinguish quantitative data collection from qualitative data collection methods? -Qualitative methods are more open-ended than quantitative. -Results from randomized quantitative methods can be applied to a general population; results from qualitative cannot. -Quantitative methods are number based; qualitative methods are text based. -Qualitative methods do not need to be as valid or reliable as quantitative methods.
Qualitative methods do not need to be as valid or reliable as quantitative methods. Correct Both qualitative and quantitative methods must be held to the same standard of scientific rigor.
Cost of Office Supplies Manufacturer Shipping and Handling Discount OfficeSupplies $0.99 per pound Paper Clips & Staples $12.99 flat fee for all packages Quick & Fast Office Supplies $7.99 flat fee for all packages under 10 pounds; $1.99 per additional pound Blanchard Supplies free shipping on packages under 10 pounds; $15.99 flat fee for all packages over 10 pounds A company is placing an order for office supplies that will weigh 11 pounds. Based on the pricing chart, which of the following manufacturers would offer the lowest cost for shipping and handling? Discount Office Supplies Paper Clips & Staples Quick & Fast Office Supplies Blanchard Supplies
Quick & Fast Office Supplies Correct Find the cost for each manufacturer to ship a package weighing 11 pounds.Discount Office Supplies: 0.99 × 11 = $10.89Paper Clips & Staples: $12.99Quick & Fast Office Supplies: 7.99 + (1.99 × 1) = $9.98Blanchard Supplies: $15.99Quick & Fast Office Supplies offers the cheapest shipping and handling cost for an 11-pound package.
Rewrite X^-a with a positive exponent
See the image
When graphing a linear inequality on a number line, use a closed circle for "less than or equal to" or "greater than or equal to".
See the image
When graphing a linear inequality on a number line, use an open circle for "less than" or "greater than".
See the image
make the graph X≤2 or x≥6
See the image
make the graph x<-2 or x>6
See the image
Here an example of expository writing:
Skin colors and markings have an important role to play in the world of snakes. Those intricate diamonds, stripes, and swirls help animals hide from predators and advertise to mates. Perhaps most importantly (for us humans, anyway), the markings can also indicate whether the snake is venomous. While it might seem counterintuitive for a poisonous snake to stand out in bright red or blue, that fancy costume tells any approaching predator that eating him would be a bad idea. If you see a flashy looking snake out in the woods, though, those markings don't necessarily mean it's poisonous: some snakes have found a way to ward off predators without the actual venom. The California kingsnake, for example, has very similar markings to the venomous coral snake with whom it frequently shares a habitat. However, the kingsnake is actually nonvenomous; it's merely pretending to be dangerous to eat. A predatory hawk or eagle, usually hunting from high in the sky, can't tell the difference between the two species, and so the kingsnake gets passed over and lives another day.
Solve and graph the solution set of: 9 - 2x ≤3
Subtract 9 from both sides.Divide both sides by -2. Note: The direction of the inequality was reversed since we divided by a negative value. Graph using a closed circle for 3 (since xcan equal 3) and an arrow to the right (since our symbol is greater than or equal to). (See the image)
Apocrine glands
Sweat glands in the pubic and underarm areas that secrete thicker sweat, that produce odor when come in contact with bacteria on the skin which are located primarily in the armpit and groin, release an oily substance that contains pheromones. They are also sensitive to adrenaline, and are responsible for most of the sweating that occurs due to stress, fear, anxiety, or pain. Apocrine glands are largely inactive until puberty.
A chemist finds a bottle of hydrochloric acid in his laboratory. Although the chemical is labeled properly, the concentration is not included. He decides to determine the concentration of the acid by performing an acid-base titration reaction. To perform this reaction, he adds a known volume and concentration of strong base to the acid while measuring the pH of the combined acid and base. Once a neutral pH is obtained, the reaction has proceeded to completion and the concentration of the acid may be calculated. In this reaction, what is the dependent variable? The dependent variable is the acid concentration. The dependent variable is the volume of base added to reach reaction completion. The dependent variable is the concentration of the base. The dependent variable is the pH of the reaction mixture.
The dependent variable is the pH of the reaction mixture. Correct The dependent variable is the variable that is directly measured or observed in the course of the experiment. In the case of this reaction, pH is directly measured.
products
The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction.
homophones tic/tick
The noun tic is an involuntary contraction of the muscles, usually in the face. Tick: A mark to show something is correct or completed.Examples: Why isn't there a tick next to my name? (This is an example of tick being used as a noun.) They 'don't know' answer sometimes is the box you should tick. (This is an example of tick being used as a verb.) Tick: The noise made by a watch or a clock.Examples: Time management is an oxymoron. Time is beyond our control, and the clock keeps ticking regardless of how we lead our lives. (John C Maxwell) (This is an example of tick being used as a verb.) Tick: A noun denoting a small arachnid similar to a mite.Example: I know runners who have suffered a tick bite and ended up with Lyme disease. I'll take an angry moose any day.
How do expository and narrative writing differ?
The purpose of expository writing is to provide information. It's usually pretty cut and dried. Style cannot get in the way of communication. It can be organized in any way that fosters comprehension. See: science articles, newspaper stories, textbook entries. The purpose of narrative writing is to tell a story, usually relating something that happened. Good narrative writing uses the story to illustrate a point or offer some kind of insight. The narrative itself is usually told chronologically and the rest of the piece is constructed around that armature.
Graph the solution set of: x < -3 or x ≥1
The solution set for this problem will be the full graph of both inequalities, since the two inequalities do not overlap. Notice that there is one open circle (for -3) and one closed circle (for 1). (See the image)
what is the most common source of gene mutation in DNA?
There are three types of DNA Mutations: base substitutions, deletions and insertions. Single base substitutions are called point mutations, recall the point mutation Glu -----> Val which causes sickle-cell disease. Point mutations are the most common type of mutation and there are two types.
FIND THE ERROR: Alexander Hamilton, whose portrait is on the twenty-dollar bill, was one of our nation's "Founding Fathers"?
This is a statement (or declarative sentence), so it should end with a period, not a question mark.
FIND THE ERROR: My grandma says that "when she was in high school, she and her classmates handwrote or typed their essays—desktop computers were not common until the late 1980s."
This is not a direct quotation, so the quotation marks should be deleted from this sentence. (The speaker is paraphrasing his or her grandmother.)
FIND THE ERROR: I can get eight hours of sleep tonight, I don't think I will be able to get up early enough to drive to the city in time for the meeting.
This sentence is incorrectly constructed (it is a comma splice), and it does not make sense as is. It needs the subordinating conjunction Unless at the beginning of the clause "I can get eight hours of sleep tonight." Alternatively, "I can" might be changed to "If I don't" or "If I cannot."
Histograms
Used when data is continuous The bars touch each other. similarly use bars to compare data, but the independent variable is a continuous variable that has been "binned" or divided into categories. For example, the time of day can be broken down into 8:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m., 12:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m., and so on. Usually (but not always), a gap is included between the bars of a bar graph but not a histogram. The bars of a bar graph show actual data, but the bars (or bins) of a histogram show the frequency of the data in various ranges.
The monomers are joined together in an endothermic (energy requiring) dehydration reaction, so-called because it releases a molecule of:
Water.
the bonds in polymers can be broken by an exothermic (energy-releasing) reaction that requires:
Water.
when you multiply (or divide) an inequality by a negative value, you must change the direction of the inequality. Let's see why this "exception" is actually needed:
We know that 3 is less than 7. Now, lets multiply both sides by -1.Examine the results (the products). ... written 3 < 7. ... written (-1)(3) ? (-1)(7)... written -3 ? -7 On a number line, -3 is to the right of -7, making -3 greater than -7.-3 > -7We have to reverse the direction of the inequality, when we multiply by a negative value, in order to maintain a "true" statement. (See the image).
single replacement reaction
a chemical reaction that occurs when the atoms of one element replace the atoms of another element in a compound. General Reaction: AB + C → AC + B CH4 + Cl2 → CH3Cl + HCl
Which of the following statements best defines a scientific model? a real-world example of a theory a simplification or metaphor for an observed phenomenon a proposed explanation for an observed phenomenon a statement about a fundamental aspect of the universe
a simplification or metaphor for an observed phenomenon Correct Scientific models are simplifications or metaphors for observations that allow the observations to be more easily understood.
Consider a prokaryotic organism that typically lives in a 10 percent saline concentration environment. Which of the following environments would cause the organism to lose mass at the greatest rate due to osmosis? a solution of pure water a solution of 3 percent saline concentration a solution of 10 percent saline concentration a solution of 20 percent saline concentration
a solution of 20 percent saline concentration Correct Water will leave the cell through osmosis when the concentration of solute outside the cell is greater than that inside the cell. Water will leave the cell when it's placed in a 20 percent saline solution, decreasing the mass of the cell.
Proper Adjectives are
also describe people, places and things, but they are based on names and therefore need to be capitalized, like the names. For example, Spain is the name of a country and starts with a capital letter. The adjective based on Spain (Spanish) must also start with a capital letter. Mars is the name of a planet and starts with a capital letter. The adjective based on Mars (Martian) must also start with a capital letter. Shakespeare was the name of a famous writer and starts with a capital letter. The adjective based on Shakespeare (Shakespearean) must also start with a capital letter. Since you live in Spain, do you enjoy Spanish food? If people ever live on the planet Mars, they will have to endure the extremes of the Martian climate. Although William Shakespeare is best known for his plays, many exams also cover Shakespearean poetry. Proper adjectives are mostly of two types: those that come from names of places—countries, continents, regions, cities those that come from names of people—usually famous people, mostly historical, some modern
A computer software retailer marks up its games by 40% above the wholesale price when it sells them to customers. find the price of game for the customer if the game costs the retailer $25. set up the appropriate equation and solve:
amount of change=original amount X percent change= 25 X o.4= 10 If the amount of change is 10, that means the store adds a markup of $10, so the game costs: $25 + 10= $35
conjugate acid
an acid that forms when a base gains a proton
positive regulation
an activator protein binds DNA to stimulate transcription
acute angle
an angle that measures less than 90 degrees
Abrasion
an area damaged by scraping or wearing away.
Theory
an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events
memento meaning?
an object kept as a reminder or souvenir of a person or event. "you can purchase a memento of your visit" Similar: souvenir keepsake reminder remembrance token memorial
Non-polar covalent bonds
are a type of bond that occurs when two atoms share a pair of electrons with each other. These shared electrons glue two or more atoms together to form a molecule. ... An example of a nonpolar covalent bond is the bondbetween two hydrogen atoms because they equally share the electrons.
Prefixes
are added to the beginning of a word and frequently change the meaning of the word itself by indicating an opposite or another specifically altered meaning.
suffixes.
are added to the end of a word and generally indicate the word's relationship to other words in the sentence. Suffixes can change the part of speech or indicate if a word is plural or related to a plural
independent variable
are controlled by the experimenter. They are usually the factors that the experimenter has hypothesized will have an effect on the system.
dependent variable
are factors that are influenced by the independent variable. These are the variables that are being tested or measured in the experiment.
The most important part of brewing coffee is getting the right water. Choose a water that you think has a nice, neutral flavor. Anything with too many minerals or contaminants will change the flavor of the coffee, and water with too few minerals won't do a good job of extracting the flavor from the coffee beans. Water should be heated to between 195 and 205 degrees Fahrenheit. Boiling water (212 degrees Fahrenheit) will burn the beans and give your coffee a scorched flavor. While the water is heating, grind your beans. Remember, the fresher the grind, the fresher the flavor of the coffee. The number of beans is entirely dependent on your personal taste. Obviously, more beans will result in a more robust flavor, while fewer beans will give your coffee a more subtle taste. The texture of the grind should be not too fine (which can lead to bitter coffee) or too large (which can lead to weak coffee). Once the beans are ground and the water has reached the perfect temperature, you're ready to brew. A French press (which we recommend), allows you to control brewing time and provide a thorough brew. Pour the grounds into the press, then pour the hot water over the grounds and let it steep. The brew shouldn't require more than five minutes, although those of you who like your coffee a bit harsher can leave it longer. Finally, use the plunger to remove the grounds and pour. Which of the following best describes the structure of the text? -chronological -cause and effect -problem and solution -compare and contrast
chronological Correct The author describes the steps for making coffee in chronological order.
Remember that in a chemical reaction, only the________________ may be changed in order to balance it; the subscripts must not be changed. This would be like changing the actual chemical in the equation.
coefficients
The higher the temperature, pressure and concentration, the more likely particles are to:
collide and thus the reaction rate will be higher
Comparative adjectives and adverbs
compare two items. For most one- or two-syllable words, the suffix -er is added to make it comparative; the word may be followed by than. example: My brother is tall. Comparative: My brother is taller than my sister.
Acid
compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution is a molecule or ion capable of donating a proton (hydrogen ion H+)
Volkmann's canals:
connect periosteum to Haversian canal
subordinating conjunction
connects an independent clause with one or more dependent clauses; examples: since, before, unless, however, than, rather than, whether, as much as, whereas, that, whatever, which, whichever, after, as soon as, as long as, before, by the time, now that, once, since, till, until, when, whenever, while, though, although, even though, who, whoever, whom, ...
In its most basic form, geography is the study of space; more specifically, it studies the physical space of the earth and the ways in which it interacts with, shapes, and is shaped by its habitants. Geographers look at the world from a spatial perspective. This means that at the center of all geographic study is the question, where? For geographers, the where of any interaction, event, or development is a crucial element to understanding it. This question of where can be asked in a variety of fields of study, so there are many sub-disciplines of geography. These can be organized into four main categories: 1) regional studies, which examine the characteristics of a particular place, 2) topical studies, which look at a single physical or human feature that impacts the whole world, 3) physical studies, which focus on the physical features of Earth, and 4) human studies, which examine the relationship between human activity and the environment. Which of the following best describes the mode of the passage? -expository -narrative -persuasive -descriptive
expository Correct The passage explains what the study of geography involves and outlines its main sub-disciplines.
interjection (definition)
expresses a strong emotion/an abrupt remark have no grammatical attachment to the sentence itself other than to add expressions of emotion. These parts of speech may be punctuated with commas or exclamation points and may fall anywhere within the sentence. Ouch! He stepped on my toe. Here are some more interjections, this time used in the context of an accompanying sentence: -Ahh, that feels wonderful. -Alas! I'm lost in the wilderness. -Bah! That was a total waste of time. -Bless you! I couldn't have done it without you. -It's time for me to go. Cheerio! -Congrats! ... -Crikey! ... -Gesundheit!
Ice, or frozen water. Normally molecules are tightly packed in the solid state, but water's hydrogen bonds form a crystalline lattice structure, placing molecules far apart. This extra space makes ice less dense than liquid water, which is why ice_________________.
floats.
Taking a person's temperature is one of the most basic and common health care tasks. Everyone from nurses to emergency medical technicians to concerned parents should be able to grab a thermometer to take a patient or loved one's temperature. But what's the best way to get an accurate reading? The answer depends on the situation.The most common way people measure body temperature is orally. A simple digital or disposable thermometer is placed under the tongue for a few minutes, and the task is done. There are many situations, however, when measuring temperature orally isn't an option. For example, when a person can't breathe through his nose, he won't be able to keep his mouth closed long enough to get an accurate reading. In these situations, it's often preferable to place the thermometer in the rectum or armpit. Using the rectum also has the added benefit of providing a much more accurate reading than other locations can provide.It's also often the case that certain people, like agitated patients or fussy babies, won't be able to sit still long enough for an accurate reading. In these situations, it's best to use a thermometer that works much more quickly, such as one that measures temperature in the ear or at the temporal artery. No matter which method is chosen, however, it's important to check the average temperature for each region, as it can vary by several degrees. What is the meaning of the word agitated in the last paragraph? -frenzied -enthusiastic -infirm -angry
frenzied Correct The final paragraph states that "agitated patients...won't be able to sit still long enough for an accurate reading." The reader can infer that an agitated patient is frenzied, or showing high-spirited emotion.
Noble Gases (Group 18)
have a full outer s and p sub-shells of 8 electrons and, therefore, are stable and tend not to form ions
Physical changes can be used to separate mixtures. For example:
heating salt water until the water evaporates, leaving the salt behind, will separate a salt water solution
In its most basic form, geography is the study of space; more specifically, it studies the physical space of the earth and the ways in which it interacts with, shapes, and is shaped by its habitants. Geographers look at the world from a spatial perspective. This means that at the center of all geographic study is the question, where? For geographers, the where of any interaction, event, or development is a crucial element to understanding it. This question of where can be asked in a variety of fields of study, so there are many sub-disciplines of geography. These can be organized into four main categories: 1) regional studies, which examine the characteristics of a particular place, 2) topical studies, which look at a single physical or human feature that impacts the whole world, 3) physical studies, which focus on the physical features of Earth, and 4) human studies, which examine the relationship between human activity and the environment. A researcher studying the relationship between farming and river systems would be engaged in which of the following geographical sub-disciplines? -regional studies -topical studies -physical studies -human studies
human studies Correct The passage describes human studies as the study of "the relationship between human activity and the environment," which would include farmers interacting with river systems.
Which of the following shows 74,365 rounded to the nearest hundred and to the nearest thousand? hundred: 74,400; thousand: 74,000 hundred: 74,300; thousand: 75,000 hundred: 74,400; thousand: 75,000 hundred: 74,300; thousand: 74,000
hundred: 74,400; thousand: 74,000 Correct The digit in the hundreds place is 3. It is rounded up to 4 because the digit in the tens place is 6, which is greater than or equal to 5. The number is thus rounded up to 74,400. The digit in the thousands place is 4, and remains 4 because the digit in the hundreds place (3) is less than 5. The number is therefore rounded to 74,000.
Water is an efficient solvent for ionic compounds because of its:
hydrogen bonds and associated polarity
immediate or imediate
immediate
imediately or immediately
immediately
the scientific method and its five steps:
in order to ensure that experimental and comparative investigations are through and accurate, scientists use the scientific method which has five steps: 1.-observe and ask questions. 2.-gather information. 3.-construct a hypothesis. 4.-experiment and test the hypothesis. 5.-analyse results and draw conclusions.
brain stem:
includes the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain, which collectively control messages as they move from the brain to the spinal cord and vice versa
graduated cylinder
instrument used to measure volume of a liquid
Persuasive writing
intends to convince readers to believe in an idea or opinion and to do an action. Many writings such as criticisms, reviews, reaction papers, editorials, proposals, advertisements, and brochures use different ways of persuasion to influence readers.
The Boat Race, a rowing race that has been held almost annually in London, England, since 1856, was infamously interupted in 2012. Which of the following is misspelled in the sentence? -rowing -annually -infamously -interupted
interupted Correct Interupted should be spelled interrupted.
Monera
is a kingdom that contains unicellular organisms with a prokaryotic cell organization (having no nuclear membrane), such as bacteria. They are single-celled organisms with no true nuclear membrane (prokaryotic organisms).
dipole moment
is a measure of the unequal charge distribution in a polar bond. It is possible for a polar molecule to have no net dipole moment if the dipole moments of each bond are equal in magnitude and opposing in direction. These covalent compounds have a symmetrical molecular geometry, meaning that the dipoles created by the polar bond cancel each other out.
scientific notation
is a method of representing very large and small numbers in the form a × 10n where a is a value between 1 and 10, and n is an integer. For example, the number 927,000,000 is written in scientific notation as 9.27 × 10^8. Multiplying 9.27 by 10 eight times gives 927,000,000. When performing operations with scientific notation, the final answer should be in the form a × 10n.
composite number
is a natural number greater than 1 which can be evenly divided by at least one other number besides 1 and itself. For example, 6 is a composite number because it can be divided by 1, 2, 3, and 6.
prime number
is a natural number greater than 1 which can only be divided evenly by 1 and itself. For example, 7 is a prime number because it can only be divided by the numbers 1 and 7.
Coordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS)
is a word that joins two elements of equal grammatical rank and syntactic importance. They can join two verbs, two nouns, two adjectives, two phrases, or two independent clauses. The seven coordinating conjunctions are for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so.
verb phrase
is made up of a main verb and one or more helping verbs. Example: The chef wanted to cook a different dish.
adverb phrase
is simply a group of two or more words that function as an adverb in a sentence. Just as an adverb can modify a verb, adjective or another adverb, an adverb phrase of more than one word can further describe a verb, adverb, or adjective. For example, if you were to say "I went into town to visit my friend," the adverbial phrase to visit my friend would clarify why you went into town. This can be considered an adverbial phrase because it describes the verb went. Another common use for adverbial phrases is to describe the frequency of an action.
Polarity
is the difference in charge across a compound caused by the uneven partial charge distribution between the atoms. Ionic bonds have higher polarity than covalent bonds because they consist of ions of full opposite charges, meaning one side of the compound is very positive and one very negative. The charge distribution in covalent bonds is more variable, resulting in either polar covalent bonds or non-polar covalent bonds.
Capitalization is writing the first letter of a word in uppercase and the remaining letters in lowercase. The table below shows the most important rules for capitalization.
is writing the first letter of a word in uppercase and the remaining letters in lowercase. The table below shows the most important rules for capitalization.
primary source on a research writing
it is an unaltered piece of writing that was composed during the time when the events being described took place; these texts are often written by the people involved
secondary source on a research writing
it might address the same topic of a primary source but provides extra commentary or analysis. These texts can be written by people no directly involved in the events. For example, a book written by a political candidate to inform people about his or her stand on an issue is a primary source; an online written by a journalist analyzing how that position will affect the election is a secondary source.
Fibrous Joints: Sutures
joints connected by dense, collagen-rich fibers
A store recorded the following sales over one week: Day Sales Monday $300 Tuesday $250 Wednesday $550 Thursday $475 Friday $325 Saturday $800 Which of the following is the ratio of the highest amount of sales to total sales for the week and the ratio of lowest amount of sales to total sales for the week? lowest:13/108 ; highest:8/27 lowest:13/108; highest:11/54 lowest:5/54; highest:8/27 lowest:5/54; highest:11/54
lowest:5/54; highest:8/27 Correct The total amount of sales for the week is $2,700. The lowest amount of sales was on Tuesday and the largest was on Saturday. The ratio for Tuesday is 250/2700= 5/54 and the ratio for Saturday is 800/2700= 8/27 .
Alfie closed his eyes and took several deep breaths. He was trying to ignore the sounds of the crowd, but even he had to admit that it was hard not to notice the tension in the stadium. He could feel 50,000 sets of eyes burning through his skin—this crowd expected perfection from him. He took another breath and opened his eyes, setting his sights on the soccer ball resting peacefully in the grass. One shot, just one last shot, between his team and the championship. He didn't look up at the goalie, who was jumping nervously on the goal line just a few yards away. Afterward, he would swear he didn't remember anything between the referee's whistle and the thunderous roar of the crowd. Which of the following best describes the mode of the passage? expository narrative persuasive descriptive
narrative Correct The passage is narrative, meaning it tells a story
dangling modifier
occurs when a modifying phrase is separated from the word it describes. The sentence itself is still grammatically correct but can be confusing. -Incorrect: Discussing the state of the nation, I listened to the president's speech. Here, the president, not the narrator, is discussing the state of the nation; the narrator is simply listening. However, the participial phrase "Discussing the state of the nation" is disconnected from the word it modifies, president. Thus it is dangling in the sentence, creating confusion. The sentence needs to be rewritten to move the phrase next to the word it modifies. -Correct: I listened to the president's speech discussing the state of the nation.
chloroplasts
organelles in plants that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis
Heterotroph
organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes; also called a consumer
what is the plural of pants?
pants
Two lines that lie in the same plane but never intersect are _______.
parallel
parallel or paralel
parallel
what is plural of person?
people
The prostate is an exocrine gland that secretes the alkaline fluid found in semen. It does not produce hormones. pinocytosis phagocytosis inflammation vasodilation
phagocytosis Correct Phagocytosis is an important innate immune response to pathogens, in which foreign bodies are ingested and destroyed by phagocytic cells.
playwright or playwrigt
playwright
adaptive radiation (divergent evolution)
process by which a single species or small group of species evolves into several different forms that live in different ways; rapid growth in the diversity of a group of organisms
Which of the following is NOT a function of hair? regulation of body temperature extension of the sensory system protection from UV radiation protecting soft tissue from injury
protecting soft tissue from injury Correct Nails, not hair, help protect soft tissue from injury.
Histone
protein that organizes chromosomes and around which DNA wraps
quizzes or quizes
quizzes
Exothermic reactions
reactions that release energy
recommend or reccomend
recommend
referred or refered
referred
verbs conjugated in Perfect tense describe:
repeated actions or actions that started in the past and have been completed.
cerebellum:
responsible for motor control and motor learning
rhymme or rhyme
rhyme
rythm or rhythm
rhythm
Which of the following groups of bones are part of the axial skeleton? -pectoral girdle -rib cage -arms and hands -pelvic girdle
rib cage Correct The rib cage, which consists of the ribs and the sternum, is part of the axial skeleton.
sesamoid bones
round bones found near joints (e.g., the patella)
Haversian canal (central canal)
runs lengthwise containing blood vessels and nerves. located in the middle of osteons cavity in lamellae where a bone's blood supply is located
Orbitals are grouped into four types of subshells labeled with the letters s, p, d, and f. Each subshell has a specific number of orbitals:
s has 1 orbital and holds 1 × 2 = 2 electrons p has 3 orbitals and holds 3 × 2 = 6 electrons d has 5 orbitals and holds 5 × 2 = 10 electrons f has 7 orbitals and holds 7 × 2 = 14 electrons
gather information
second step of the scientific method which refers about looking about what other scientists have done to see where your questions fit in with current research.
Cowper glands (bulbourethral glands)
secrete mucus in urethra & add fluid to ejaculate
Prepositions
set up relationships in time ( after the party) or space ( under the cushions) within a sentence. A preposition will always function as part of a prepositional phrase—the preposition along with the object of the preposition.
Circle graphs
show fixed quantity, also called a pie graph, circle represnts the total and slices represent the different parts as percentages. (Also called pie charts) are used to show parts of a whole: the "pie" is the whole, and each "slice" represents a percentage or part of the whole.
Histogram
shows frequency of data in category or ranges
Hypertonic solutions
solutions that cause cells to shrink or shrivel due to loss of water
hydrogen forces
special type of dipole force, present when molecule has N-H, O-H/F-H bond, especially important in living organisms and water, strongest intern force These bonds are significantly weaker than the chemical bonds that involve sharing or transfer of electrons, and have only 5 to 10 percent of the strength of a covalent bond. Despite its relative weakness, hydrogen bonding is quite important in the natural world; it has major effects on the properties of water and ice and is important biologically with regard to proteins and nucleic acids as well as the DNA double helix structure.
proliferative phase:
stage of the menstrual cycle when new lining begins to develop in the uterus
follicular stage of ovarian cycle
stage of the menstrual cycle when the egg matures in the follicle
descriptive investigations
start by making observations use models usually attempts to find more info about an unknown topic. Descriptive investigations do no generally require hypothesis.
Collisions of reactant particles
supply the activation energy for a reaction. The more particles collide, the more energy will be produced. Thus, the more often particles collide, the more likely a reaction is to occur. However, it is quite possible that though some particles collide, not enough energy is generated for an actual reaction to occur.
It's that time again—the annual Friendswood Village Summer Fair is here! Last year we had a record number of visitors, and we're expecting an even bigger turnout this year. The fair will be bringing back all our traditional food and games, including the famous raffle. This year, we'll have a carousel, petting zoo, and climbing wall (for teenagers and adults only, please). We're also excited to welcome Petey's BBQ and Happy Tummy's Frozen Treats, who are both new to the fair this year. Tickets are available online and at local retailers. Based on the context, which of the following is the meaning of the word record in the passage? -a piece of evidence -a disk with a groove that reproduces sound -the best or most remarkable -to set down in writing
the best or most remarkable Correct The "record number of visitors" is the highest, or best, number of visitors to the fair.
analyse results and draw conclusions
the fifth step of the scientific method which refers about examining the results and see whether they disprove the hypothesis. Note that one cannot actually prove a hypothesis; one can only provide evidence to support it.
Which of the following correctly describes atomic number? -the number of atoms in a mole of a given substance -the number of neutrons in an atom -the number of protons and neutrons in an atom -the number of protons in an atom
the number of protons in an atom Correct The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom and defines the type of atom. Elements are arranged on the periodic table in order of increasing atomic number.
For decades, major global powers have had thermonuclear weapons. In the 1980s, the United States and the Soviet Union agreed to limit arms production and cease testing these weapons in the atmosphere, in an effort to prevent conflict and protect life. Today, scientists understand the technology of thermonuclear weapons better than ever before. However, we have much to learn about the physical consequences of nuclear war on life on Earth as we know it. A student has written this paragraph as an introduction to a paper. Which of the following is most likely the topic of the paper? -the impact of thermonuclear weapons on the military -the technology of thermonuclear weapons -atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons -the physical and biological consequences of nuclear war
the physical and biological consequences of nuclear war Correct The passage gives a short history of thermonuclear weapons and then introduces its main topic—the physical and biological consequences of nuclear war.
scientific investigation
the process by which a scientist asks a question about the natural world, collects and analyzes data to help answer that question, and communicates the results to the scientific community
external respiration:
the process of gas exchange between the alveoli and the blood
It's that time again—the annual Friendswood Village Summer Fair is here! Last year we had a record number of visitors, and we're expecting an even bigger turnout this year. The fair will be bringing back all our traditional food and games, including the famous raffle. This year, we'll have a carousel, petting zoo, and climbing wall (for teenagers and adults only, please). We're also excited to welcome Petey's BBQ and Happy Tummy's Frozen Treats, who are both new to the fair this year. Tickets are available online and at local retailers. Which of the following will NOT be a new presence at the Fair this year? -the raffle -the petting zoo -the carousel -Petey's BBQ
the raffle Correct The raffle is the only feature described as an event the organizers will be "bringing back."
exhalation:
the second stage of breathing in which the thoracic cavity contracts and the diaphragm relaxes, allowing air to leave the lungs, expelling carbon dioxide
Water has a high surface tension
the stronger the force between molecules in a liquid, the greater the surface tension meaning the bonds between water molecules on the surface of a liquid are stronger than those beneath the surface. Surface tension makes it more difficult to puncture the surface of water
Hannah —Congratulations on the promotion! I just heard the news from the receptionist in Accounting—she says you're already packing up to move into your big new office.Before you make the official move to upper management, I'd like to make sure we get proper documentation in place for your replacement. (You remember what a pain it was when you trained a few years ago.) To that end, could you please make a list of your current job responsibilities and include a list of all available training material that will be necessary for the person who takes over that job? If you feel new training documents are necessary, please include a description of these, and I'll have someone type them up for you.Congratulations again—you've earned it.Best regards,Sasha Which of the following best captures the author's purpose? -to inform Hannah that the receptionist in Accounting is telling people about her promotion -to let Hannah know she has performed well at work despite not receiving good training -to congratulate Hannah on her promotion -to acquire information from Hannah in order to train her replacement
to acquire information from Hannah in order to train her replacement Correct While the passage opens with a congratulatory message, the main purpose of the passage is to ask for a list of job responsibilities and training materials from Hannah.
The surface area of a three-dimensional object can be figured by adding the areas of all the sides. For example, the box below is 4 feet long, 3 feet wide, and 1 foot deep. The surface area is found by adding the areas of each face:
top: 4 ft × 3 ft = 12 ft^2 bottom: 4 ft × 3 ft = 12 ft^2 front: 4 ft × 1 ft = 4 ft^2 back: 4 ft × 1 ft = 4 ft^2 right: 1 ft × 3 ft = 3 ft^2 left: 1 ft × 3 ft = 3 ft^2
downtrodden
treated unfairly and cruelly, oppressed Take on the role of a nameless character and forge alliances with whomever you like -- the downtrodden humans, the conquering Orcs, or even the traitorous merchants.
Chemical reactions generally occur in:
two directions
lymphocytes:
two distinct kinds of white blood cells (T and B cells)
seminal vesicles
two small glands that secrete a fluid rich in sugar that nourishes and helps sperm move secrete the bulk of the fluid which makes up semen, which is composed of various proteins, sugars, and enzymes
Check the image A={1,2,3,4,5,6} B={2,4,6,8,10,12}
union {U}
Bar graphs
use bars of different lengths to compare data. The independent variable on a bar graph is grouped into categories such as months, flavors, or locations, and the dependent variable is a quantity. Thus, comparing the length of bars provides a visual guide to the relative amounts in each category. Double bar graphs show more than one data set on the same set of axes.
Which of the following is an example of a birthmark caused by an increased volume of capillaries close to the surface of the skin? ephelides vascular nevis melanocytes comedones
vascular nevis Correct A vascular nevis, or hemangioma, is a red-colored birthmark caused by a proliferation of blood vessels.
Water also has a low molecular weight. Most low-weight compounds exist in a gaseous form at room temperature, but water is a liquid at room temperature. This is because_______________________________________ require high amounts of heat to break
water's strong hydrogen bonds
when graphing the inequality y>4x-1, which side of line will be shaded?
what is the y-intercept form of a linear equation? y-intercept form: y=mx+b
Capillary action is the result of adhesion. Which aspect of water is responsible for this?
which is the ability of water to travel against gravity. Capillary action moves blood through vessels in the body and water from the roots to the leaves of plants
