COVID-19 and others 1. Identify the virus responsible for COVID-19

What is flattening the curve?

reducing the effect on the healthcare system

What is genetic drift?

small mutations/minor changes in the virion (Vaccine driver)

What is the influenza subtype that poses the greatest threat for human pandemic and death.

• H5N1 is the one that we worry about the most, • Has the highest mortality rate, 50 time greater than other flus. • Current mortality rates are 50-70% (1918 = ~5%) • Danger is acute respiratory distress/death

What is influenza type that infects multiple animals.

• Infects birds, pigs, and people • Birds = Natural host. • Pigs = Permissive host • Dangerous bird-to-man subtypes • H5N1, H7N3, H7N7

What are the symptoms of measles

• Prodrome • Koplik's spots, • Rash, • Encephalitis • flu-like illness, conjunctivitis, swelling of eyelids, photophobia, high fever (~105°F), hacking cough, rhinitis, and malaise

What is the function of Hemagglutinin?

• facilitates attachment and penetration of virus into host cells • Attaches to sialic acid receptors • RBCs are rich in sialic acid...agglutinated by H

Identify the most common cause of conjunctivitis

Adenovirus

What are the symptoms of the cold

Fever is Rare Mild cough No SOB

What are the symptoms of the Flu

Fever is common Cough is common No SOB

What are the symptoms of Coronavirus?

Fever is common Cough is common Sometimes SOB

Orthomyxoviridae

Influenza A, B, C

Neuraminidase inhibitors

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) Zanamivir (Relenza)

Paramyxoviridae

Parainfluenza, Mumps, Measles, Respiratory synctial virus (RSV)

Explain why aspirin is contraindicated in children with flu-like illness

Reye's Syndrome • Rare and severe complication of viral infections (influenza and varicella) • Characterized by rapid liver failure and encephlopathy • Occurs in children given ASA for viral infection • 30% fatality rate • Presentation • 2-3 weeks post viral infection: ↑ AST and ALT, ↑ PT/INR and PTT clotting times, change in mental status • Give acetaminophen for fever in children, no ASA!

What are the #1 and #2 causes of acute viral rhinitis

Rhinoviruses • 100+ serotypes cause 'common cold' • 40% of infections Coronaviruses • 15% of infections

What is the virus responsible for COVID-19

SARS-CoV-2 = Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

What is genetic shift?

abrupt/major reassortments of segments of animal and human H/N spikes that produce new strains (Pandemic)

What is the function of Neuraminidase

assists the virion in entry and budding (escaping) from the cell • Neuramic acid is component of mucin covering mucosal epithelial cells