CR 6.7: Claims

Three Types of Claims

1. Claims of fact 2. Claims of value 3. Claims of policy

Three Qualities of Effective Claims

1. They address important, relevant problems. 2. They are contestable. That is, readers will wonder whether the claim is true. 3. They are debatable.

Logical Appeals

1. established facts 2. case studies 3. statistics 4. experiments 5. analogies and logical reasoning 6. citation of recognized experts on the issue

Authoritative Appeals

1. personal anecdotes 2. illustration of deep knowledge on the issue 3. citation of recognized experts on the issue 4. testimony of those involved first-hand on the issue

Emotional Appeals

1. personal anecdotes 2. narratives 3. impact studies 4. testimony of those involved first-hand with the issue

Claims of Policy

A claim of policy argues that certain conditions should exist, or that something should or should not be done, in order to solve a problem.

Claims of Value

A claim of value argues that something is good or bad, or that one thing is better than another thing.

Ethos

Appeal to authority

Pathos

Appeal to emotion

Logos

Appeal to logic

Claims of Fact

Assertion about something that can be proved or disproved with factual evidence

Which type of claim? Advances in computer modeling have made it possible to create completely new types of architectural structures.

Claim of fact

Which type of claim? Although the International Astronomical Union announced that Pluto is not actually a planet, experts disagree on what characteristics define a planet.

Claim of fact

Which type of claim? Studies have shown that exposure to violent media is a risk factor for violent behaviors.

Claim of fact

Which type of claim? Vaping can lead to increased blood pressure, lung disease, and insulin resistance.

Claim of fact

Which type of claim? Increased investments in solar power will benefit national security by reducing dependence on fossil fuels.

Claim of policy

Which type of claim? Parents should not only be aware of how their children are using social media, but also understand the potential positive and negative impacts of social media use.

Claim of policy

Which type of claim? In order to insure that graduates are competitive for top jobs in their fields, the college must put additional resources into its career services office and internship programs.

Claim of policy

Which type of claim? The Career Support Network is an excellent resource for people who are considering a mid-life career change.

Claim of value

Which type of claim? The basic keys to success are perseverance and discipline.

Claim of value