CRIM3310 exam 3
chief justice warren burgers opinion, the first requirement of due process for parole revocation is ________
a hearing before an uninvolved/ non biased hearing officer
which of the following is an inaccurate statement about desirable characteristics of a juvenile justice professional?
a professional models negative behavior
which of the following is true of female gangs?
studies show that girls age out of gangs before boys
which of the following best defines crossover juveniles?
youth who are known to both child welfare and juvenile justice
the main philosophy of positive peer culture is to turn around the negative peer culture and immobilize the power of the peer group in a positive way by teaching group members to ________?
care for one another
which of the following assessment tools is linked to the risk and needs principles and to responsivity?
case management inventory
which of the following is a career with a juvenile correctional institution?
chaplain
gangs that are formed due to social discrimination or rejection offer what?
acceptance
juveniles released after training are placed on what? juvenile state schools are known as training schools
aftercare
which of the following is a disadvantage of setting up independent agencies for releasing youth from training centers?
agencies are too far removed from the institution to know what is happening on the inside
what source offers many student internship opportunities as well as a number of state correctional agencies?
american correctional association
which of the following is an inaccurate statement?
an important gang dimension is the specialty of the gang
which gangs tend to have identifiable leadership?
asian gangs
the demographics of child maltreatment show that _________ make up the largest % of victims.
children younger than 3
which of the following is most true of female gangs?
commit fewer violent crimes
what did the american correctional association commission on accreditation accomplish in the late 1970's?
established training standards.
which of the following takes place in stage 5 of gang development?
expansion of drug markets
which of the following is a reason given for the failure of aftercare?
extreme fragmentation in the system
according weimann, who are more likely to be affected by homelessness, poverty, compromised health, unemployment, and incarceration after they leave foster care?
foster care youth
which of the following is the most true about female gangs?
gang involvement does expose young women to risks of victimization
which of the following takes place the earliest in gang development?
gang leaders tell youths in a community they may represent gang signs
which of the following is the truest statement?
gangs regularly go on recruiting parties
which treatment modality first used in the 1950's is based on the assumption that youths can confront their peers and force them to face the reality of their behavior more effectively than staff?
guided group interaction
which of the following is an inducement towards correctional employment?
health insurance
what is the ethnic background of ms13 and sur13 gangs?
hispanic
what is considered one of the most disruptive events that can happen in an adolescents' life?
homelessness
which of the following drugs does law forbid for everyone in the U.S.?
illicit drugs
which of the following is true of the strategies to improve effectiveness of correctional programs?
improvement program effectiveness requires that program designs be based on theoretical premises
what programs begins with a 13 week reintegration treatment program that attempts to improve offenders basic socialization skills to stop their use and abuse of drugs and to provide them w/ employment or an educational opportunity?
life skills 95
the general mood regarding offender rehabilitation in the late 70's and early 80's was one of ________?
pessimism and discouragement
what % of emergent street gangs is made up of juveniles?
90 percent
revocation is generally based on the ________ of the youths.
#13 on exam: A - attitude
according to the national center of sexual behavior of youth, approximately how much of the sexual offenses against children are committed by teenagers?
1/3
opening doors: federal strategic plan to prevent and end homelessness sets the goal of ending homelessness for youth _______?
10 yrs
according to the u.s. census bureau, the population of juveniles under the age of 18 will increase by what percentage by 2000 and 2025?
14 percent
what % of juvenile sex offenders have been sexually abused?
40-70%
super gangs were first developed in which of the following eras?
60's
according to ryan and hertz, about how many youth enter the justice in L.A. from 2002-2005?
69,009
according to studies by hammin what percentage of youths in the justice system have a mental disorder?
70%
inspired individuals dedicated to setting up a program is a key ingredient to success. as an example ______ was able to generate enthusiasm in setting up outward bound as discussed in chapter 11.
Kurt Hahn
why does the term aftercare a misnomer? (something that is not properly named)
because it involves much more than after an offender is released
why do adult gangs use the juvenile gang members to commit violent crimes?
because juveniles are likely to be treated less harshly than adults.
in the 90's why did several scholars predict that juvenile crime will rise to new heights in 2010?
because of their predictions of the recruitment of young people into the market to sell crack cocaine
the treatment modality in which residents receive additional privileges as they become more accepting of institutional rules and procedures is called what?
behavior modification
which of the following has been the most active in drug trafficking in the U.S.?
bloods and crips
much of the current work in juvenile justice is focused with what?
confinement
aim program. indiana
connection imprisoned youth and adult mentors
which of the following drugs hit the streets in the late 80's and contributed to the criminal gang operations?
crack cocaine
by definition the template matching technique _________
creates a set of descriptors of the kinds of people who are most likely to benefit from a particular treatment
an advantage of guided group interaction is that it _______?
directs offenders toward resolutions through awareness of their problems
adolescent drug use becomes abuse only when the user becomes ________?
dysfunctional
a metanalysis of 69 studies covering both behavior and cognitive behavioral problems determine that cognitive behavior programs are more effective ________?
in reducing rates of recidivism
the most consistent finding on the work of detached workers for gangs was that they what?
increase the size of the gang
which of the following is the most true about defining gangs?
intimidation to further its criminal objectives
which of the following is an ingredient of most successful treatment programs?
involvement of offenders in the decision making process
which of the following is true about techno corrections?
involves technology rather than personnel to monitor juvenile corrections
which of the following is true of juvenile females?
it appears that they are likely to continue their adult involvement as they age
which of the following is themes true about alcohol use among american adolescents?
it is continuing to rise among american adolescents
which of the following is most true?
juveniles released from training schools are even less prepared for comment living than in the past
which of the following is the most accurate statement?
juveniles that may pose as a threat to others can be placed in therapeutic or preventive detention
juvenile detention center
kid jail
state schools
kid prison
according to the mckinley homeless assistance act, a youth is considered homeless if he/she ______?
lacks a fixed, regular and adequate nighttime residence.
states that use ________ sentencing for juveniles usually have determined the time of institutional release when the youth is committed to training school.
mandatory
currently, juveniles are moving away from crack cocaine to the use of what?
methaphedamine
according to our authors, which of the following would likely improve the quality of institutional treatment?
more programs that ensure higher program integrity
guided group interaction is characterized by what?
non authoritarian atmosphere
in which stage did robert martinson pronounce that quote "with few and isolated exceptions the rehabilitative effects that have been reported so far have had no appreciable effect on recidivism?"
nothing works stage
which of the following therapeutic approaches helps youths fulfill basic needs?
reality therapy
which of the following is an objective of juvenile aftercare?
reducing the crime committed by released juveniles
which of the following is a desirable characteristic of corrections professionals?
refusal to accept unethical behavior from fellow staff members.
in which of the following stages did critics argue persuasively that rehabilitations assumptions conflict with basic human values?
rehabilitation is not appropriate stage
the intensive aftercare program model focuses on?
reintegrative process
what is the prime goal of incarcerated youth?
release
the use of ______ in institutional settings must be carefully supervised because of the possibility treatment of difficult to handle residents
restraints
in reference to crossover youths, at what point is adam's practical model supposed to start?
right when youth has crossed over from on process to the other
according to carl taylor, gangs that prey on those that are unable to defend themselves are ________?
scavenger gangs
what resulted in over 28 million dollars being awarded to non profit organizations and governments to provide services to reentering ex offenders?
second chance act
which of the following strategies is predictive of effectiveness in working w/ gang problems?
setting up opportunity programs along w/ strong community organization and participation of key community members
according to spergel, which of the following strategies of intervention focuses on arrests, incarceration, monitoring, and supervision of gang members?
suppression
for an aftercare program to be successful it should what?
target offenders with the highest rate of recividism
which of the following is the most frequent reason for the revocation of aftercare according to a kentucky study?
technical violations
what was the find of john and ross about the offender rehabilitation literature in the attempts to reduce delinquent behavior?
the # of successful reported attempts contradicted the nothing works hypothesis
what does an integrative treatment model provide?
the central guiding vision that unites screening, assessment, case planning, treatment, transition, and aftercare.
murray v. paige set the rationale for ....
the due process model
which argument contradicts the contention that staff members who work with the residents know them best and are the best judges of when they should be released?
the institutional staff does not know the inmates sufficiently to determine their behavior
which of the following was the accepted treatment during the first four decades of the 1900's when working with juveniles?
the study of the character and mental condition of law breakers
which of the following is inaccurate regarding in what needs to be done in order to increase professionalism in juvenile justice?
the trend towards community facilities getting accreditation should be deemphasized.
which of the following statement is the most true about indicators of school crime?
there are as many suicides among school youths aged 5-18 as there are homicides
what did desai and colleagues find out about the studies on medications used in juvenile facilities?
there are not many studies on this subject
which of the following statements is the most true about internships?
they are usually not advertised the way job listings are posted
what is the expected offender response to the errors and thinking approach?
to learn responsible, prosocial behavior
which of the following statements best describes professionalism?
to remember the importance of accountability
which of the following is one of the reasons offered by experts to explain school shootings?
too much violence on television
what trends in juvenile corrections gives correctional officers more involvement and control over the population they supervise?
towards new generation jails and direct supervision
according to jeffrey fagan, analysis which of the following gangs were involved in a few delinquent activities and alcohol and marijuana use?
type 1 gangs
which of the following is one of the ten evidence based principles?
using a cognitive behavioral approach
which of the following is a career with a juvenile correctional institution?
vocational teacher
a basic assumption of the intensive aftercare program is that serious and chronic delinquency is related to what?
weak controls
which of the following is the truest about careers in juvenile justice?
working for corrections was once considered as just a guard
what did fowler (2007) find out about the youth homelessness?
youths are more likely to experience homelessness disproportionately
