CPR and AED
Checking for life threatening conditions
Check for breathing, bleeding, responsiveness, and agonal breathing
How do you know if a person has a concussion?
Headache or "pressure" in head. Nausea or vomiting. Balance problems or dizziness, or double or blurry vision. Bothered by light or noise
How can you help someone having an asthma attack?
Help the person with their inhaler/medications and repeat after 15 minutes if necessary
How do you know if you should start CPR with compressions or breaths first?
Normally: start with 30 chest compressions and then the two breaths If the person is suspect of drowning: start with two rescue breaths before commencing cpr
When can you give chest compressions with one hand?
One handed technique can be used for children under 8
Where should you place AED pads on an infant?
One on the chest and one on the back
Where should you place AED pads on an adult or child over 8 years old?
One on the right side of the chest below the collar bone and one on the lower left side
How should your body position be when giving chest compressions?
Place the heel of one hand on the breastbone, place the heel of your other hand on top of the first hand. Position your body directly over your hands. Give 30 chest compressions.
Where should your fist be to give abdominal thrusts to a choking, responsive adult?
Place your arms around their waist and bend them forward. Clench 1 fist and place it right above their belly button. Put the other hand on top of your fist and pull sharply inwards and upwards. Repeat this movement up to 5 times.
If your first breath doesn't go in, what should you do?
So if air doesn't go in on the first try, tilt the head down and back up again, then try another rescue breath
What should you do if a victim is not responsive and not breathing?
Start cpr!!!
What should you do when the AED is analyzing?
When the AED is analyzing and may produce a shock, stay back and announce "Everyone clear!"
How do you care for an infant who is responsive and choking?
5 back blows and 5 chest thrusts 1 1/2 inches deep, constantly holding the infant. Make sure the head is lower than the chest
How can you help someone who is having a heart attack?
Give the person aspirin if they are able to chew and swallow
At what rate should you give compressions?
100-120 per minute- at least one every half second
How deep should your compressions be for an adult?
2 inches (at least)
Where should you place the tourniquet?
2 to 3 inches above the wound and between the wound and the heart
What is the cycle for compressions and breaths?
30 chest compressions, two one second breaths
What surface should a victim be laying on for chest compressions?
A hard, flat surface
How deep should your compressions be for an infant?
About 1 1/2 inches deep
Should you give CPR to a victim that you suspect has agonal breathing?
Agonal breathing is common in the first few minutes after a sudden cardiac arrest (when the heart stops beating). Agonal breathing is sudden, irregular gasps of breath. This shouldn't be mistaken for normal breathing and CPR should be given straight away.
What is anaphylaxis and how can you help a person experiencing it?
Anaphylaxis is a potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. You can hold their leg still as they administer epipen and massage their leg 10 seconds after. Repeat 5 to 10 minutes later if needed.
How do you care for life threatening bleeding from the neck?
Apply direct pressure and DO NOT use a tourniquet
How do you use direct pressure for life threatening bleeding?
Apply hard pressure on the wound with gauze to promote clotting and hopefully slow/stop the bleeding
How often should you switch roles when there are two or more trained responders giving CPR and using an AED?
Around every 2 minutes/5 cycles
How can early CPR and early defibrillation help a victim in cardiac arrest?
CPR keeps enough oxygen in the lungs and gets it to the brain until the normal heart rhythm is restored with an electric shock to the chest (defibrillation). It doubles to triples the chance of survival.
How do you treat a burn?
Cool under cool, clean water and leave uncovered or covered with something sterile
How do you care for a victim who is unresponsive and choking?
Do 30 chest compressions and then look in their mouth- if something is there, do a finger sweep, if not, do two breaths and then continue with chest compressions
Where should your fingers be to give chest thrusts to a choking, responsive child?
Fingers should be below the nipple line
How can you help a choking, responsive person who is too large for you to give abdominal thrusts?
If abdominal thrusts are not an option, do chest thrusts instead.
How soon should you use an AED?
If the person is not breathing and has no pulse or has an irregular heartbeat, prepare to use the AED as soon as possible
When do you need consent and what do you do if you don't get it
If the victim is responsive, ask for consent. You must always ask a parent for consent if it is a child. If consent is refused, call 911 and wait for ems to arrive
How can you modify back blows and abdominal thrusts to a responsive, choking child who is small?
If unable, do chest thrusts, and if it is a baby you can hold them head facing down while doing it. You can kneel while delivering the blows if the child is short.
What would you administer to a person that you suspect has overdosed on opioids?
If unresponsive: immediately begin CPR! If responsive: administer naloxone to temporarily counteract the symptoms
If you are unable or unwilling to give full CPR (compressions and breaths), what can you do?
If you are unable or unwilling for any reason to perform full CPR (with rescue breaths), give continuous chest compressions (hands only CPR) after calling 9-1-1 or the local emergency number
How do you care for a person who is experiencing heat stroke?
Immerse the person in cold water, apply ice packs, cool cloth, or have them take a cold shower.
What should you do to help a person with a suspected head, neck or spinal injury while you wait for EMS?
Keep them in the same position, maintain their body temperature, and reassure them
Between sets of compressions, what is the longest time that should elapse?
Less than 10 seconds break between compressions
What should you do after you turn the AED on?
Make sure pads are attached, analyze the person, deliver shock if necessary
What should you do if the pads risk touching each other on a victim?
Put one pad on the front of the body and one on the back
How do you give back blows to a responsive adult?
Put your foot in between their legs, have them bend down, administer the back blows using the heel of your hand
What does SAM stand for?
Signs and symptoms, allergies, medications and medical conditions
How far should you open the airway for an adult/infant
Tilt the head past neutral for an adult, keep it neutral for an infant
Why should you pause between the two breaths during CPR?
To let the chest fall
When should you use a tourniquet?
Tourniquets should be used when the bleeding cannot be stopped by the use of direct pressure alone, or if direct pressure cannot be effectively applied for any reason.
What techniques can you use to give chest compressions to an infant?
Two finger technique, top of your hand
How can you lower your risk for infection when giving breaths during CPR?
Use barrier equipment if available
What size victims can you use adult AED pads?
Victims about 8 or older
How can you tell if bleeding is life threatening?
Volume (amount) and flow (movement)
How can we lower the risk of infection when providing care?
Washing your hands and using ppe
How deep should your compressions be for a child?
about 2 inches deep
How long should a breath last?
about one second
When using both an AED and CPR, when should you stop CPR?
emergency help arrives and takes over. the person starts showing signs of life and starts to breathe normally. you are too exhausted to continue
Check-Call-Care
steps followed in any emergency situation. Check the scene and victim, call 911/local EMS, and care for victim until help arrives.