CP Computer Science Chapters 1-2 Test
The textbook mentions that "Computers come with different default settings." What does default mean?
"What you get when you do not specify"
In Computer Science, ____ means on and ____ means off.
1; 0
How big was Harvard's Mark-I calculator?
51 feet long and 8 feet tall
What is the ASCII code for capital letter D?
68
How many bits are in a byte?
8
What is a bit?
A binary digit that is either 0 (off) or 1 (on) ( a binary digit is a single light representing a single digit in base-2)
What symbol is usually used to represent "The Internet" in a networking diagram?
A cloud
Describe a High-Level Language.
A language that uses English words as instructions
What does every digit in a base-10 number represent?
A multiple of a power of 10
What is a program?
A sequence of instructions, which enables a computer to perform a desired task
What is a peer-to-peer network?
A small group of computers with a common purpose all connected to each other
What is a server?
A specialty computer that is connected to the LAN for one or more purposes
Who is considered "The Father of Modern Computer Science" and "The Father of Artificial Intelligence"?
Alan Turing
On a Mac, what do you call a link to another file in another location?
Alias
List 3 ways that files in a folder can be sorted.
Alphabetically, oldest to newest, smallest to largest
Grace Hopper's immeasurable contributions to computer science have earned her the nickname "_______________ _______________".
Amazing Grace
What does ASCII stand for?
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
What type of device measures in a continuous fashion?
An analog device
Figure 2.13 shows 3 definitions for hierarchy. Which is most relevant for computer science?
An arrangement or classification of things according to relative importance of inclusiveness
What does computer hardware refer to?
Any physical piece of computer equipment that can be seen or touched
What common term is often used to refer to the application software found on a cell phone?
App
What was the first successful personal computer?
Apple-II computer
LISP is known for being one of the languages specifically designed to help develop _______ _______.
Artificial intelligence
Suppose you have 3 files in a folder named Bank.java, Bank.html, and Bank.jar. Assume filename extensions are disabled. If you open the folder, what would you see?
Bank, Bank, Bank
Blaise Pascal made an adding machine way back in 1642. Why were many people still using a plastic version of this ancient device in the 1970s?
Because a 4-function calculator could cost $150 or more
Why do some people credit Konrad Zuse as the "inventor of the computer?"
Because some people argue that the Z3 (Zuse's invention) was Turing Complete
What is the "exposure equation"?
Bewilderment + Exposure = Obvious
How many transistors can we fit on a tiny microchip today?
Billions
The number system used by computers is the _______ number system or _______.
Binary; base-2
Once World War II started, Enigma became much more complicated and codes were changed daily. What was the name of the improved decryption machine designed by Alan Turing?
Bombe
The CPU is essentially the _______ of the computer.
Brains
What language was created by combining C with OOP?
C++
What secondary storage devices are coded with areas that reflect and absorb laser light?
CDs or DVDs
What does CPU stand for?
Central Processing Unit
Which ASCII codes are used for the standard and extended sets of characters?
Combinations 0 through 127 are used for the standard set of characters. The second group, from 128 through 255, is used for the extended set of characters.
Computer Science is essentially _______________ _______________.
Computer programming
In what 3 areas are computers superior to human beings?
Computers are faster Computers are more accurate Computers do not forget
When a file is clicked in one folder and dragged to another there are 3 possible outcomes. List them.
Copy here, move here, create shortcuts here
The number system that we use is called the _______ number system or _______.
Decimal; base-10
What type of information allows you to make a precise copy of the original?
Digital information
What does programming in Machine Language entail?
Directly manipulating the 1s and 0s of the computer's binary language
Are filename extensions enabled or disabled by default?
Disabled
List 4 examples of internal peripheral devices.
Disk drive CD ROM drive Hard drive Network interface card
On a Mac, the bar with application icons at the bottom of the screen is called the _______.
Dock
What was the first electronic general purpose computer?
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer)
What was the first successful programming language?
FORTRAN
What is data?
Facts and statistics collected together for reference and analysis
What should not be on your Desktop?
Files
Where do files belong?
Folders
Why is Charles Babbage considered "The Father of Computers?"
For creating the first design of a general purpose computer
What language is used by all web browsers?
HTML
IBM's System/360 essentially standardized computer _______________.
Hardware
What was the first personal computer to be taken seriously as a business tool?
IBM P.C.
Where and when was the Abacus invented?
In the Middle Eastern area around 3000 B.C.
List 4 examples of how pre-historic people stored information:
In their heads, stories, legends, songs, carvings, paintings, and totem poles
After the data has been analyzed, and you reach certain conclusions, you now have useful __________ upon which you can make various decisions.
Information
What invention marks the beginning of "The Third Generation of Computers?"
Integrated circuit
Normally, businesses and schools have a series of LANs that all connect into a large network. What is this called?
Intranet
Why is it bad to remove a USB Drive from your computer without properly "ejecting" it first?
It can lead to corrupted files that cannot be opened later
Why was C very popular with professional programmers?
It combined the readability of high-level languages with the power of low-level languages, essentially becoming a "medium-level language"
A loom is a device used to make cloth. What was special about Jacquard's Loom?
It is one of the first examples of programming
Near the end of Lab Experiment #4, after deleting both files from Folder1, you double-click the Temp2 file in Folder2 for the second time. Explain what happens and why.
It is still able to be loaded because it is a copy from Folder1 which was deleted
What does a computer translator do?
It translates a high-level language into low-level machine code
How does an interpreter translate?
It translates one program statement at a time during execution
How does a compiler translate?
It translates the entire program into an executable file before execution
How is Assembly Language a little less tedious that Machine Language?
It used different symbols to represent different 4-bit combinations of 1s and 0s
Refer to the previous question. After that, you double-click the Temp3 -shortcut/alias file in Folder2 for the second time. Explain what happens and why.
It was unable to load because it was as shortcut to the file in Folder1, which was deleted
What is the first Platform Independent language?
Java
What does LAN stand for?
Local Area Networks
What coding machine was used by the Nazis in the 1940s which was even more complicated than the Enigma machine?
Lorenz SZ-40 Cypher
Refer to your answer to the previous question. What was the first operating system for this computer and which company made it?
MS-DOS by Microsoft
What was required to simply enter numbers into the Mark-I calculator?
Manipulating its 1,440 switches
What computer stopped working on September 9, 1947 when a moth got stuck in one of its relays?
Mark-II
FORTRAN was designed for which groups of people?
Mathematicians, scientists and engineers (for number crunching)
List 4 examples of external peripheral devices.
Monitor Printer Keyboard Scanner
What is the main board in a computer, with all the primary computer components, called?
Motherboard
Are computers more intelligent than human beings?
No
Can an iPad or a ChromeBook be used effectively in a computer science class?
No
Do computers have any creativity?
No
Is Computer Science the same thing as Computer Literacy or Computer Applications?
No
Is an iPad or a ChromeBook a full-fledged computer?
No
What does OOP stand for?
Object Oriented Programming
This information on a computer can be in many formats. List 5 examples.
Picture files, audio clips, programs, spreadsheet files, and text documents
Which country first "Broke Enigma" in 1932?
Poland
What powerful language was designed to be simple, like BASIC, but less "wordy" than Pascal?
Python
What kind of chip stores temporary information for the computer?
RAM chips
What kind of chip stores permanent information for the computer?
ROM chips
What does RAM stand for?
Random Access Memory
What does ROM stand for?
Read Only Memory
What was required to program the ENIAC?
Rewiring the machine
What is Sneaker Net?
Running around to share computer information
The slide rule was used for centuries. What 1970s invention finally replaced it?
Scientific calculator
What would cause 2 identical computers with identical operating systems to behave differently?
Settings are different, even though the computers are the same make and model, and have the same operating system
Why is Countess Ada Byron considered "The Mother of Programming?"
She developed certain programming ideas and techniques that are still used in programming languages today
Morse code is based on a series of _______ and _______ signals.
Short; long
On a Windows PC, what do you call a link to another file in another location?
Shortcut
Wireless connections are convenient, but there are some problems. List 2 of them.
Signals are not always reliable Security issues (easier to be hacked)
What are computer chips made out of?
Silicon
ASCII uses ____ byte to store one character and with that there are _______ possible characters.
Single; 256
List 2 human errors that can cause a computer to give erroneous information.
Sloppy data entry Improper environments for computers and diskettes and no sensible backup system
What is a fact?
Something that is indisputably the case
As of 2017, what is the fastest computer in the world?
Sunway TiahuLight Computer
What are the 2 most common applications for a computer?
System software and application software
On a Windows PC, the bar with application icons at the bottom of the screen is called the _______.
Taskbar
Which stores more information, gigabytes or terabytes?
Terabytes
What was the first commercially successful computer with the mouse/GUI technology?
The "Mac"
The Internet came about during what period in our history?
The Cold War
Refer to your answer to the previous question. What computer was used by British code breakers to help decrypt the secret coded messages from this device (the one used by the Nazis in the 1940s which was even more complicated than the Enigma machine)?
The Colossus computer
The 1880 Census took 8 years to complete. The US Government was very concerned that the 1890 Census would not be completed by 1900. What did Herman Hollerith invent to solve this problem?
The Tabulating Machine
COBOL was designed for which group of people?
The business community
What do the Turing Machine and the Von Neumann Architecture have in common?
The computer stores both the program's instructions and its data in RAM
What 2 things is the Compaq known for?
The first portable computer The first computer to be 100% compatible with an IBM PC
What does application software refer to?
The instructions that the computer requires to do something specific for you
What does system software refer to?
The instructions that the computer requires to operate properly
In terms of programming, what is the difference between a user and a provider.
The program (computer application / cell phone app) or webpage that makes the data available is the provider of the information whereas anybody who accesses data, in any of its many forms, is a user of the information.
In terms of the Internet, what is the difference between a user and a provider.
The program (computer application / cell phone app) or webpage that makes the data available is the provider of the information whereas anybody who accesses data, in any of its many forms, is a user of the information.
What does computer software refer to?
The set of computer instructions which make the computer perform a specific task
According to the author, what is one of the most important elements of learning in a classroom?
The student-teacher relationship
Why are Machine Code and Assembly Language considered "low-level languages?"
They function at, or very close to, the level of 1s and 0s
What is the most important aspect of this course?
To learn how to give correct and logical instructions to a computer with the help of a programming language
What invention marks the beginning of "The Second Generation of Computers?"
Transistors
A computer is _______________ _______________ if it can solve any computational problem provided memory and execution time are not issues.
Turing Complete
The secret of Morse code is the fact that electricity can be ______ ___, and it can be ______ ___.
Turned on; turned off
Unicode uses ____ bytes to store one character and with that there are _______ possible characters.
Two; 65,536
What was the first commercially available computer?
UNIVAC I (UNIVersal Automatic Computer)
What invention marks the beginning of "The First Generation of Computers?"
Vacuum tubes
Describe a Very-High-Level Language.
Where you program with pictures instead of words (ex: Lego NXT)
List 3 major operating systems.
Windows UNIX Linux
What company developed mouse technology?
Xerox Corporation
Is it possible to count in other bases besides base-10?
Yes
Using dots and dashes, write your first name in Morse code.
_ . _ _ . _ .... . . _ . .. _ . .