CPR

What are some things to keep in mind about wearing gloves when giving first aid care?

- Avoid touching other surfaces. - Wash your hands after taking off your gloves.

The risk of infection, when giving first aid care is low. Using what reduces your risk even further?

- latex free disposable gloves - face shield - pocket mask

When giving high-quality CPR, you should give compressions at a rate of which of the following per minute?

100-120

When drowning is the suspected cause of cardiac arrest, the responder should deliver how many initial breaths before starting CPR?

2

What signs and symptoms of poison exposure are not life-threatening?

Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

What's NOT a general care step you should take when assisting a person with their medication?

Administer the medication and monitor the person until EMS arrives

You are giving CPR to a 14 yr old in cardiac arrest. You know to follow techniques and use equipment for which of the following age groups?

Adult

A person falls and hits their head. You make sure the scene is safe and approach them to help. They appear responsive, but it looks like something might be wrong with them. You obtain consent and continue checking them. They tell you they feel dizzy, their head is pounding, and they're nauseous. They likely have a concussion. After calling 911 what should you do?

Advise them to stop any activity and have them rest without moving Give care for other injuries that might be present Maintain their body temperature

When there are two or more trained responders, one person will give CPR while the other person sets up the AED. When will the responders switch roles?

After pushing the shock button After the AED says that no shock is advised

What is it important to do between giving the first and second breath?

All the chest to falls and the air to exit

If the chest does not rise on the first breath, and you reopen the airway and give a second breath and the chest still does not rise, what might be a reason?

An object might be blocking the airway

What would be the best thing to do if applying a tourniquet did not stop the person's bleeding?

Apply a second tourniquet, between the first tourniquet and the heart

A first aid responder is applying direct pressure to a person with a life-threatening bleeding on the lower leg. A bystander has returned with a bleeding control kit. What should the responder do next?

Apply a tourniquet immediately.

A 14 month old toddler has life-threatening bleeding from a wound on her upper arm. After calling 911, what's the appropriate care for this child?

Apply direct pressure to stop the bleeding

You are working at an outdoor cafe on a hot summer day. Suddenly you hear a commotion at a nearby table. You make sure the scene is safe. As you approach the person you notice they appear responsive, but they are having trouble breathing. What sudden illnesses are you most likely to suspect?

Asthma Anaphylaxis Heart attack

When giving high-quality CPR to an adult, you should give compressions at a depth of which of the following?

At least 2 inches

How long should you wash your hands when using soap and water?

At least 20 seconds

When giving back blows, where on the choking person's back should the responder give back blows?

Between the shoulder blades

Your co-worker fell off a tall ladder and hit their head quite hard. You can see they have a large lump and they are bleeding a lot. You suspect a potentially life-threatening injury. You tell them you are trained in first aid and want to help them. They tell you, no; that they are fine and it is no big deal. What should you do?

Call 9-1-1 or tell someone to do so

A young child burns their hand and wrist on a campfire at a remote mountain campsite. They scream. You check to make sure the scene if safe and obtain consent from their parent. You notice that a large portion of their skin is white, and blisters are already formed. Which actions should you take?

Call 911 or tell someone to do so Cool the burn under clean, cool, running water for at least 10 minutes, ideally 20 Cover the burn loosely with a sterile dressing

Where on the child's chest should the first aid responder position their hands to give compressions?

Centered on the chest

You are working in a senior center when you hear a thud and someone yells out that a man has collapsed. The scene is safe, but the man appears unresponsive. What should you do next?

Check for responsiveness by using the shout-tap-shout sequence while checking for breathing, life-threatening bleeding and other life-threatening conditions.

You hear a scream and some loud noises coming from a few feet away in the crowded school playground. As you walk quickly across the playground, you tell yourself to do what first?

Check the scene for safety

You have been applying direct pressure to a wound on the person's lower back for several minutes, but the bleeding hasn't stopped, and EMS hasn't arrived. What should you do?

Continue applying direct pressure

What types of blood flow are life-threatening?

Continuous and spurting

Vomiting and diarrhea in young children and infants can lead to...

Dehydration Shock

Which of the following are the appropriate depth and rate to use when giving chest compressions to an infant?

Depth about 1 1/2 inches Rate 100 to 120 per minute

What's the appropriate depth and rate to use when giving chest compressions to a child?

Depth of about 2 inches Rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute

What are some examples of life-threatening sudden illnesses?

Diabetic emergency Anaphylaxis

During your interview of the person using SAM, they told you that they have a lot of pain in their left arm and that it is throbbing. What should you do next?

Do a focused check of their left arm.

Cardiac arrest is often due to a blockage of the blood vessels supplying oxygen to the heart muscle (heart attack). However, it can also occur due to the effects of which of the following?

Drowning Breathing emergency Trauma

When giving CPR to an infant, what techniques may be used to give compressions?

Encircling thumbs technique Two-finger technique One-hand technique

What should you do if a choking person is coughing forcefully?

Encourage them to keep coughing

T/F: After encouraging the coughing choking person to keep coughing, it is fine to leave them.

FALSE

T/F: If a person is responsive and fully awake, you should place them in a recovery position while you wait for EMS to arrive and begin their care of the person?

FALSE

T/F: Sinus infections are a common cause of cardiac arrest in children and infants.

FALSE

T/F: You are using an AED on an 82 yr old woman in cardiac arrest. She is frail and only weighs about 105 lbs, so you should use per district AED pads.

FALSE

T/F: You have just given a shock to a person in cardiac arrest. You should check to see if the person is breathing before starting CPR again.

FALSE

What are some signs and symptoms of a stroke?

Facial weakness Arm or grip weakness Speech disturbances

T/F: If you are unable or unwilling for any reason to perform full CPR, give continuous breaths at a rate of 10 to 12 per minute.

False

T/F: The person tripped over a rock while hiking, fell and cut their leg. There is a slow trickle of blood from the cut on the person's leg. This is life-threatening bleeding.

False

If the responsive choking person becomes unresponsive, what care should you give?

Give CPR (give compressions, look for object, give breaths).

A choking adult is unable to speak or cough forcefully. Your partner is calling 911. What should you do now?

Give cycles of 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts

What's the best thing to use when applying direct pressure to control life threatening bleeding?

Hemostatic dressing

If the person with a suspected opioid overdose is unresponsive and not breathing (cardiac arrest), which care step should you do first?

Immediately begin CPR

You are giving CPR to a 5-month-old in cardiac arrest. You know to follow techniques and use equipment for which of the following age groups?

Infant

When giving abdominal thrusts, where ok the choking person's abdomen should the responder place their hands?

Just above the navel

When giving back blows and abdominal thrusts to a small child, you may need to...

Kneel behind the child

When you ask someone to call 911 for you in an emergency situation, what communication techniques/instructions should you use?

Look directly at one person Say, "You call 911"

What's most important to determine before giving sugar by mouth to the person experiencing a diabetic emergency?

MAKE SURE... The person's awake They can follow simple commands They can chew and swallow

You are placing pediatric AED pads on a 7 month old infant. What's the correct pad placement?

Middle of the chest and on the back, in between the should blades

When giving breaths to an infant with a face shield, you should cover which body parts of the infant with your mouth?

Mouth and nose

Before giving breaths to the infant, you should open their airway using the head-tilt/chin-lift technique to which position?

Neutral

You are working a shift at the local farmer's market when you recognize that a 10 yr old shopping with their parent is choking. You check the scene for a after and approach the child. What do you need to do at this point?

Obtain consent from the parent (who is present) because the person is a minor

Where on a person's are should a tourniquet be applied?

On the forearm, about 2 to 3 inches above the wound between the wound and the heart

Where should you place adult AED pads?

On the upper, right chest and on the lower left ribs

You are giving CPR to an 8 yr old in cardiac arrest. You know that for CPR, a child is someone considered from the age of 1yr to ...

Onset of puberty

Before giving breaths to the adult, you should open their airway using the head-tilt/chin-lift technique to which position?

Past-neutral

What's a sign or symptom of a heart attack?

Persistent chest pain

You are placing adult AED pads on a 3 yr old child. When placing them on the chest, you notice that the pads are touching. What should you do?

Place one pad in the middle of the chest and one on the back, between the should blades

You may need to give chest thrusts if the person is...

Pregnant Too large for you to reach around In a wheelchair and abdominal thrusts cannot be performed

When applying direct pressure, it's important to do which of the following?

Press hard Press directly over the wound

The three important steps when applying a windlass rod tourniquet are...

Pull Twist Clip

When giving chest compressions, the goal is to...

Push hard and fast

You have a first aid kit and are about to give care to a coworker who is unresponsive and not breathing. After calling 911 and getting equipment, what should you do before giving care, if possible?

Put on latex-free disposable gloves

You are using a tourniquet to control life-threatening bleeding when the injured person cries out in pain. What should you do?

Reassure the person but continue to tighten the tourniquet until the bleeding stops or you cannot tighten it anymore.

You have obtained consent and are checking a responsive person. You know you need to interview them first using SAM. What does SAM stand for?

S.igns and symptoms A.llergies M.medications and medical conditions

If there is a girl laying in the street next to a bike, that seems to have crashed into a car, what might suggest it's an emergency situation?

She appears unresponsive and is laying on the ground The person is bleeding

Which giving compressions, how should the first aid responder position their body and arms?

Shoulders directly over the hands and elbows locked

Before giving breaths to the child, you should open their airway using the head-tilt/chin-lift technique to which position?

Slightly past-neutral

After recognizing that a person is in cardiac arrest (unresponsive and not breathing), you call 911 and send someone to get an AED. What is your next step?

Start CPR by giving chest compressions and breaths

T/F: Shock is a common cause of cardiac arrest in children and infants.

TRUE

T/F: Signs and symptoms of heat stroke include absence of sweating, exhaustion and confusion.

TRUE

T/F: You are caring for a person experiencing an asthma attack. You have helped them administer their quick-relief medication via inhaler. Ten minutes later, they are still having trouble breathing and EMS hasn't arrived yet. You should help the person administer a second dose of the medication.

TRUE

T/F: You are using an AED and an older adult in cardiac arrest. They were wearing a sweatshirt. You need to remove the sweatshirt before you place the pads on the chest.

TRUE

T/F: You're caring for a person with life-threatening bleeding. You have applied a tourniquet and are waiting for EMS. The person becomes confused and irritable. You notice their skin is very pale and feels moist. They complain that their heart is racing. The person is likely experiencing shock.

TRUE

T/F: when giving CPR to a person and waiting for EMS personnel to arrive, a bystander tells you to stop, saying, "it's no use, and that looks hard." You continue because you know that is not a reason to stop CPR.

TRUE

When giving breaths during high-quality CPR, each breath should last about 1 second and make what happen?

The chest begin to rise

When is it important to consult a health care provider if a young child or infant has a fever?

The infant is younger than 3mons and have a fever of 100.4 F or more The child or infant has a febrile seizure The fever is associated with change in behavior or activity

You obtain consent, call 911 and continue checking a response person who is having trouble breathing. The persons lips are swelling and they are scratching a bee sting on their arm. You notice a medical alert bracelet and they nod their head when you ask if they have an allergy. What do you suspect is wrong with the person and what care should you give?

The person is experiencing anaphylaxis. Assist them with administering epinephrine via an auto-injector

Signs that indicate a person is choking may include...

The person looks surprised The persons coughing The person is making high-pitched squeaking noises

A person who is responsive and breathing but not fully awake should be placed in a recovery position for what?

To lower their risk for choking and aspiration

T/F: A person who just completed a marathon on a windy, 54 degrees F day is at risk for hypothermia.

True

T/F: In a small child or an infant, bleeding may be life-threatening when the amount of blood loss is less than about half of what a soda can obtains.

True

What would lead you to suspect a person is in cardiac arrest?

Unresponsive Not breathing or only gasping

You're placing adult AED pads on a 10 yr old child. What's the correct placement?

Upper right side of the chest, lower left side of the chest a few inches below the armpit

If more than one responder I'd available and trained in CPR, when should the responders switch?

When the original responder is tiring After every 5 cycles of CPR About every 2 minutes

The person cut their arm while working on a job site. Blood is flowing steadily from the person's wound and pooling on the ground. Is this life-threatening?

Yes

Why is it important for you, the first aid responder, to as lmk questions using SAM and do a focused check of the responsive person?

You may be able to gather information that others may not be able to gather later As time passes, the person may be less able to say things It can help you to determine what care they may need

A child was running around the house and crashed into a full-length mirror, breaking the glass. You see that she has a wound on the back of her head and there is blood flowing steadily from it and starting to pool on the ground. After calling 9-1-1, what should you do?

apply direct pressure

When giving high-quality CPR, you should minimize necessary interruptions in chest compressions to less than how many seconds?

less than 10 seconds

What is your risk of catching a disease when giving first aid care?

low risk