Couples/Family Final

First order change is ________ while second order change is _______.

A change within the system without changing the organizing structure and rules of the system; A qualitative shift in the system that changes the rules governing the structure of the system.

Systemic stability or homeostasis is: All choices are correct A term that describes when family systems have a tendency to seek out constancy, even when circumstances change, and the system's current methods of coping are not meeting the needs of individual members or the system itself. A concept rooted in cybernetics. A concept rooted in general systems theory.

All choices are correct

From a psychodynamic perspective, the lifespan development of a couple or family is substantially impacted by the early development of the individuals within the system. As such, which one of the following statements is true? a. All choices are true. b. Hypothetically, if parents are psychologically healthy, the family will be well-adjusted. c. Fragile ego states and negative projections will adversely impact relational dynamics, as well as individual and systemic development. d. If partners bring solid, stable egos into the couple relationship, they are likely to experience minimal interpersonal conflict and enjoy mutual support.

All choices are true.

A coalition is:

An alliance between two family members against a third family member.

Overall, the goal of Narrative Therapy is to:

Bring into the open these internalized narratives, so that they can be replaced with more productive life narratives.

While psychodynamic therapy focused on unconscious thought processes and their impacts on behavior, psychodynamic family therapy took this concept to a higher order, by:

Centering on how these unconscious thought processes impact not only individual behavior but also relational dynamics and dysfunctional family patterns.

Which one of the following couples, marriage, and family theories has had more studies demonstrating the efficacy of its approaches than any other model? a. Psychodynamic family theory b. Bowenian family systems theory c. Cognitive behavioral couples and family theory d. Strategic and Milan systemic theories

Cognitive behavioral couples and family theory

Which of the following is NOT a technique in Gestalt Family Therapy? a. Helping family members identify conflicting needs. b. Helping the family be open and vulnerable with each other. c. Emphasizing the family taking action in order to become healthier. d. Encouraging the family to be unemotional and pragmatic.

Encouraging the family to be unemotional and pragmatic.

Which one of the following is NOT a technique of Structural Family Therapy?

Exploring transference and countertransference

According to Kempler's Gestalt Family Therapy, the following four concepts play various roles in resolving a family's struggle, and the family's progress toward healing: agreement, compromise, giving up, and losing.

False

Diffuse boundaries may also be described as rigid.

False

Failure to fully integrate and resolve associated anxiety directly contributes to disruption of identity development, but strengthens ego strength.

False

Strategic family therapy focuses on the structural boundaries and integrity of the family subsystems. They are more concerned with changing how the family is organized, whereas structural family therapists may work on power struggles and hierarchy, but focus on changing the family interactional processes, patterns, and related functioning.

False

Systems theory frames explanations in terms of parts of the whole, self-organization, relationships, and dichotomy between parts.

False

Traditional Behavioral Couple Therapy emphasizes increasing positive behavior, decreasing negative behavior, and using coercion for behavior change, as well as on providing communication and problem-solving skills training.

False

Working with an individual to help that person develop the boundaries he or she needs to successfully navigate life is a key goal of structural theory.

False

Which one of the following is NOT a major construct of Bowenian family systems theory? a. Emotional cutoff b. Differentiation c. Introjects d. Societal emotional process

Introjects

Which of the following is a true statement about cognitive restructuring? a. It is the identification and modification of partners' automatic thoughts and the use of Socratic questioning to determine evidence for partner attributions about each other and about relationships. b. Cognitive restructuring introduces concepts of mindfulness to change an individual's thinking. c. Therapists working with couples and families who use cognitive structuring pay attention to fundamental central belief structures particularly as they relate to beliefs about areas such as intimate relationships, parenting, children, and self-worth. d. This approach includes substantial emphasis on increasing positive experiences and emotions rather than focusing primarily on decreasing negatives.

It is the identification and modification of partners' automatic thoughts and the use of Socratic questioning to determine evidence for partner attributions about each other and about relationships.

Which one is not a major construct of Cognitive Behavioral Family Therapy? a. Mindfulness b. Reinforcement and punishment c. Contingency contracting . Cognitive distortions

Mindfulness

The five stages of the Milan Systemic Therapy are:

Pre-session, session, intercession, intervention, and post-session.

Which one of the following is NOT a true statement? a. Projection is a form of retroaction. b. Projection is when one person attributes to someone else his or her unacceptable thoughts and feelings. c. Levels of differentiation are affected through generations based on levels of differentiation of partners as they marry. d Parental projection is a major source for the transmission of family anxiety.

Projection is a form of retroaction.

Changing the way family members act as well as their dysfunctional attitudes or beliefs is central to which one of the following approaches?

Second wave approaches

Triangulation is:

The formation of a three-person system, an emotional configuration that is considered the building block of the family systems.

Which one of the following is NOT true about the goals of Symbolic-Experiential Family Therapy? a. The goals are to simultaneously cultivate a sense of belonging among the family members and to also promote the individuality of each family member. b. The goal is also to foster the development of a new family culture that included an increased sense of unity. c. The main goal is to join with the family system to effect change from the inside out. d. Goals are typically set at both the system and the individual levels.

The main goal is to join with the family system to effect change from the inside out.

Theory is important in couples, marriage, and family counseling because:

Theory provides the conceptual framework that explains existing observations in particular contexts and generates hypotheses about new observations.

Which one of the following is NOT a true statement about the role of the counselor within Structural Family Therapy? A primary goal is restructuring the family systems with the aim of developing clear boundaries and dealing with underlying conflicts. Therapists take on a passive and directive role within this model. While the therapist may invite family members to begin exploring new strategies, ultimately, the family itself activates the alternatives that will lead to lasting (second order) change. The structural therapist is active, motivating, and facilitating family interactions within the session.

Therapists take on a passive and directive role within this model.

Which of the following is a descriptor for Carl Whitaker's term "Flight into health?" a. This term describes the ability of two or more family members to engage one another through "crazy" behavior and dialogue was, in Whitaker's view, a primary characteristic of a healthy or functioning family. b. Whitaker would use this term when he engaged a family in verbal play to enhance flexibility in the family behaviors and roles. c. This term describes the tendency for families to terminate therapy prematurely once their anxiety has been reduced. d. This term described Whitaker's belief that a family should be allowed to determine the course of therapy.

This term describes the tendency for families to terminate therapy prematurely once their anxiety has been reduced.

"Battle for structure" was Carl Whitaker's term for his belief that it was important for the therapist to establish authoritative control early in the process.

True

According to Bowen, if a nuclear family emotional system is too emotionally "fused," the systems will become unstable and members will seek various ways to reduce tension and maintain stability. Members may turn to such means as alcohol, drugs, and/or other symptom development.

True

According to structural theory, family structure is made up of persistent patterns of interaction that provide families with both covert and overt rules about how, when, and with whom family members relate.

True

Circular causality suggests that behavior happens in a contextual and cyclical manner.

True

Horizontal relationships are those in which members are equals (e.g., partners, siblings) whereas vertical relationships are those wherein members are not equal and where a power differential exists (e.g., parent-child).

True

In terms of CBC/FT, clinicians give greater or lesser emphasis to variables addressed in theory and practice, depending in part on where he or she falls on a continuum between a more behavioral or more cognitive orientation.

True

Kempler believed four concepts played various roles in resolving a family struggles and giving up is one of those concepts.

True

Narrative Therapy created an avenue through which family therapists who wish to address and integrate issues of social justice into their clinical work are able to do so.

True

One of the critiques of traditional Behavioral Couple Therapy is that research has indicated that longer-term gains achieved during treatment was not sustained by a large portion of couples.

True

One of the roles of the counselor as per the Washington school is focus on the problematic symptom rather than the family.

True

The "diagnosis" of a family system and its problems is heavily influenced by the theoretical perspective of the clinician.

True

The experiential and humanistic approaches to family therapy place a high value on individualism and each family member's capacity for self-actualization.

True

The family as a whole is defined as the primary client, rather than the individual and, as such, the family as a whole is subject to evaluation from the very beginning of the counseling relationship.

True

The parental subsystem can be made up of any adults actively engaged in raising the children in a given family system.

True

Virginia Satir theorized, the complex relationships within a family resemble the world as a whole and viewed the family as a microcosm.

True

______ had concepts of status quo, foreign element, chaos, and transformative idea.

Virginia Satir

The term equifinality means:

When different initial conditions lead to the same final result.