CRIJ Exam 1
What is the first entirely secular written legal code?
12 tables
how many circuit courts are there in the US
13
Which philosopher favored the concept of lex talionis or "eye for an eye"?
Hammurabi
Which philosopher came up with the idea of the social contract?
Hobbes
which philosopher had a poor opinion of the human nature>
Hobbes
which theorist thought the social contract necessary because life in the state of nature is "nasty, brutal and short"?
Hobbes
Which philosopher believed in the idea of tabula rasa, which asserted that individuals were born as blank slates?
John Jocke
the legal authority or power of a court to hear, pronounce on, and decide a case is known as:
Jurisdiction
which court case established judicial review
Marbury V. Madison
the concept of the rule of law appears to have originated with...
Plato
which philosopher came up with the concept of the theory of forms?
Plato
Which legal philosopher argued that individuals would choose equal liberties and opportunities for everyone if they chose behind a veil of ignorance
Rawls
The rule of four refers to
Supreme Court of the United States practice that permits four of the nine justices to grant a writ of certiorari
the first document creating a US government was called the
articles of confederation
the early equity courts were called...
courts of chancery
which level of state courts has original jurisdiction for felony cases?
courts of general jurisdiction
which type of justice is concerned with how a political entity distributes resources to its members and asserts that distribution should not be based on need but who deserves it?
distributive justice
It would be practically impossible to develop any kind of culture without
language
Which of the following is NOT one of the six elements of culture?
law
the rule of __________ has been called the most important legal principle in the world
law
Which of the following is NOT something that courts are intended to to?
make laws
appellate jurisdiction is the
power of the court to review the decision of a lower court
the constitution is primarily concerned with setting forth the...
powers and limits of the federal confederation
at which stage of the criminal process does the defendant enter a plea?
pre-trial
the system of procedures holding government to the rule of law is best articulated by the concept of...
principles and values
the fifth amendment includes which of the following ?
privilege against self incrimination
what means "let the decision stand"?
spare decisis
the first amendment includes the freedom of..
speech, religion, assembly
Normative standards about what is good and bad, correct and incorrect, and moral and immoral are:
values
how many court systems are there in the US?
two, state and federal
which of these theorists equated law with justice and favored an egalitarian system?
Aristotle
which philosopher asserted that justice consists of treating equals equally and unequal unequally according to relevant differences?
Aristotle
which philosopher favored the utilitarian and egalitarian concepts?
Aristotle
the first written legal code was the:
Code of Hammurabi
Which Theorist was most concerned with social solidarity?
Durkheim
law and justice...
can be in accordant to one another
Diversity of citizenship involves which of the following?
citizens of different states, amount acceding $5000
what type of law is considered "judge-made law"?
common law
the punitive system under which a Finnish billionaire was fined $216,000 for speeding is the
day-fine model
which level of federal courts has original jurisdiction over civil and criminal cases involving federal statues?
district courts
The US legal system has been characterized as following the _______________ model, wheras Canada's has been characterized as following the _____________ model
due process, crime control
federal district court judges are appointed for...
eight years
Which amendment to the US constitution contains the right against cruel and unusual punishment?
eighth
what is included in the "taking clause" of the fifth amendment?
eminent domain
the Riggs v. Palmer case best exemplifies...
equity
Karl Marx asserted that the ruled accept the social system they do based on:
fasle consiousness
John Locke...
felt that humans enjoyed freedom and independence in the state of nature
Which of Weber's decision-making typologies is the most rational and ideal?
formal rationality
Which amendment to the US constitution contains the right against unreasonable searches and seizures?
fourth
which of the following is NOT a level of the federal court system?
general jurisdiction
which type of crime was the highlight of Garfalos work?
natural crimes
which amendment was the basis for granting people rights not specifically enumerated in the bill of rights first mentioned in Griswold v. Connecticut?
ninth
The action component of a value or a belief is a:
norm
the authority to hear a case initially is also known as
original jurisdiction
what means "the reason for the decision"?
ratio decendi
which type of justice is concerned with how a society determines the proper punishment?
retributive justice
which type of justice is concerned with how a society determines guilt/innocence and how it determines the proper punishent?
retributive law
Which type of incorporation is the most prominent in the courts?
selective
Which one of the following is NOT an individual right or protection stated in the constitution itself?
self incrimination
Which standard of review requires that the law has compelling interest and is narrowly tailored?
strict scrutiny
the evolutionary version of natural law proposes that humans are biologically predisposed to make certain choices because...
such choices promoted the survival and reproductive success of our distant ancestors in evolutionary times
In which of the following situations does the supreme court NOT have original jurisdiction?
suits between the US and the foreign countries
Concrete physical signs that signify abstractions are:
symbols
Which of Packers models of criminal justice asserts that the system should work like an assembly line and appeals should be kept to a minimum?
the crime control model
which of packers models of criminal justice is like an obstacle course designed to avoid efficiency and speedy processing?
the due process model
Which type of incorporation asserts that the entire bill of rights and unspecified rights are all applicable to state governments?
total incorporation plus
Believers in transcendental natural law believe that natural law...
transcends postive law
according to aristotle, justice consists of...
treating equals equally, unequals unequally according to relevant differences
Aristotle was a famous philosopher...
who felt that rules must be subservient to the law
which of the following is an order to the lower court asking to send the record of a case up to the supreme court?
writ of certiorari
