Counseling Skills Final Fall 2020
141. Claire feels she should be able to run her business full-time while also taking care of her family; however, she finds the stress of trying to do it all is interfering with her health and well-being. Which of the following does her situation best reflect? a. A conflict of competing wants b. A conflict of competing needs c. A conflict of wants and needs d. A conflict of wants and goals
A conflict of wants and needs
145. According to research findings, which of the following is a characteristic of a creative person? a. A sense of confidence and optimistic attitude b. A very specifically focused range of interests c. A marked disposition to be counterdependent d. A strongly entrenched pattern(s) of behavior
A marked disposition to be counterdependent
88. Probes can be used to _____________. a. explore clients' experiences b. clarify clients' point of view c. explore decisions the client is considering d. All of the above
All of the above
91. When is a good time to summarize? a. During a session that is going nowhere b. When the client needs a new perspective c. At the beginning of a new session d. All of the above
All of the above
129. A client comes for his first session with you. He seems anxious and starts talking by saying "Yesterday, I felt so nervous that I couldn't leave the house. It took every bit of strength I had to come here today." Then he stops talking. In accordance with Stage I, you want to help him to tell his story. Which of the following might you do to help him to continue in the way most beneficial to him? a. Ask him whether anxiety and sadness characterize his life. b. Gently suggest that his anxiety is about meeting new people and the more often he does it, the easier it will be. c. Ask him to tell you more about his anxiety. d. Ask him what other problems he is facing.
Ask him to tell you more about his anxiety.
27. According to Egan, how would you know whether your services are working for your clients? a. At the end of your work together, directly ask the client, "How successful has this experience been for you?" b. Examine the notes you took throughout the helping experience and note how the client changed from the beginning to the end. c. Check on progress with the client throughout the helping process. d. Ask them at the ends of Stages I, II, and III.
Check on progress with the client throughout the helping process.
149. Iris is a strict vegan (i.e., she does not consume or use any animal products). She has administrative office experience and has been looking for a better-paying job. She gets two offers. Both pay more than her current job, come from employers with excellent reputations and records, and involve very similar administrative duties. However, the job that pays the most is for a meat-processing company, and the other job is for an animal rescue organization. Which of Egan's guidelines for setting goals is most related to the choice Iris is facing? a. Establishing goals that make a difference b. Setting goals that are sustainable c. Formulating goals that are realistic d. Choosing goals consistent with her values
Choosing goals consistent with her values
105. Transforming blind spots into new perspectives requires which of the following to manage problems and opportunities? a. Self-limiting internal behavior b. Synesthesia c. Ratiocination d. Cognitive restructuring
Cognitive restructuring
116. Your text cites some common beliefs that make some people reluctant to seek or accept help initially, and that make some clients reluctant to engage in the work required by the helping process. Which of the following statements does not illustrate one or more of these beliefs? a. Seeking help in counseling is associated with both social and personal stigmas. b. The emotional pain, shame, and embarrassment will make me feel even worse. c. Counseling means disclosing all my private secrets but likely will not help much. d. Counseling will solve most of my problems and then I will lose my motivation.
Counseling will solve most of my problems and then I will lose my motivation.
104. Which of the following is not an example of a blind spot? a. Simple unawareness b. Failure to think things through c. Disagreement with the helper d. Self-deception
Disagreement with the helper
41. ______________ is a helper's ability to understand the client from his or her point of view, and to communicate this understanding to the client when appropriate. a. Empowerment b. Empathy c. Diversity d. Working alliance
Empathy
152. Among counseling techniques to increase client self-efficacy, which of the following does so by helping to eliminate obstacles for clients to deploy their resources? a. Corrective feedback b. Positive feedback c. Success as reinforcer d. Ensuring client skills
Ensuring client skills
Violent acts follow from high or low self-esteem?
High self esteem, egocentric, narcissism
138. In helping clients to challenge the quality of their participation, which of the following principles most addresses a client's attitude or perception of being a victim and failure to act? a. Inviting clients to own their problems and unused opportunities b. Inviting clients to state their problems as solvable c. Inviting clients to explore their "problem-maintenance structure" d. Inviting clients to move on to the right stage and task of the helping process
Inviting clients to own their problems and unused opportunities
123. In Egan's discussion of helping clients manage without a helper, which of the following most accurately reflects a client approach to therapy that he finds acceptable? a. Most often, counselors help clients make plans for constructive change, and then clients implement the plans. b. Most often, counselors help clients make, and then implement, plans for change until the changes are "in place." c. Some clients with serious mental and/or substance abuse disorders may need therapy throughout their lives. d. Some clients may continue to see a helper only occasionally as they feel the need, but doing this is never effective.
Most often, counselors help clients make plans for constructive change, and then clients implement the plans.
97. Sternberg identified four fallacies in thinking that otherwise smart people make. Which fallacy is consistent with the following statement, "I don't need to quit smoking; the statistics about smoking don't apply to me—I exercise all the time."? a. Self-fulfilling fallacy b. Egocentrism fallacy c. Omnipotence fallacy d. Exception fallacy
Omnipotence fallacy
22. Helping clients discover possibilities for a better future is a task in which stage of the helping process? a. Stage IV b. Stage III c. Stage II d. Stage I
Stage II
113. According to your text, which is an accurate observation about implementation intentions? a. Strong commitment to goals will make specific goal-attaining actions almost automatic. b. Researchers point out that, unlike actions, good intentions deserve their poor reputation. c. Researchers find implementation intentions correlate only weakly with goal attainment. d. Strong specific intentions will make moving to goal-achieving actions almost automatic.
Strong specific intentions will make moving to goal-achieving actions almost automatic.
168. Egan names several areas in which there are many ready-made programs that contribute to well-being and can be used as adjuncts with all approaches to helping. Which of the following does he name but not describe? a. Exercise b. Nutrition c. Substance abuse d. Stress management
Substance abuse
102. According to Steven Hayes' acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) approach, which of the following should clients do about self-defeating thoughts and emotions? a. They should transform bad thoughts and feelings into good ones. b. They should confront bad thoughts and feelings, not avoid them. c. They should embrace and defuse them using respectful attention. d. They should analyze them from some distance and dispute them.
They should confront bad thoughts and feelings, not avoid them.
Sin is not merely wrong doing; it is wrong ______
being
4. Helping is about ________. a. constructive change that leads to results b. confronting and understanding one's childhood c. bringing the unconscious into the conscious d. teaching the client to follow professional advice
constructive change that leads to results
Evil is not just something we ____, it is something we ____
do, are
68. In identifying emotions during a helping situation, the helper should use the correct ____. a. family of emotions and the correct emotional expression b. family of emotions and type of cognition c. family of emotions and the correct intensity d. intensity and duration of emotional expression
family of emotions and the correct intensity
You cannot sit with such suffering and ______________ The first thing I learned early on in my life is the suffering____
not suffer too, is
79. All the empathic responses a helper might use to influence the client's work constructively may be referred to as ___________. a. wake-up calls b. promises of healing c. kicks in the pants d. nudges
nudges
Evil, or SIN, is ________ to God
opposite
140. In initial sessions with clients, it is important to ____. a. provide empathy b. avoid linking any issues to actions or potential actions c. engage with the client in a business- like manner d. establish a timeline for completing therapy
provide empathy
The extent to which a helper and a client are genuine with one another is referred to as the ____. a. working alliance b. genuine relationship c. working relationship d. real relationship
real relationship
72. Empathy ____. a. is only encouraged early in the helping process b. can slow down client self-challenge c. should be used throughout the helping process d. should be limited when choosing actions to accomplish goals
should be used throughout the helping process
109. Confrontation with clients should be used _______________. a. when helpers need to vent frustration constructively b. in an abrupt manner to capture the clients' attention c. in the form of ultimatums to help decision-making d. sparingly and carefully with empathy and respect
sparingly and carefully with empathy and respect
137. When starting to explore the problem situation, it is most important to ____. a. start where the client starts in telling the story b. avoid asking questions c. lead the client through the story d. fill in the gaps in the client's story as needed
start where the client starts in telling the story
Suffering cannot occur apart from ___ ______
the Father
He says we have met the enemy and they are...
us
147. Which of these statements is an example of describing the desired future in outcome language? a. "I want to lose a lot of weight this year." b. "I want to be thinner so I will look better." c. "I want to eat less and exercise more." d. "I want to lose 24 pounds by next year"
"I want to lose 24 pounds by next year"
67. The basic formula Egan suggests beginners use to deliver empathic understanding is ____. a. "What I think I hear you saying is..." b. "You feel...because..." c. "Let's share highlights of your story..." d. "This is very painful...makes me feel bad also."
"You feel...because..."
157. _______ are valuable only insofar as they lead to _______ for the client, and _______ are only valuable insofar as they lead to _______ for the client. a. Outcomes, constructive impacts; constructive impacts, actions b. Actions, outcomes; outcomes, constructive impacts c. Constructive impacts, actions; actions, outcomes d. Outcomes, actions; actions, constructive impacts
Actions, outcomes; outcomes, constructive impacts
142. Which of the following is an example of second-order change? a. Adjustments to the current situation b. Changing the underlying system c. Focusing on symptoms d. Temporary changes
Adjustments to the current situation
159. Which of the following is a way to help clients develop strategies for attaining their goals? a. Using brainstorming b. Various frameworks c. Finding social support d. All of these choices are correct.
All of these choices are correct.
161. Strategies for achieving goals should be or do which of the following, according to Egan? a. Specific, substantive, sustainable b. Realistic, prudent, cost-effective c. Flexible, and fit client values d. All of these choices are correct.
All of these choices are correct.
55. Clients' stories tend to be a collection of their _______________. a. experiences and behaviors b. thoughts c. emotions d. All these are correct
All these are correct
19. All helping frameworks, models, or processes should help clients ask and answer for themselves which of the following questions? a. What does a better future look like? b. How do I get there? c. How do I make it all happen? d. All these choices are correct
All these choices are correct
128. Which of the following is not an example of a "precursor" or "regulator" (Hanna, 2002) indicating a person's readiness to benefit from the helping experience? a. An ability to cry when the helper mentions something that feels very sad b. A sense of necessity that one must do something about a problem or issue c. The sufficient will or effort to make changes in one's life d. A willingness or readiness to experience anxiety or difficulty
An ability to cry when the helper mentions something that feels very sad
82. What of the following is/are not a type of probe? a. A direct question b. An interpretation c. Single words or phrases that are, in effect, questions or requests d. A statement
An interpretation
103. In helping, the term "blind spot" refers to which of the following? a. Aspects of ourselves that we fail to see or choose to ignore b. Aspects of others that we can see that they cannot c. Problematic aspects of ourselves that can never be fixed d. Precious parts of ourselves that reflect the saying "ignorance is bliss"
Aspects of ourselves that we fail to see or choose to ignore
151. Barry, a small-time career criminal and aspiring actor, wants to take an acting class while continuing his current work. He does not see why he cannot do both. His counselor points out that if he gets acting gigs in the future, then a victim of one of his criminal assignments might recognize him from a TV or stage performance. This most illustrates which of the following regarding Egan's goal-setting guidelines? a. Barry's goal is not realistic. b. Barry's goal is not prudent. c. Barry's goal is not flexible. d. Barry's goal is not specific.
Barry's goal is not flexible.
33. Which of the following is most accurate regarding the collaborative nature of the relationship between the helper and the client? a. The helper's primary goal is to cure the client. b. Both the helper and the client have work to do in the problem-management and opportunity-development stages and tasks, and both have responsibilities related to outcomes. c. The helper must follow the stages and tasks of the helping process so that the client can be guided toward a successful outcome. d. The client needs to be as expressive and clear about problems as possible.
Both the helper and the client have work to do in the problem-management and opportunity-development stages and tasks, and both have responsibilities related to outcomes.
60. How can helpers best avoid informational overload? a. By identifying key messages and feelings b. By taking notes while the client tells his/her story c. By asking the client to focus only on what is most important d. By gently and respectfully asking the client not to speak too much
By identifying key messages and feelings
63. Which of the following is not a useful way for helpers to respond to clients? a. By sharing their understanding of what is going on in the session b. By interpreting what a client said to get at what s/he really means c. By checking to make sure that they have gotten things right d. By probing for clarity and summarizing the issues being discussed
By interpreting what a client said to get at what s/he really means
146. Two different clients are both experiencing problems in their careers. Client A has determined that one overriding solution is best; Client B has generated multiple alternatives for possible solutions. Which of the following accurately describes these approaches? a. Client A's approach uses divergent thinking; Client B's approach uses convergent thinking. b. Client A's approach uses convergent thinking; Client B's approach uses divergent thinking. c. Both Client A's approach and Client B's approach use convergent thinking in different ways. d. Both Client A's approach and Client B's approach use divergent thinking in different ways.
Client A's approach uses convergent thinking; Client B's approach uses divergent thinking.
28. Which of the following is one reason for helpers using The Skilled Helper approach to remain flexible in its use? a. Clients who have the same issues need to be helped in the same way. b. Clients start and proceed through the helping process in more or less the same way. c. Clients engage in each stage and task of the model differently. d. In actual practice, the stages and tasks of the model occur in more or less the same way.
Clients engage in each stage and task of the model differently.
155. Which of the following most accurately reflects Egan's discussion of the shadow side of goal setting? a. Clients are often more comfortable discussing the past than exploring the future. b. Clients can see themselves as victims of their problems and still commit to goals. c. Clients who know what their goals are are eager to make demands of themselves. d. Clients often find that goals can hem them in, but they never find goals liberating.
Clients who know what their goals are are eager to make demands of themselves.
111. What is the key difference between decisional self-control and protracted self-control? a. Decisional self-control involves decision-making, whereas protracted self-control does not. b. Decisional self-control ends conflict in one act, whereas protracted self-control needs ongoing work. c. Decisional self-control is used for each decision, whereas protracted self-control is used for every behavior. d. Decisional self-control resists temptation, whereas protracted self-control avoids temptation.
Decisional self-control is used for each decision, whereas protracted self-control is used for every behavior.
99. Some weeks ago, Rachel told her counselor that her husband is very happy with their nonexistent sex life, and that they both agree sex is not so important. During today's session, she tells her counselor she was shocked and horribly saddened to learn that her husband was having an affair. When she asked her husband about it, he told her that he missed having sex in his life. Rachel's earlier assumption about her husband and their lack of interest in sex reflects which of the following? a. Dysfunctional external behavior b. Self-defeating expressions of feelings and emotions c. Distorted understanding of the world d. Unused strengths and resources
Distorted understanding of the world
38. Which of these is closest to what Egan identifies as his own bias relative to multicultural counseling competencies? a. The key concept is culture rather than diversity. b. Ethnic or national culture supersedes personal culture. c. Diversity in personal culture is the key concept. d. Diversity is one among many key cultural factors.
Diversity in personal culture is the key concept.
96. Kelly is upset because she believes she is not adequately keeping up with all her demands as a full-time student, part-time bookkeeper, and single mother of three. "I feel like I am so dumb; I barely made a 'C' on the biology test I just took." The counselor points out she has As and Bs in all her classes, including biology, and just got a raise at work. "I know, but I should have done better on that test. If I screw up one thing, I think I am a failure." According to Ellis, what type of self-defeating mindset does this exemplify? a. The omniscience fallacy b. The invulnerability fallacy c. Dysfunctional belief of always being competent d. Dysfunctional belief of always having one's own way
Dysfunctional belief of always being competent
42. Which of the following does not reflect an aspect of empathy? a. Empathy is an ability to understand each client from his or her point of view and to communicate this understanding when indicated. b. Empathy is an understanding of and feeling for the experiences, thoughts, feelings, and actions of individuals in and through the contexts of their lives. c. Empathy is an ability to bring the client's values in line with the helper's values to achieve therapeutic goals. d. Empathy is an ability to understand the dissonance between the client's point of view and reality.
Empathy is an ability to bring the client's values in line with the helper's values to achieve therapeutic goals.
118. Which of the following does Egan identify as an unhelpful behavior that helpers should avoid in dealing with client reluctance and resistance? a. Exploring and overcoming their (the helpers') own reluctance and resistance b. Giving direction of the helping process to the client to meet a need for power c. Seeing as normal, accepting, and working with client reluctance or resistance d. Enlisting reluctant or resistant clients to help other reluctant/resistant clients
Enlisting reluctant or resistant clients to help other reluctant/resistant clients
74. Which of the following is not one of the principles for responding to clients with empathy? a. Respond selectively to core client messages. b. Express your own emotions about the client's situation. c. Respond to the context, not just to the words. d. Use empathic responses as a mild social-influence process.
Express your own emotions about the client's situation.
70. At the end of Chapter 11, Egan reminds students about which of the following? a. Follow the linear logic of the helping process. b. Follow the norm for client-centered flexibility. c. Follow the type of logic that each client brings. d. Follow the ways of helpers, not entrepreneurs.
Follow the norm for client-centered flexibility.
143. Bill had a serious health scare and tells his counselor he has decided to adopt a healthier lifestyle by starting to exercise regularly, quitting smoking, and changing his diet. Research finds that setting goals empowers clients in four main ways. Bill's decision most reflects which of these ways? a. Goals help clients focus their attention on what is important to them. b. Goals help clients mobilize and direct their energy to attaining them. c. Goals help clients have incentives to find strategies to achieve them. d. Goals help clients to work harder and longer when clear and specific.
Goals help clients focus their attention on what is important to them.
133. Which of the following is not one of Egan's methods to help clients to explore their problems and identify unexploited opportunities? a. Help clients search for resources b. Help clients talk productively about the past c. Help clients see every problem as an opportunity d. Help clients assess their interpersonal skills
Help clients assess their interpersonal skills
114. Clyde is a therapist who uses a behaviorist model of counseling. He helps his clients identify antecedents, that is, things right before that make a behavior more likely to occur; and positive reinforcements, that is, things right after a behavior that make it more likely to recur. Then Clyde and his clients work together on arranging antecedents and positive reinforcements in their environments to promote desired behaviors. Which of the following ways from your text of helping clients move to action does this most resemble? a. Help clients identify unused resources that can facilitate action b. Help clients find incentives and rewards for action c. Help clients develop action-focused self-contracts d. Use feedback as a way of helping clients move to life-enhancing action
Help clients find incentives and rewards for action
124. Some clients come to understand themselves and their behavior better and realize what they would need to do to change, but they find the price too high. According to Egan, which of the following is not a way that helpers should respond to this? a. Invite clients to challenge themselves for making changes b. Help clients progress until they make the choice to change c. Help clients understand the consequences of not changing d. Accept that whether to change or not is the client's choice
Help clients progress until they make the choice to change
125. Which of the following statements is most accurate about Stage I-A of the helping framework? a. Helpers help clients to (1) tell their stories, (2) identify the most important story to begin working on it, and (3) stay focused on issues that will make a difference in their lives. b. Helpers help clients to (1) identify their problems, (2) outline solutions, and (3) create an action plan for moving forward. c. Helpers help clients to (1) tell their stories, (2) reframe their stories to develop new, more useful perspectives, and (3) overcome the most significant of their problems. d. Helpers help clients to (1) tell their stories, (2) reframe their stories to develop new, more useful perspectives, and (3) stay focused on issues that will make a difference in their lives.
Helpers help clients to (1) tell their stories, (2) reframe their stories to develop new, more useful perspectives, and (3) stay focused on issues that will make a difference in their lives.
166. Which of the following accurately reflects one of the principles set forth by Egan for humanizing the mechanics of problem management and opportunity development? a. Helpers should consider strategies and planning only after listening to the client's story. Helpers who fail to give a human face to planning tasks run the risk of alienating clients. c. An exact blueprint for actions, sequencing, and time frame promotes client self-reliance. d. Devising plans for clients and helping tailor them to client needs just fosters dependence.
Helpers should consider strategies and planning only after listening to the client's story.
158. Which of the following is not true about developing strategies to achieve goals, according to Egan? a. Most clients instinctively seek different routes to goals and choose the best ones. b. Helping clients develop strategies can be the most fruitful way of being with them. c. Helpers sometimes avoid this step because it is too jargon-laden and mechanical. d. Clients having clear goals but no idea of how to accomplish them are still at sea.
Helping clients develop strategies can be the most fruitful way of being with them.
144. Among the three tasks of Stage II, which of the following describes Task II-C—Demonstrate Commitment? a. Helping the client develop problem-managing possibilities to move from problems to solutions, which in turn helps the client in developing a sense of hope b. Helping the client to predict the future realistically based on the present situation rather than exploring, imagining, inventing, designing, and developing the future c. Helping the client craft from among the possibilities a viable change agenda that will manage the problem situation and/or help to develop some unused opportunity d. Helping the client discover incentives for doing the work needed to achieve desired outcomes; in other words, "What am I willing to pay for what I want?"
Helping the client discover incentives for doing the work needed to achieve desired outcomes; in other words, "What am I willing to pay for what I want?"
117. Among the examples of reasons that Egan gives for reluctance and resistance regarding counseling, which of the following is a primary reason for resistance? a. Hesitancy about doing the hard work of counseling b. Having lost all hope that they can change their lives c. Reacting to what they perceive as coercion or abuse d. Feeling afraid of the intensity of the helping process
Hesitancy about doing the hard work of counseling
115. Egan discusses several of the "endless" ways we avoid taking responsibility including passivity, learned helplessness, disabling self-talk, getting trapped in vicious circles, and disorganization. Into which category of obstacles to action does he place these? a. Inertia b. Entropy c. Procrastination d. Imprudent action
Inertia
10. Decision-making is a common factor that is important in the therapy process. What are the four keys to decision-making? a. Information gathering, analysis, making a choice, and follow-through. b. Information gathering, analysis, contemplation, and reanalysis c. Expert advice, decision-focused thinking, openness, and reanalysis d. Expert advice, analysis, contemplation, and intuition
Information gathering, analysis, making a choice, and follow through
64. What type of empathy should typically be central to the helping process? a. Objective empathy b. Subjective empathy c. Interpersonal empathy d. Intrapersonal empathy
Interpersonal empathy
78. Which of the following responses from the shadow side most implies that the helper's theoretical orientation is more important than expressing understanding of the client's feelings and key messages? a. Clichés b. Interpretations c. Faking it d. Parroting
Interpretations
110. Which of the following best identifies the importance of the action arrow? a. It highlights the logic of change rather than the fact of the change itself. b. It highlights talking about change rather than acting to make the change. c. It highlights acting to make the change rather than talking about change d. It highlights acting to make change first and talking about it afterward.
It highlights acting to make the change rather than talking about change
30. Which of the following is not true about the helping approach presented in your textbook? a. It can be used as a tool for mining, organizing, and evaluating concepts and techniques that work for clients, no matter what their origin is. b. It is designed to be a stand-alone approach to helping. c. It can be incorporated within the helper's own model or approach to helping. d. It places the client in the role of decision maker throughout the helping process.
It is designed to be a stand-alone approach to helping.
127. Which of the following is not a helper's goal during Stage I-A? a. Establish a good rapport with the client. b. Help clients to gain clarity about the issues they face. c. Keep the clients from acting on their problems before they are ready. d. Help reduce any stress a client might be feeling when beginning the helping experience.
Keep the clients from acting on their problems before they are ready.
37. According to Egan, which of the following parts of an individual's personal culture is not defined correctly? a. Assumptions and beliefs, or what people think about themselves, other people, and the world around them b. Values, or what people prize in their lives c. Patterns of internal and external behavior, or the way people live their lives d. Norms, or what the helper reinforces as what the client should or should not do
Norms, or what the helper reinforces as what the client should or should not do
85. The counselor asks Jason, "Now that you've decided to finish college, how do you see the future?" What type of question is this? a. Rhetorical question b. Closed question c. Hypocritical question d. Open-ended question
Open-ended question
160. Among the various frameworks helpers can use to help clients identify resources to develop a range of strategies, which of these would not necessarily involve interacting with other people? a. Individuals and exemplars b. Communities c. Places and things d. Organizations and programs
Organizations and programs
120. Your textbook cites the work of Holaday and McPhearson (1997), who distinguish between outcome resilience and process resilience in this chapter. This chapter also defines decisional self-control and protracted self-control, and the distinction between them. To draw an analogy, how do these two pairs relate? a. Outcome resilience relates to decisional self-control, whereas process resilience relates to protracted self-control. b. Outcome resilience relates to protracted self-control, whereas process resilience relates to decisional self-control. c. Both outcome resilience and process resilience relate to decisional self-control, not protracted self-control. d. Both outcome resilience and process resilience relate to protracted self-control, not decisional self-control.
Outcome resilience relates to decisional self-control, whereas process resilience relates to protracted self-control.
164. Which of the following accurately reflects what Egan says about formal planning with clients? a. Plans help clients develop discipline and can overwhelm clients. b. Plans help clients evaluate goals and search for better strategies. c. Plans help clients be aware of needed resources and not barriers. d. Plans help clients reveal unexpected obstacles and not resources.
Plans help clients evaluate goals and search for better strategies.
29. Which of the following is the most important outcome of the helping process? a. Problem-managing action b. Relief from suffering c. Self-insight d. Improved communication skills
Problem-managing action
122. Regarding your text's discussion of the relationship of resilience to posttraumatic growth, which of the following is most accurate? a. Posttraumatic growth is the outcome of resilience. b. Resilience is the outcome of posttraumatic growth. c. Posttraumatic growth is the outcome of the trauma. d. Good therapists can help every client achieve both.
Resilience is the outcome of posttraumatic growth.
71. According to Egan, which of the following indicates how a helper might express empathy toward clients? a. Respond accurately to clients' feelings, emotions and moods. b. Respond subjectively to clients' dreams. c. Respond subjectively by assessing the veracity of clients' stories. d. Respond accurately to clients' formal histories.
Respond accurately to clients' feelings, emotions and moods.
75. Which of the following is not a tactic identified by Egan for responding to clients with empathy? a. Respond quickly to client communications. b. Gear your response to the client, but remain yourself. c. Use short responses. d. Give yourself time to think.
Respond quickly to client communications.
90. Which of the following is not one of the possible goals of summarizing? a. Prompting the client to explore a theme more thoroughly b. "Warming up" the client c. Bringing the discussion of a specific theme to a close d. Saying a specific problem has been adequately addressed
Saying a specific problem has been adequately addressed
156. Which of the following is not one of the interrelated tasks of Stage III? a. Developing potential strategies to accomplish client goals b. Selecting strategies that fit best for the individual client c. Setting goals in terms of outcomes the client desires d. Formulating realistic plans of action for change
Selecting strategies that fit best for the individual client
50. Which of the following is not an important factor in nonverbal communication between helper and client as presented by Egan? a. Body behavior b. Facial expressions c. Shaking hands at the beginning of each session d. Physical closeness or distance in the helping space
Shaking hands at the beginning of each session
107. Which of the following is not an example of an advanced empathy technique? a. Helping clients make the implied explicit b. Helping clients make connections that may be missing c. Sharing your gut instincts about what is going on d. Sharing educated hunches based on empathic understanding
Sharing your gut instincts about what is going on
121. An injured patient says he wanted to give up, but his wife "made me get out of the hospital bed and learn to walk again." This is the best example of which factor contributing to resilience? a. Using the energy of anger b. A "belligerent style" c. Fantasy and hope d. Social support
Social support
139. Which of the following correctly states one of the principles of getting value from the helping process that Egan advocates using as guidelines for choosing issues to work on in counseling? a. Start with the issue least painful to the client, then progress gradually to more painful ones. b. Start with a larger problem situation, then wait until later to address corresponding subproblems. c. Start with issues most important to the client, whether she or he is willing to work on them or not. d. Start by determining whether the helping process is indicated or should be continued or not.
Start with issues most important to the client, whether she or he is willing to work on them or not.
163. In addressing the factors of risk and probability, which aspect of the shadow side of strategy selection that clients may engage in does Egan say is the most difficult to apply? a. Playing it safe b. Wishful thinking c. Striking a balance d. Avoiding the worst outcome
Striking a balance
132. Read the following and answer the question: CLIENT: Someone said that good things can come from evil things. What happened to my son was evil. But we'll give him all the support he needs to get through this. Though I had the same thing happen to me, I kept it all in until now. It was all locked up inside. I was so ashamed, and my shame became part of me. When I let it all out last week, it was like throwing off a dirty cloak that I'd been wearing for years. Getting it out was so painful, but now I feel so different, so good. I wonder why I had to hold it in for so long. This statement by the client about the past exemplifies which of the following? a. That he is using his recollections to reconcile with or liberate himself from his past b. That he is using his recollections to prepare himself to make changes for the future c. That he is using his recollections to remain stuck in the past d. That he is using his recollections to make sense of the present
That he is using his recollections to reconcile with or liberate himself from his past
165. In practicing "system leadership" (Slaughter, 2017), which of the following statements most accurately reflects one of Egan's six dimensions of a leadership process? a. The best creative ideas must be embedded in a process or program that adds actual value. b. Facilitating creative idea flow and choosing the best ideas to implement are enough. c. Creating a climate of support is more important than being persistent about getting results. d. Being persistent about getting results is more important than creating a climate of support.
The best creative ideas must be embedded in a process or program that adds actual value.
169. Which of the following does not reflect Egan's discussion of the debate over evidence-based practice and treatment manuals? a. The evidence-based treatments overemphasize opportunities, not problems. b. The evidence-based practice controversy lacks common sense and balance. c. The complexity in evidence-based treatments causes confusion in choosing. d. The self-help literature has ready- made programs just as useful as manuals.
The evidence-based practice controversy lacks common sense and balance.
148. Adriana says, "I want to have a better relationship with my daughter. I want to become a better listener." Which of the following best describes these two statements in terms of goal setting? a. The first statement is an instrumental goal; the second statement is an ultimate goal. b. The first statement is an ultimate goal; the second statement is an instrumental goal. c. The first statement is a broad aim, whereas the second statement is a specific goal. d. The first statement is a specific goal, whereas the second statement is a broad aim.
The first statement is an ultimate goal; the second statement is an instrumental goal.
150. Egan cites research by Locke and Latham (1984), who concluded which of the following about clients' typical responses to the levels of challenge in goals? a. The more attainable the goal, the harder a client is motivated to work. b. The more challenging the goal, the lesser effort the client will exert. c. The more challenging the goal, the better the resulting performance. d. The more attainable the goal, the better the resulting performance.
The more attainable the goal, the harder a client is motivated to work.
119. Egan cites Driscoll's (1984, pp. 91-97) discussion of passive clients and what happens when helpers respond with a passivity of their own. Which of the following is not accurate about this? a. Therapist passivity keeps the client from shoving all responsibility onto the therapist. b. Therapist passivity keeps the helper from accepting the wrong kinds of responsibility. c. Therapist passivity is typically a more effective long-term approach to passive clients. d. Therapist passivity leaves the client feeling unsupported, impairing their relationship.
Therapist passivity is typically a more effective long-term approach to passive clients.
92. Which of the following is most accurate about the usefulness of summaries? a. They can help clients to feel more confident in their cognitive abilities. b. They can bring together scattered elements during a session, so clients can see every piece of the work they have to do. c. They can help clients to feel that they have integrated their unconscious conflicts. d. They can bring together scattered elements during a session, so clients can see the "bigger picture" more clearly.
They can bring together scattered elements during a session, so clients can see every piece of the work they have to do.
167. Which of the following does Egan say about contingency plans? a. They help clients to develop more responsibility. b. They are more important with low-risk programs. c. They are more important with less critical goals. d. They help clients yet are necessarily complicated.
They help clients to develop more responsibility.
131. According to Egan, which of the following is not a purpose for discussing the client's past? a. To prepare for action in the future b. To identify problems too deep to address c. To make sense of the present d. To be reconciled to or liberated from the past
To identify problems too deep to address
17. Egan reworked two stages of change models, by Yankelovich (1992) and by Prochaska and colleagues (Norcross, Krebs, & Prochaska, 2011; Prochaska & DiClemente, 2005; Prochaska & Norcoss, 2010), that serve to describe a client's readiness to change. Which of the following is not a part of this combined model? a. Unawareness b. Preliminary actions c. Urgency d. Rehearsal
Urgency
162. Which of the following ways of helping clients choose best-fit problem-managing strategies involves weighing the acceptability and unacceptability of benefits and costs to self and others? a. Using criteria b. Using design thinking c. Using strategy sampling d. Using the balance-sheet method
Using the balance-sheet method
154. Which of the following most accurately represents a question you can help clients ask themselves to evaluate their commitment to the goals they set? a. Is this goal being imposed upon me by other people? b. Will I pursue this goal without incentives or rewards? c. What kind of support do I need in pursuing this goal? d. Are there too many obstacles in the way of this goal?
Will I pursue this goal without incentives or rewards?
26. A client's reluctance to self-disclose most likely signals ____. a. a fear of developing a dependent relationship with the helper b. a general inability to share aspects of himself or herself with others c. a sign of antisocial personality d. a need to control the situation
a general inability to share aspects of himself or herself with others
112. Rebecca wanted to lighten next semester's course load by taking an evening course this semester, but she could not afford to prepay the tuition as the university required. Then she looked online and found the course available at her local community college with lower tuition for area residents. In this example, Rebecca's plan to take the evening course was_______; the university's prepayment requirement was_______; her adjusting her original plan was _______; and her finding the course more affordably elsewhere was _______. a. a strategy; an unforeseen circumstance; a tactic; logistics b. logistics; a tactic; an unforeseen circumstance; a strategy c. an unforeseen circumstance; logistics; a strategy; a tactic d. a tactic; a strategy; logistics; an unforeseen circumstance
a strategy; an unforeseen circumstance; a tactic; logistics
77. According to Egan, the use of sympathy is ____. a. denoting agreement rather than empathy b. synonymous with the use of empathy c. a central tenet of being an effective helper d. particularly useful in counseling
denoting agreement rather than empathy
134. The severity of clients' presenting issues can be simply understood as the combination of ____. a. distress, frequency, and uncontrollability b. distress, resources, and uncontrollability c. resources, frequency, and predisposition d. resources, predisposition, and attitude
distress, frequency, and uncontrollability
153. The three tasks of Stage II, setting goals, are ______ in that they promote _______. a. static; different stages of change b. dynamic; discussion of problems c. static; different varieties of goals d. dynamic; action to enhance lives
dynamic; action to enhance lives
130. If a client thinks that a problem is critical, even though by objective standards the problem does not seem that bad, then ____. a. the client cannot be helped b. for that client, it is critical c. you should immediately apply the tasks of Stage I d. you are working with a severely disturbed person with no sense of reality
for that client, it is critical
135. One of the key tasks in initial meetings with clients as they are telling their stories is to ____. a. help them clarify key issues within their story b. arrive at a firm diagnosis regarding their story c. gauge the objective truthfulness of their story d. define a course of action with a specific timeline
help them clarify key issues within their story
101. Clients use smoke screens to _______________. a. keep themselves from recognizing their own unconscious motives b. hide from helpers the ways in which they fail to face up to life c. show the helpers several problems at the same time d. cope with their inner worlds more effectively
hide from helpers the ways in which they fail to face up to life
Sin or evil is _______ to man's good
opposite
Sin is...
poison
106. Advanced empathy is designed to help the helper to ________________. a. respond more deeply to covert meanings in a client's communication b. communicate the deepest level of the helper's commitment to the client c. achieve a higher level of credibility with resistant clients d. develop the most current clinical skills in psychotherapy
respond more deeply to covert meanings in a client's communication
108. Egan recommends that helper self-disclosure typically be used ____. a. selectively, carefully, and flexibly b. to model openness and honesty c. early in counseling to establish rapport d. at the same level for all clients
selectively, carefully, and flexibly
136. Effective helpers learn to focus on clients' stories and are most able to highlight ____. a. how they will be able to solve the clients' problems as presented b. deficits in clients' coping strategies c. unused resources that clients have d. dysfunctions in clients' histories
unused resources that clients have
52. Your text lists nonlistening, partial listening, audio-recorder listening, and ____ as forms of inactive or inadequate listening. a. texting b. perceptual focus c. diagnostic communication d. rehearsing
rehearsing
98. Read the following: Arthur tells his counselor that last night, over dinner, his friend Peter told him all their mutual friends are fed up with Arthur's acerbic interpersonal style. They all feel he is just nasty and disrespectful. Arthur tells his counselor these friends are being ridiculous and, frankly, rather stupid if they cannot see that he just intends to be funny. He said he told off his friend Peter by saying he and all their friends are idiots. As tactfully as possible, Arthur's counselor asks: "Don't you think that the opinion of all your friends might be something to take seriously?" This challenge is designed to help Arthur to understand his ________________. a. damaged and thus inherently dysfunctional personality b. self-defeating sense of perfectionism c. inadequate participation in the helping process d. self-defeating expressions of feelings and emotions
self-defeating expressions of feelings and emotions
81. Read the following and answer the question. CLIENT (hesitatingly): I don't know whether I can kick the habit, you know, just let some trivial things go at work and at home. I know I've made a contract with myself. I'm not sure that I can keep it. HELPER: Um... CLIENT (pauses, then laughs): Here I am deep into perfectionism, and I hear myself saying I can't do something. How ironic. Of course, I can. It's not going to be easy, at least at first. What is the helper's "Um" called? a. An indication that the helper is uncomfortable b. An attempt to cover up boredom c. A prompt d. A probe
A prompt
56. When listening to their clients, it is important for therapists to ____________. a. listen to clients' thoughts and patterns b. listen to clients' intentions c. listen to clients' emotions d. All of the choices are correct
All of the choices are correct
1. Which of the following is/are the primary goal(s) of helping? a. To help clients become better at helping themselves in their everyday lives b. To help clients manage their problems in living more effectively and developing unused or underused resources and opportunities more fully c. To help clients develop an action-oriented prevention mentality in their lives d. All of the choices are correct.
All of the choices are correct.
15. Which of the following is true of effective therapists? a. They are aware of other people's feelings, needs, and concerns. b. They have a solid set of interpersonal skills. c. They are flexible in their approach with clients. d. All these choices are correct.
All these choices are correct.
Read the following, noting that Counselor A responds one way to the client and Counselor B responds in another: 12-YEAR-OLD CLIENT: My teacher started picking on me from the first day of class. I don't fool around more than anyone else in class, but she gets me anytime I do. I think she's picking on me because she doesn't like me. She doesn't yell at Bill Smith, and he acts funnier than I do. COUNSELOR A: This is a bit perplexing. You wonder why she singles you out for so much discipline. COUNSELOR B: You're mad because the way she picks on you seems unfair. Why is Counselor B's response more effective than A's? a. A uses too many words and too long words. b. B uses the right number and length of words. c. A uses language that is too direct and explicit. d. B responds in a way a 12-year-old can appreciate
B responds in a way a 12-year-old can appreciate
93. Which of the following is true about communication skills? a. Communication skills are necessary but not sufficient for successful therapy. b. Communication skills are necessary and sufficient for successful therapy. c. Communication skills are generally a technical aspect of therapy. d. Communication skills are the "magic bullet" of the helping profession.
Communication skills are necessary and sufficient for successful therapy.
45. Which of the following is not a way to develop multicultural awareness in working with clients from backgrounds different than yours? a. Becoming more aware of your own culture, including your own biases, to understand and appreciate cultures different from yours better b. Understanding how all kinds of diversity, cultural and otherwise, contribute to each client's dynamic makeup c. Creating a list of values that you think your clients need to work on to help them understand mainstream American culture better d. Realizing that mainstream Western psychological theory, methods of inquiry, diagnostic categories, assessment procedures, and professional practices might not fit other cultures or might need some adaptation
Creating a list of values that you think your clients need to work on to help them understand mainstream American culture better
39. What is the first rule of helping? a. Maintain neutrality toward the client. b. Make sure the client understands the impact of culture on his or her life. c. Empathy will get the client to talk to you honestly. d. Do no harm.
Do no harm.
95. According to Egan, which of the following is true about challenging clients? a. Effective helping always involves a mixture of challenge and support. b. Effective helping always separates challenge from support to avoid confusion. c. Effective helping always makes challenge interchangeable with confrontation. d. Effective helping always challenges early to prevent complacency.
Effective helping always involves a mixture of challenge and support.
5. A client has come to see a professional because s/he is not living as fully as s/he would like. Which of the following would be the best starting point for working with this client? a. Focus on accepting life as it is. b. Focus on working through the client's most immediate issue. c. Focus on what has gone wrong in the past. d. Focus on missed opportunities and unused potential.
Focus on missed opportunities and unused potential.
62. A helper has the sense that a client is not making wise decisions about his/her current romantic relationship, and tends to believe the client will never be able to appreciate his/her partner's thoughts and feelings. The client would like to stay with his/her current partner and says they are generally doing well, but they are having communication problems about household chores. What is the best approach for the helper to take? a. Focus upon the client's strengths and misused opportunities. b. Transfer the client to another therapist who can be objective. c. Evaluate the client for the potential of a personality disorder. d. Ask the client to leave her partner based on helper intuitions.
Focus upon the client's strengths and misused opportunities.
86. Which of the following is not a guideline for using probes? a. Explore and clarify clients' points of view, intentions, proposals, and decisions. b. Help clients fill in missing pieces of the picture. c. Challenge clients to express their uncomfortable emotions, feelings, and moods. d. Invite clients to challenge themselves.
Help clients fill in missing pieces of the picture.
31. Which of the following, as noted in the chapter, is important to understand in using helping models? a. Other helping approaches (outside the problem-management process) are not needed, as they unnecessarily complicate things. b. Helpers should have a specific model for each disorder/problem that clients are trying to manage. c. Staying current with research in the helping professions is typically pointless, given the current fads and tendency to replicate ideas. d. Helpers need to share the helping process to help clients be in the driver's seat for making decisions.
Helpers need to share the helping process to help clients be in the driver's seat for making decisions.
47. Which of the following does Egan say is the best way for helpers to encourage clients to develop self-responsibility? a. Helpers should always do everything that they can to empower their clients. b. Helpers should help their clients discover, develop, and apply self-efficacy. c. Helpers should focus primarily on helping rather than on learning or doing. d. Helpers should accept that their clients cannot change their basic behaviors.
Helpers should help their clients discover, develop, and apply self-efficacy.
2. What two basic issues cause most people to seek the helping process? a. Problem situations and unused opportunities b. Depression and alcoholism c. Missed opportunities and anger d. Problem situations and anxiety
Problem situations and unused opportunities
44. Which of the following is not a diversity and multicultural competency for a helper? a. Understanding and appreciating diversity in its many forms and categories b. Helping clients from other countries accept American values to assimilate c. Identifying and challenging one's own cultural and personal-culture biases d. Tailoring interventions with clients in ways that are sensitive to diversity
Helping clients from other countries accept American values to assimilate
94. What is the primary function of challenging? a. Helping clients test reality and invest what they learn to create a better future b. Helping clients clarify concerns c. Helping clients appreciate their futures by understanding how their past has confused them d. Helping clients construct a public face
Helping clients test reality and invest what they learn to create a better future
21. Which of the following is not a task of Egan's The Skilled Helper Stage I approach to helping? a. Helping clients to appreciate fully their decision to begin the helping situation b. Helping clients to explore their concerns c. Helping clients develop new perspectives d. Helping clients to identify key issues to work on
Helping clients to appreciate fully their decision to begin the helping situation
51. What does the E stand for in the acronym SOLER? a. Maintain good eye contact. b. Energize the client. c. Express empathy. d. Be edgy.
Maintain good eye contact.
3. A therapist is focusing on a client's current difficulties of adjusting to the college by helping the client manage her problems with time management. The therapist's approach involves teaching the client to manage her own time and to be proactive in preparing for class. Which principle of outcome-focused helping is missing from this approach? a. Producing life-enhancing outcomes b. Developing a prevention mentality c. Learning how to help oneself d. Dealing with crises when they become critical
Producing life-enhancing outcomes
36. According to Egan, culture can be understood as which of the following? a. An individual's racial or ethnic background and composition b. The kinds of music, visual arts, architecture, and literature in which an individual demonstrates the most interest and involvement c. Shared beliefs and assumptions interacting with shared values to produce shared norms driving shared behavior patterns d. The ways in which people interact in a society
Shared beliefs and assumptions interacting with shared values to produce shared norms driving shared behavior patterns
84. Read the following exchange and then answer the question that follows. CLIENT: My wife and I are seriously talking about divorce now. We had a conversation about it for about an hour before we went to our favorite restaurant for what turned out to be a lovely meal together. HELPER: I am confused about why you would talk about divorce and then go for a romantic dinner. The helper's comment can be understood as which of the following types of probes? a. Direct question b. Statement c. Interpretation d. Request
Statement
65. What does Ickes mean by "empathic accuracy?" a. The ability to appreciate the general spirit of what another person is saying and feeling b. The confirmation by the client that the response given by the helper "hit the mark" c. The ability to accurately infer the specific content of another person's thought and feelings d. The confirmation of an understanding of the helper's own feelings as expressed by the client
The ability to accurately infer the specific content of another person's thought and feelings
6. Though there are many ingredients in helping, what is ultimately one of the most key predictors of successful therapy? a. The client's ability to clearly understand the problem b. The client's freedom from emotional baggage c. The client's development of cognitive and behavioral skills d. The client's participation in the therapeutic endeavor
The client's participation in the therapeutic endeavor
20. The tasks of Stage I of The Skilled Helper approach developed by Egan all have to do with which of the following? a. The client's past b. The client's present situation c. The client's future goals d. Integrating the client's past, present, and future
The client's present situation
32. The term "working alliance" refers to which of the following? a. The national association of counselors, social workers, and psychologists b. The relationship between the client and the mental health establishment c. The collaboration between client and helper based on their agreement to counseling goals and tasks d. The rules of counseling that define the schedule and any fees associated with the helping experience
The collaboration between client and helper based on their agreement to counseling goals and tasks
Read the following: CLIENT: I don't even know where to start. (He slumps in his chair and falls silent.) HELPER: It's pretty clear that you're feeling miserable. Maybe we can talk about why. CLIENT: (after a pause) Well, let me tell you what happened.... Which of the following best describes what the helper has successfully done to help the client to continue talking? The helper has correctly identified the family of emotions that the client was feeling. b. The helper has correctly identified the intensity of emotions that the client was feeling. c. The helper has read and responded to feelings and emotions that the client has expressed explicitly. d. The helper has read and responded to feelings and emotions in the client's nonverbal behavior.
The helper has read and responded to feelings and emotions in the client's nonverbal behavior.
8. According to the research, what is the second most important ingredient in successful therapies (after client factors)? a. Therapist factors (e.g., experience) b. The quality of the relationship between the client and the therapist c. The timing of therapist interventions d. Scientifically based approaches to helping
The quality of the relationship between the client and the therapist
11. According to the text, there are hundreds of different treatment models. Which of the following statements is the most accurate regarding the effectiveness of these different approaches? a. There are clear differences in the outcomes among the bona fide treatment models. b. There are clear advantages of some bona fide treatment models for some disorders (e.g., depression). c. There are no clear differences in the outcomes among the bona fide treatment models. d. There is evidence indicating that the treatment model is the primary driver of therapeutic success.
There are no clear differences in the outcomes among the bona fide treatment models.
70. Because clients express feelings in different ways, helpers can communicate an understanding of feelings in a variety of ways. Which of the following are ways suggested by Egan for helpers to communicate their understanding of the client's emotional state? a. By using single words and/or different kinds of phrases to identify the feelings b. By focusing on the emotions implied in the client's statements about behaviors By focusing on the emotions implied in the experiences the client is discussing d. These are all correct ways Egan says helpers can communicate understanding
These are all correct ways Egan says helpers can communicate understanding
Read the following helper-client exchange about the client's relationship with his mother, and then answer the question that follows. HELPER: The other day you talked about "having it out with her"—though that might be too strong a term. But just now you mentioned something about "being reasonable with her." Tell me how these two things are different. CLIENT (pausing): Well, I think you might be witnessing a case of cold feet.... She's a very strong woman. How is the counselor using the probe? To help the client achieve concreteness and clarity b. To invite the client to challenge himself c. To explore the client's points of view, intentions, proposals, and decisions d. To help the client get a balanced view of problem situations and opportunities
To invite the client to challenge himself
9. Feedback is an important ingredient in the helping process. What typifies best practices regarding feedback? a. One-way feedback from the client to the therapist about how therapy is going b. Two-way feedback between the client and the therapist about how therapy is going. c. The awareness that feedback may be needed in some cases, but not in others. d. Frequent feedback early in therapy, and the reduction or elimination of feedback later on in therapy
Two-way feedback between the client and the therapist about how therapy is going
73. Which of these is not noted among ways to check whether a helping response was accurate? a. Use the experiential recapitulation process b. Use an empathic response to check a perception. c. Evaluate verbal and nonverbal behaviors. d. Note if clients move forward in the helping process
Use the experiential recapitulation process.
100. Which of the following is not cited in the text as a discrepancy that a helper might want to challenge? a. What clients think or feel versus what they say b. What clients believe versus their intent c. What clients say versus what they do d. Clients' views of themselves versus the views that others have of them
What clients believe versus their intent
83. Which of the following is an example of an effective question? a. Do you like baseball? b. What do you like about baseball? c. Do you like baseball compared to basketball, golf, or tennis? d. When is the next time you will talk to him?
What do you like about baseball?
46. A bias toward promoting action with clients is _____________. a. a normal response that helpers must learn to minimize b. typically a more problematic bias with anxious helpers c. an important component in the problem-management process d. typically effective only for clients who are experiencing depression
a normal response that helpers must learn to minimize
25. Stage III of the helping process involves helping clients ____. a. choose strategies that best fit their resources b. pull strategies together into a manageable plan c. generate possible strategies for achieving goals d. all these choices are correct
all these choices are correct
43. To help clients become more active agents of their own lives ("doers" rather than "reactors"), the helper should _____________. a. listen carefully and remain passive so the client can be the more active participant b. focus on the client's fantasies about what life should be like c. be active with his or her clients by engaging in dialogue with them d. take an active role in pointing out everything that gets in the way of the client's success
be active with his or her clients by engaging in dialogue with them
12. Uncertainty in decision-making and in the helping process a. is unlikely to be an issue in most cases. b. can be avoided in order to increase the efficiency of the therapeutic process. c. can be a place to find unlimited possibilities. d. should be avoided at all costs.
can be a place to find unlimited possibilities.
23. Robert, a high school senior, tells his helper that he wants to get into Princeton University but he knows that his grades and SAT scores are not good enough to be accepted. He says, "I think I will apply anyway. What have I got to lose?" He goes on to say that he is only going to apply to Ivy League schools because his life will not be worth living if he does not attend one of these prestigious schools. According to Task B of Stage II of the helping framework, Robert's helper should help Robert to ______________. a. focus on issues that will make a difference b. find incentives that will promote acceptance to an Ivy League school c. choose realistic and challenging goals that are real solutions to key issues d. focus on improving his relationships with women
choose realistic and challenging goals that are real solutions to key issues
18. The approach to helping developed by Egan is all about helping __________. a. clients to manage their problems and to develop opportunities b. helpers to develop their skills c. clients to identify and solve their problems and to brainstorm future possibilities d. helpers to gain the skills necessary for state licensure
clients to identify and solve their problems and to brainstorm future possibilities
13. An important principle of dialogue in therapy involves a. convincing clients that their experiences are abnormal. b. convincing clients that the therapist knows best. c. co-creating an experience and the outcomes with clients. d. explaining to clients the impact of childhood experience on present and future conditions.
co-creating an experience and the outcomes with clients.
48. As presented by Egan (2012), the four requirements for true dialogue in the helping process are turn taking, connecting, mutual influencing, and ______________. a. speaking with emotion b. coming to agreement c. co-creating outcomes d. therapeutic progress
co-creating outcomes
58. From the perspective of positive psychology, a helper should always listen to a client for _____________. a. comments a client makes that are optimistic b. client strengths, opportunities, and resources c. information that will lead to positive growth d. comments that interrupt the flow of dialogue
comments that interrupt the flow of dialogue
59. Nonverbal behavior can punctuate verbal communication by confirming or repeating what is being said, denying or confusing what is being said, strengthening or emphasizing what is being said, adding intensity to what is being said, and ____ what is being said. a. controlling or regulating b. eliminating or negating c. refreshing or renewing d. recalling or reviewing
controlling or regulating
26. The "action arrow" of the problem-management framework indicates that clients need to act __-. a. from the beginning of the helping process b. only at the end of the helping process c. after Stage I when the problem is understood d. after Stage II when a plan is formulated
from the beginning of the helping process
35. Counseling research has found that clients typically begin improving ____. a. early in the treatment b. in the middle of the treatment c. later on in the treatment d. after finishing the treatment
early in the treatment
54. According to Carl Rogers (1980), empathic listening means _______________. a. entering the client's private perceptual world and becoming at home in it b. maintaining control of the client while listening to the client c. reading the client's unconscious messages through his/her facial expressions d. being genuine in your responses to what you hear the client is saying
entering the client's private perceptual world and becoming at home in it
49. One of the keys to mutual influencing is ________________. a. for the therapist and client to take turns so both share talk time b. for the therapist and client both to feel sympathy for each other c. for the therapist to gain leverage to influence clients positively d. for the therapist to observe the virtue of "openness to the other"
for the therapist to observe the virtue of "openness to the other"
16. The term "framework" rather than model is used to describe the problem-management process because the term _______________. a. model is an overused term in counseling and psychotherapy b. framework reflects a systematic but flexible, nonlinear approach c. framework promotes a strategic, an efficient, and a linear approach d. framework better captures the simplicity of the helping process
framework reflects a systematic but flexible, nonlinear approach
89. Probes are typically not useful ____________. a. in assisting clients to balance their viewpoint on a problem situation and their opportunities b. in assisting clients to explore some unused opportunities in a situation c. in assisting clients to avoid certain parts of their story d. as mild forms of challenge
in assisting clients to avoid certain parts of their story
66. According to Egan, the communication skills involved in responding with empathy have three dimensions. These are ____. a. know-how, tact, and discretion b. perceptiveness, know-how, and assertiveness c. openness, agreeableness, and sensitivity d. openness, sympathy, and tact
perceptiveness, know-how, and assertiveness
7. An advantage to helping a client develop an action-oriented mentality in his or her life is that it helps him or her to ________. a. overcome disabling depression b. feel aligned with the helper c. prevent future problems d. overcome all of life's problems
prevent future problems
80. Verbal and sometimes nonverbal tactics for helping clients talk more freely and concretely about any issue at any point in the helping process are commonly referred to as ____________. a. listening skills b. encouragement c. therapist skillfulness d. prompts and probes
prompts and probes
53. Nonverbal behaviors generally ______________. a. are not necessarily important, as they can easily be faked b. provide a window into the honest, true feelings of a person c. provide some important information, but are not a key source of information in therapy d. are only useful when the therapist engages in nonverbal behavior
provide a window into the honest, true feelings of a person
24. Helpers should choose goals that are ____. a. ambitious, so as to help the client achieve truly great things b. modest, so that if failure occurs, the client is not devastated c. incremental, so that the client changes in an orderly fashion d. realistic and challenging, to create solutions that are reasonable and likely to promote change
realistic and challenging, to create solutions that are reasonable and likely to promote change
34. Outcome research indicates that within the helping relationship, ____. a. the helping experience should be organized around the client's resources, perceptions, experiences, and ideas b. the helper should regularly make every effort to help the client to see the truth of what is bothering the client c. helping is most successful when the helper helps the client to face difficult or painful feelings d. helping immediately exposes how social and cultural pressures have caused serious difficulties for the client
the helper should regularly make every effort to help the client to see the truth of what is bothering the client
14. The ability to understand how the helper, client, their relationship, and the helping process itself can go wrong is the first step toward managing ________. a. counselor cynicism b. client transference c. the shadow side of helping d. the translator-practitioner syndrome
the shadow side of helping
57. When clients tell their stories, it is important for therapists to _____________. a. think of what could be missing from a client's story b. attend to the content rather than the clients' feelings c. make epistemic judgments to understand the clients d. attend to the clients' feelings rather than the content
think of what could be missing from a client's story
A client tells you the following: "I started my new job and right away, my boss starts giving me a hard time. I bet he is an unhappy and angry person. You know, when he hired me I had a sense he was unhappy. He told me that he was going on a business trip and that I would be unsupervised for the next two weeks." You notice that almost none of this communication has to do with the client. According to Egan, one useful way to think about this communication is ___________. a. to conclude that the client is actually the one who is unhappy and angry b. to wonder about what the client is leaving out of the story c. to conclude that the client has a hard time adjusting to new situations d. to wonder about what the symbolic meaning of "boss" is
to wonder about what the client is leaving out of the story
