CPTR 424 Review 1
105. The software that controls the database is called the A. DBMS B. DBA C. file controller D. MIS
A. DBMS
9. All of the following are record-based models EXCEPT A. E-R B. relational C. network D. hierarchical
A. E-R
40. In dynamic SQL, the command to parse and compile a host-language string containing an SQL command is A. PREPARE B. EXECUTE C. COMPILE D. UPDATE
A. PREPARE
45. In the E-R model, a relationship among three entity sets is described as A. unary B. binary C. ternary D. many-valued
C. ternary
42. In mapping a relationship to a relational schema, which of the following always requires a separate table? A. a many-to-many relationship B. a weak relationship C. a recursive relationship D. a one-to-many relationship
A. a many-to-many relationship
5. A subschema is the same as A. an external schema B. a logical schema C. an internal schema D. a virtual schema
A. an external schema
102. The relation schema shows the table name for each relation and column headings for each of its _______. A. attributes B. unions C. entities D. subsets
A. attributes
54. In the E-R model, the defining properties or qualities of an entity are called A. attributes B. members C. fields D. objects
A. attributes
19. Database users who enter their own queries are called A. casual users B. naive users C. programmers D. DBAs
A. casual users
44. In the E-R model, a key that consists of more than one attribute is described as A. composite B. derived C. a superkey D. a foreign key
A. composite
49. In the E-R model, an attribute that can be broken down into smaller attributes is called A. composite B. derived C. null D. a superattribute
A. composite
65. In the ER model, an attribute such as Address that can be broken up into smaller elements is said to be A. composite B. multi-valued C. normalized D. derived
A. composite
133. Which type of relational table constraint cannot be specified as a column-level constraint? A. composite primary key B. uniqueness C. check D. default
A. composite primary key
112. The _______ model extends the E-R model to allow various types of abstraction to be included and to express constraints more clearly. A. extended entity-relationship B. recursive C. relational D. enterprise
A. extended entity-relationship
129. Which of the following models was a predecessor of the relational model? A. hierarchical B. semi-structured C. object-oriented D. functional
A. hierarchical
17. Data that has been processed for decision-making is called A. information B. a miniworld C. operational data D. metadata
A. information
38. In an EE-R diagram, the specialization circle is sometimes called a(n) A. isa relationship symbol B. aggregation symbol C. subset symbol D. object symbol
A. isa relationship symbol
100. The phase in which the conceptual model is mapped to the DBMS is the development of the A. logical model B. physical model C. prototype D. internal model
A. logical model
92. The data storage technology used in the 1890 census was A. punched cards B. punched paper tape C. magnetic tape D. MICR
A. punched cards
111. The symbol that represents an entity in an E-R diagram is a(n) A. rectangle B. oval C. diamond D. triangle
A. rectangle
117. When an entity set is related to itself, we have a _______ relationship. A. recursive B. optional C. mandatory D. extended
A. recursive
57. In the E-R model, when an entity set is related to itself, we call the relationship A. recursive B. dominant C. role-defined D. weak
A. recursive
73. In the relational model, which of the following operations is performed on a single table? A. select B. natural join C. product D. union
A. select
132. Which of the following types of attributes can be represented directly as a column in a relational model? A. single-valued, non-composite B. multiple-valued, non-composite C. derived, single-valued D. composite, single-valued
A. single-valued, non-composite
78. On an E-R diagram, the primary key of an entity is indicated by A. underlining B. italics C. bold font D. a double oval
A. underlining
31. In a JDBC application, query results can be returned using an object of which class? A. the DatabaseConnection class B. the ResultSet class C. the QueryObject class D. the GetConnection class
B. the ResultSet class
41. In embedded SQL, the tuple at which a cursor is positioned is referred to as A. the current of the table B. the current of the cursor C. the cursor position D. the user string
B. the current of the cursor
52. In the E-R model, if every member of an entity set must participate in a relationship, the participation is described as A. complete B. total C. partial D. constrained
B. total
10. All of the following are SQL DDL commands except A. CREATE TABLE B. DROP INDEX C. ADD TABLE D. ALTER TABLE
C. ADD TABLE
75. Most relational DBMSs use what structure to store indexes? A. linked lists B. hashed files C. B trees or B+ trees D. red-black trees
C. B trees or B+ trees
15. An SQL index specification that causes records with the same values on the indexed field to be stored close together is A. NOT NULL B. UNIQUE C. CLUSTER D. DISTINCT
C. CLUSTER
107. The SQL command to advance a cursor to obtain the next row of results is A. NEXT B. ADVANCE C. FETCH D. SCROLL
C. FETCH
108. The SQL option HAVING can only be used with the option A. ORDER BY B. DISTINCT C. GROUP BY D. LIKE
C. GROUP BY
130. Which of the following statements about mapping a union in an EE-R diagram to a relational schema is true? A. It is not possible to represent a union in a relational schema B. A surrogate key is always required C. The union can be represented as a table, with additional tables for the supersets D. The union can be represented using a single table can be includes all the supersets
C. The union can be represented as a table, with additional tables for the supersets
114. To find rows of the Employee table that have no value for rating, use the SQL predicate A. WHERE RATING =' ' B. WHERE RATING = 0 C. WHERE RATING IS NULL D. WHERE RATING = NULL
C. WHERE RATING IS NULL
83. Since the result of an SQL SELECT statement can have duplicates, the result is referred to as A. a table B. a set C. a multi-set D. a relation
C. a multi-set
47. In the E-R model, a weak entity requires the presence of another entity that is depends on, referred to as A. an independent entity B. a dependent entity C. a strong entity D. a composite entity
C. a strong entity
101. The problem caused by the difference between the set-oriented SQL SELECT statement and the host language record-at-a-time capabilities is referred to as A. a dynamic variation B. a type mismatch C. an impedance mismatch D. a typecast
C. an impedance mismatch
123. Which of the following is an example of data rather than information? A. a student grade report B. an alphabetical class roster C. an unordered list of grades for a test D. a faculty schedule
C. an unordered list of grades for a test
109. The standard components of ODBC/JDBC architecture are A. driver manager, driver, database, server B. application, driver manager, driver, view C. application, driver manager, driver, data source D. driver manager, driver, database, user
C. application, driver manager, driver, data source
46. In the E-R model, a superkey in which all the attributes are necessary for uniqueness is called a A. foreign key B. composite key C. candidate key D. alternate key
C. candidate key
53. In the E-R model, if the value of an attribute is determined by a calculation on the value of another attribute in a relation, we call the first attribute A. weak B. strong C. derived D. null
C. derived
62. In the EE-R model, if entity instances cannot belong to more than one subclass, we say the subclasses are A. complete B. partial C. disjoint D. total
C. disjoint
56. In the E-R model, what symbol is used to represent an attribute that can have multiple values for an entity instance? A. dashed oval B. solid oval C. double oval D. oval with smaller ovals attached to it
C. double oval
106. The SQL ALTER TABLE command can be used to do all of the following except A. add new columns B. drop columns C. drop the table D. add a constraint
C. drop the table
24. If A has 20 rows and B has 30 rows, the number of rows in their product A. equals 50 B. depends on how many rows of A match rows of B on a common column C. equals 600 D. equals 20
C. equals 600
71. In the relational model, the table in which a foreign key appears as the primary key is called its A. root relation B. child relation C. home relation D. foreign relation
C. home relation
119. Which of the following activities is performed during the conceptual model design phase? A. evaluating alternative DBMSs B. planning layout of data C. identifying entities, attributes, and relationships D. doing system tuning
C. identifying entities, attributes, and relationships
14. An important advantage of the relational model compared to earlier database models was that A. it was more efficient B. it used familiar file systems C. it provided data independence D. it was cheaper
C. it provided data independence
97. The middle level of the three-level database architecture, containing the entire information structure as seen by the DBA is the A. external B. internal C. logical D. physical
C. logical
8. All of the following are potential advantages of using a database EXCEPT A. control of redundancy B. improved data integrity C. lower cost D. better data consistency
C. lower cost
131. Which of the following storage technologies first offered direct access to stored records? A. paper tape B. magnetic tape C. magnetic disk D. punched cards
C. magnetic disk
120. Which of the following cannot be done using just a PROJECT operator in the relational model A. eliminating duplicate values B. operating on more than one column C. picking out target rows D. picking out a vertical subset of a table
C. picking out target rows
50. In the E-R model, connections or interactions between entities are called A. attributes B. links C. relationships D. tuples
C. relationships
36. In an E-R diagram, the function that each entity has in a relationship is called its A. context B. participation C. role D. constraint
C. role
122. Which of the following is an advantage of a database compared to a file processing system? A. fast processing of sequential data B. lower cost C. sharing of data D. simpler recovery
C. sharing of data
33. In a university, students can get at most one parking permit for one car. Not every student has a car. No car is allowed on campus without a parking permit. In the E-R model, the participation constraint for car in the relationship to student is A. partial B. total C. strong D. many
C. strong
90. The customary way to indicate a primary key in a relation schema is to A. make it bold B. use italics C. underline it D. use an arrow
C. underline it
72. In the relational model, the type of time in a temporal relation that corresponds to the time that events occur in the real world is called A. system time B. correct time C. user valid time D. transaction time
C. user valid time
138. Some DBMSs allow an optional ___________ specification for only one index for each table. With this option, the system will store records in physical order by the values of the indexed field.
CLUSTER
141. The SQL command to create a table is _______.
CREATE TABLE
139. The number of rows in a table, called the __________ of the relation, changes as new tuples are added or old ones are deleted.
Cardinality
134. A __________________ of two sets, written D1 X D2, is the set of all ordered pairs such that the first element is a member of D1 and the second element is a member of D2.
Cartesian product
39. In an EE-R diagram, the symbol placed on the line connecting a subclass to the specialization circle is a(n) A. triangle B. set membership symbol C. aggregation symbol D. inheritance symbol
D. inheritance symbol
28. In a bank, if we assume that savings accounts can be jointly owned by two or more customers, and that a customer can have more than one savings accounts, the relationship between the savings accounts entity set and the customer entity set is A. one-to-one B. one-to-many C. many-to-one D. many-to-many
D. many-to-many
7. All of the following are examples of data standards EXCEPT A. data naming conventions B. update procedures C. documentation rules D. query optimization
D. query optimization
94. The E-R model is classified as A. external B. hierarchical C. seminal D. semantic
D. semantic
104. The repository of information about the logical structure of the database is called the A. universe of discourse B. miniworld C. user view D. system catalog
D. system catalog
110. The standard three-level database architecture was proposed by A. IBM B. the W3C committee C. Chen D. the CODASYL DBTG
D. the CODASYL DBTG
98. The organization for which the database is designed is referred to as A. the universe of discourse B. the metadata C. the entity D. the enterprise
D. the enterprise
142. _______ are persons, places, events, objects, or concepts about which data is collected.
Entities
143. A semi-structured database must be described in an XML schema.
FALSE
149. An ER diagram is used to represent the physical model of a database
FALSE
150. Batch processing requires a direct access storage device.
FALSE
151. CREATE TABLE is one of the most important SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) commands.
FALSE
156. In the object-oriented data model, encapsulation refers to the fact that objects remain in existence even after an application program terminates.
FALSE
160. Like a shared subset, an instance of a union inherits attributes from all the supersets.
FALSE
162. NoSQL systems do not permit the use of SQL in the user interface.
FALSE
163. Once a database schema is created, it cannot be changed.
FALSE
164. Relation schemas are represented by giving the name of each relation, followed by the attribute names in parentheses, with the foreign key underlined.
FALSE
165. Repetition of data should never be allowed in a database.
FALSE
167. The Hadoop Distributed File System divides data into blocks, each of which is assigned to only one cluster.
FALSE
168. The hierarchical model is usually categorized as a semantic model.
FALSE
169. The most important development in the database field during the past decade is the development of relational databases.
FALSE
170. The recognition of data as a corporate resource is not important in developing an integrated database environment.
FALSE
173. To prevent errors, database users are never allowed to access the database simultaneously.
FALSE
174. UML was originally created as a tool for database modeling.
FALSE
177. When designing an E-R diagram, you should consult with potential users of the database.
FALSE
178. Writing the code for creating a database structure is normally the responsibility of application programmers.
FALSE
136. Relational database management systems support the standard _______ architecture for databases.
Three-level
137. Relational views can be either windows or __________ tables, not permanently stored but created when the user needs to access them.
Virtual
69. In the relational model, relations are represented physically as A. rectangles B. tables C. records D. objects
B. tables
67. In the relational model, if we combine all the tuples of one table with all the tuples of a second table, the result is the A. PRODUCT B. UNION C. NATURAL JOIN D. SUM
A. PRODUCT
81. Routines created using an extension of SQL and stored in the database space are called A. PSMs B. ODBCs C. APIs D. scripts
A. PSMs
115. To retrieve all columns in a SQL SELECT operation, the SELECT line should read A. SELECT * B. SELECT ALL C. SELECT ALL COLUMNS D. SELECT
A. SELECT *
103. The relational algebra operator that takes rows of a single table that meet a specified condition is the A. SELECT operator B. PROJECT operator C. JOIN operator D. UNION operator
A. SELECT operator
22. Given an Employee table with columns for salary and dept, to raise the salaries of all employees in the sales department by 10%, we could write A. UPDATE Employee SET salary = salary*1.10 WHERE dept='sales'; B. UPDATE salary SET salary = salary*1.10 WHERE dept='sales'; C. UPDATE Employee SET salary = 1.10 WHERE dept='sales'; D. UPDATE Employee LET salary = salary*1.10 WHERE dept='sales';
A. UPDATE Employee SET salary = salary*1.10 WHERE dept='sales';
96. The language that is a standard for data exchange between diverse data sources is A. XML B. SQL C. OQL D. SML
A. XML
32. In a JDBC application, which of the following types of objects is used to execute stored procedure? A. a CallableStatement object B. a ResultSet object C. a PL/SQL object D. a PreparedStatement object
A. a CallableStatement object
124. Which of the following is another term for the system data dictionary? A. ALL view B. system catalog C. DBA view D. CONSTRAINTS
B. system catalog
27. If S = {a,b} and T = {1,2,3} then the Cartesian product S X T has how many ordered pairs? A. 5 B. 6 C. 8 D. 9
B. 6
113. To eliminate duplicates in the results of an SQL query, use the option A. UNIQUE B. DISTINCT C. NO REPEATS D. ORDER BY
B. DISTINCT
126. Which of the following is NOT usually identified as a big data technology? A. Hadoop B. IDS C. NoSQL D. NewSQL
B. IDS
127. Which of the following is NOT valid in an SQL subquery?</div>{ A. ...WHERE empId IN ( SELECT empId... B. ...WHERE empid = (SELECT empId.. C. ...WHERE NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * D. ...WHERE empId IN ( SELECT *
D. ...WHERE empId IN ( SELECT *
121. Which of the following is a project management tool that shows tasks, resources, task dependencies, and timelines for a project A. spreadsheet B. project chart C. E-R diagram D. Gantt chart
D. Gantt chart
125. Which of the following is not part of a trigger. A. Action B. Event C. Condition D. Relationship
D. Relationship
116. When a recursive relationship is mapped in a relational schema, which of the following is true? A. a separate relationship table is always required B. the relationship is impossible to represent C. the relationship can always be represented in the original table for the entity D. a separate relationship table may or may not be required
D. a separate relationship table may or may not be required
118. When mapping a hierarchy from an EE-R diagram to a relational model, which of the following methods can be used? A. create a single table that includes all attributes of the superset and the subsets B. create a table for the superset and one for each of the subsets C. create tables for the subsets, but include the attributes of the superset in each D. all of these
D. all of these
128. Which of the following is the best method for representing a weak entity in a relational schema? A. include the weak entity in the table for the owner entity B. create a table for the weak entity itself by mapping its own attributes to columns C. create tables for the strong entity and the weak entity, and another table for their relationship D. create a table for the strong entity and one for the weak entity, but include the primary key of the owner in the weak entity table
D. create a table for the strong entity and one for the weak entity, but include the primary key of the owner in the weak entity table
135. Column constraints are also called _________ constraints because they are defined on the same line as the column.
In-line
144. A single ER diagram can be mapped to several different logical models
TRUE
145. A solution to mapping unions is to create a surrogate key that will be the primary key of the union.
TRUE
146. A star schema consists of a fact table and dimension tables.
TRUE
147. A temporal database is one that includes some representation of time.
TRUE
148. Although the E-R model is sufficient to represent data needs for traditional applications in business, it is not semantically rich enough to model the more complex environments used for more advanced applications.
TRUE
152. DML commands can be embedded within a program in a host language.
TRUE
153. In the example EE-R diagram (Figure 3.22) the Trainer and Jockey have a common subset, consisting of people who fit into both specializations, called TrainerJockey.
TRUE
154. In the Hadoop Distributed File System, data can be represented using (key, value) pairs.
TRUE
155. In the hierarchical model, relationships are represented by relative placement of nodes in a tree.
TRUE
157. In the relational model, a view can be a subset of a base table.
TRUE
158. In the relational model, each row is called a tuple.
TRUE
159. In the sample database which includes the following tables: Student, Faculty, Class, and Enroll, the Enroll table represents the relationship between the Student and Class.
TRUE
161. NoSQL systems are designed to provide real-time query processing.
TRUE
166. SQL includes a data definition language and a data manipulation language.
TRUE
171. The SQL language can be used for creating and manipulating object-relational databases.
TRUE
172. The use of punched cards in data processing was inspired by their use in looms for weaving.
TRUE
175. Unified Modeling Language (UML) was originally developed as a modeling language for software engineering.
TRUE
176. VARCHAR2 is an Oracle data type that stores varying lengths of strings.
TRUE
140. The relational model is based on the concept of a relation, which is physically represented as a _______ or two-dimensional array.
Table
18. Database access by two or more users at the same time is described as A. concurrent B. independent C. dependent D. serial
A. concurrent
23. Having multiple copies of the same data is called A. data redundancy B. data integrity C. data consistency D. data standards
A. data redundancy
74. Logical data independence refers the immunity of the A. external model to changes in the logical model B. logical model to changes in the internal model C. internal model to changes in the physical model D. logical model to changes in the conceptual model
A. external model to changes in the logical model
80. On the logical level, the data about data is described as A. metadata B. data instances C. the miniworld D. enterprise data
A. metadata
20. Faster development of new applications is often possible in a database environment because A. no file creation phase is needed B. new applications are independent of old ones C. no program planning is required D. the database administrator does all programming
A. no file creation phase is needed
87. The base tables in a relational database correspond to which level in the standard three-level database architecture? A. the external level B. the logical level C. the internal level D. the conceptual level
B. the logical level
16. Data consistency means A. all users see exactly the same data B. all data is shared C. all occurrences of the same data item agree D. there is no redundancy of data
C. all occurrences of the same data item agree
60. In the EE-R model, if a specialization uses the same attribute in the defining predicate for a specialization, it is called A. user-defined B. predicate-defined C. attribute-defined D. exhaustive
C. attribute-defined
63. In the EE-R model, if subclass membership can be determined by examining a condition for each subclass, we describe the specialization as A. relation-defined B. conditional C. predicate-defined D. complete
C. predicate-defined
70. In the relational model, the integrity rules that states that a foreign key must match a value in the home relation or be completely null is A. entity integrity B. referential integrity C. domain integrity D. relational integrity
B. referential integrity
13. An attribute or set of attributes used for accessing records, but whose values are not unique is called a A. candidate key B. secondary key C. superkey D. primary key
B. secondary key
61. In the EE-R model, if an entity set is a subclass of two or more superclasses, it is called a(n) A. aggregation B. shared subclass C. union D. dependent subclass
B. shared subclass
64. In the EE-R model, the process of identifying subsets of existing entity set is called A. generalization B. specialization C. abstraction D. aggregation
B. specialization
88. The boundary between the DBMS and the operating system in a database environment is called the A. user interface B. stored record interface C. logical record interface D. physical record interface
B. stored record interface
4. A relational database stores data in the form of A. objects B. tables C. indexes D. windows
B. tables
25. If a sequence called stuId_seq has already been created and used to insert records into the Student table, and we want to insert a new record, incrementing the value of the sequence, we write A. INSERT INTO Student VALUES(stuId_seq.CURRVAL,…); B. INSERT INTO Student VALUES(stuId_seq.NEXTVAL,…); C. INSERT INTO Student VALUES(CURRVAL(stuId_seq),…); D. INSERT INTO Student VALUES(NEXTVAL(stuId_seq),…);
B. INSERT INTO Student VALUES(stuId_seq.NEXTVAL,…);
51. In the E-R model, if a relationship R is ternary, it means A. every entity in one entity set is related to three entities in another entity set B. R is a relationship among three entity sets C. R is a recursive relationship D. R must have three descriptive attributes of its own
B. R is a relationship among three entity sets
37. In an EE-R diagram, a total specialization is indicated by A. the letter t in the specialization circle B. a double line connecting the circle to the superclass C. a single line connecting the circle to the superclass D. a double arrow to the circle
B. a double line connecting the circle to the superclass
93. The data stored in the database at any given moment is called A. a user view of the database B. an extension of the database C. an intension of the database D. an evolution of the database
B. an extension of the database
55. In the E-R model, the number of entities that can map to one another under a relationship is called the A. degree of the relationship B. cardinality of the relationship C. order of the relationship D. descriptor of the relationship
B. cardinality of the relationship
91. The data model level that an E-R diagram best describes is the A. external B. conceptual C. physical D. internal
B. conceptual
79. On an E-R diagram, the symbol that shows the relationship between a weak entity and its associated strong entity is a(n) A. oval B. double diamond C. double rectangle D. double oval
B. double diamond
58. In the E-R model, which of the following is true about weak entities</div>{ A. every existence dependent entity is weak B. every weak entity is an existent dependent C. every weak entity has an attribute called a discriminator D. every existence dependent entity is missing a key
B. every weak entity is an existent dependent
48. In the E-R model, all the entity instances that belong to an entity set at a given moment form the A. intension B. extension C. domain D. range
B. extension
1. A data dictionary that is part of the DBMS is described as A. freestanding B. integrated C. compound D. user-friendly
B. integrated
82. Since database data items are stored in compatible formats and logical connections among them are also stored, we describe database data as A. independent B. integrated C. redundant D. isolated
B. integrated
12. All the entity instances that fulfill the definition at the moment form the _______ of the entity. A. entity set B. intension C. record D. extension
B. intension
3. A data model that can handle complex data such as that needed for multimedia is the A. relational B. object-oriented C. network D. hierarchical
B. object-oriented
29. In a business, if a department can have many workers, but each worker belongs to only one department, the cardinality of the department-to-worker relationship is A. one-to-one B. one-to-many C. many-to-one D. many-to-many
B. one-to-many
34. In an E-R diagram, a single line between an entity set rectangle and a relationship diamond indicates what participation constraint? A. total participation B. partial participation C. complete participation D. no participation
B. partial participation
2. A data manipulation language in which the user tells the system how to manipulate the data is said to be A. graphical B. procedural C. natural D. declarative
B. procedural
21. For a relational view to be updatable, which of the following must be true? A. the view must have all the same attributes as the base table it is defined on B. the view table itself must be permanently stored C. the view must contain the primary key of the base table it is defined on D. all of these must be true
C. the view must contain the primary key of the
84. Software engineering tools that can be used in designing the data model include</div>{ A. SE maps B. trees C. spreadsheets D. CASE tools
D. CASE tools
95. The entity-relationship model was proposed by A. Bachman B. Codd C. Peterlee D. Chen
D. Chen
99. The person who designs, creates, and manages the database is the A. end user B. sophisticated user C. DBMS D. DBA
D. DBA
89. The Census Bureau employee who proposed the use of punched cards for data storage was A. Thomas Watson B. Thomas Edison C. John von Neumann D. Herman Hollerith
D. Herman Hollerith
11. All of the following used the relational data model EXCEPT A. System R B. Ingres C. Oracle D. IDS
D. IDS
66. In the relational model, a view can be used A. in the FROM line of an SQL query B. in the INTO line in an SQL INSERT command C. as the basis of a derived view D. all of these
D. all of these
77. On an E-R diagram using (min,max) notation, if the line from the entity set Employee to the relationship Assign has (0,M) it indicates A. every employee has exactly 1 assignment B. every employee has at least 1 assignments, but can have multiple assignments C. an employee may or may not have an assignment, but has at most 1 D. an employee may or may not have an assignment, but can have multiple assignments
D. an employee may or may not have an assignment, but can have multiple assignments
86. The actual tables in the schema for a relational database, the logical-level tables, are called _______. A. views B. queries C. files D. base-tables
D. base-tables
43. In SQL, when creating a view, columns from the original table can be A. renamed, but not reordered B. reordered, but not renamed C. neither renamed nor reordered D. both renamed and reordered
D. both renamed and reordered
6. All of the following are examples of constraints on relations in the relational model EXCEPT A. referential integrity B. entity integrity C. domain constraints D. boundary constraints
D. boundary constraints
35. In an E-R diagram, lines are used for all these connections EXCEPT A. attribute to entity B. entity to relationship C. attribute to relationship D. entity to entity
D. entity to entity
85. Systems that use natural language are referred to as A. declarative B. graphical C. fourth-generation D. fifth-generation
D. fifth-generation
76. Of the following types of keys, the one that does not appear in the Entity-Relational model is A. superkey B. candidate key C. primary key D. foreign key
D. foreign key
26. If complex data types and methods are added to a relational model, we categorize it as A. semantic B. object-oriented C. functional D. object-relational
D. object-relational
30. In a database system, a question such as 'Find the names of all students who take class ENG210' is called a A. report B. form C. statement D. query
D. query
59. In the EE-R model, a collection of superclasses with a subclass such that each member of it belongs to only one of them is called a A. group B. generalization C. consolidation D. union
D. union
