Criminal and delinquent behavior final
Cooperation?
Goal is to obtain cooperation with victims Manipulative pr coercion
Types of weapon to be used in a homicide?
Handgun
Weapon most often used by parents who kill their children?
Hands, feet, fists
The most critical factor common to serial killers?
Sado-masochism, Sexual fantasies, Addictive, Acceleration Fantasy used to suppress past trauma Original trauma may manifest in acts of violence Trauma reinforcement
Many communities in the U.S are currently experiencing a significant increase in?
Serial arson- related fires
Angel of death?
Serial killers who are in positions of caretaking, and they kill people within their care
Black widow?
Serial killers who have a pattern of killing family members, especially a series of husbands
Revenge killers?
Serial killers who seek out their victims, usually men, to avenge a wrong done to them
Serial murder(FBI & others, prior to 2005)?
Series of three or more killings, having common characteristics to suggest reasonable possibility that the crimes committed by same offender(s)
Piracy?
The act of copying, counterfeiting and distributing copyrighted material. Online theft is defined as any type of 'piracy' that involves the use of the Internet to market or distribute creative works protected by copyright.
Hacking?
The act of gaining unauthorized access to a computer system or network and in some cases making unauthorized use of this access. Hacking is also the act by which other forms of cyber-crime (e.g., fraud, terrorism, etc.) are committed.
Expressive person pattern?
The common type of fire setting, is often associated with mental disorders and emotional problems, such as depression and feelings of helpfulness
Cyber- terrorism?
The effect of acts of hacking designed to cause terror. Like conventional terrorism, `e-terrorism' is classified as such if the result of hacking is to cause violence against persons or property, or at least cause enough harm to generate fear.
Sociopaths may experience guilt, empathy, and loyalty
True
Psychopathy is a personality disorder
True. It's not a mental health disorder
Serial murder(FBI after 2005)?
Two individuals in separate incidents
Dennis Rader?
(BTK Killer) killed his victims over a period of 30 years
Richards Ramirez?
(the "Night Stalker") did most of his killing in Southern CA within a single summer
Wright et el. (2006)?
Generates quick cash Purchase of nonessential
Labeling?
Getting labeled as a deviant creates a self-fulfilling prophecy
Choice of victim?
70% of male SMs target strangers only, This is true of only 24% of female SMs.
Victim- offender relationship?
79% killed someone they knew
Vehicular homicide?
A crime that involves the death of a person other than the driver as a result of either criminally negligent or murderous operation of a motor vehicle Voluntary or involuntary
Pyromania?
A disorder of impulse control Small percentage of arsons
Voluntary manslaughter?
A killing committed with reasonable explanation or excuse such as duress; without malice aforethought, with provocation (not self-defense), intent to do harm Intentional killing with adequate provocation committed in the heat of passion (impulse) and malice aforethought
Psychosis?
A mental state of losing of contact with reality that usually includes: False beliefs about what is taking place or who one is (delusions) ; Seeing or hearing things that aren't there (hallucinations). Mental illness such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder Organic such as brain tumors or sleep deprivation Psychoactive drugs such as barbiturates, amphetamines and hallucinogens Not necessarily permanent occurring both chronically mentally ill and other wise healthy individuals
Psychopathology?
A personality disorder consisting of lack of empathy, impulsivity, recklessness, scrupulousness, callousness and lying Not in DSM Closest is Antisocial personality disorder and sociopathy
Simple obsession stalking?
Accounts for the majority if stalking (about 60%) and often represents extensions of previous patterns of domestic violence and psychological abuse. Usually seeks power and control after a failed relationship with the victim
Hostility?
Aggressive/ violent
Facilitators?
Alcohol, drugs, Pornography, Occult, Obsession with violence, "Lesser" violent acts, Rehearsals
What happened in 2006?
An estimated 3.4 million persons age 18 or older were victims of stalking
Serial murder?
An individual who kills multiple victims (at least two) at different times and often in different places with cooling-off periods in between the killings Return to their normal lives or routines between killing episodes
Mass violence?
An intentional violent criminal act that results in physical, emotional, or psychological harm to a sufficiently large number of people
Involuntary manslaughter?
An unintentional killing without malice, no intent to harm or injure, ignore a risk (reckless driver)
Lack of guilt and empathy not required for?
Antisocial disorder
Cybercrime?
Any illegal act that involves a computer system
Fireplay?
As the child gets older, experimentation takes place between the ages of 5-9
Geographic patterns are similar between?
Assault and homicide
Forging a working agreement?
Both offender and victim committed to battle Weapon brought in and homicide occurs
Firesetting?
By age 10, and sometimes even earlier, most children have learned the dangers of fire and it's consequences; if they continue to set fires at this point, they have reached the fire setting phase
What state became the first to enact anti stalking legislation in 1990, as a response to domestic violence?
California
Megan Meir Cyberbyllying Prevention act of 2009?
First Amendment protection
Jenkins?
Five or more within 72 hours
Diagnosis of MSBP?
Child persistently presents for medical care Organic illness must be ruled out Overemphasis by parent Parental anxiety/worry Does not involve fabrication Extreme exaggeration of symptoms Review of medical records Proper diagnosis best determined by separating child from parent and monitoring/recording child
Dominance?
Complete control over victims. Professionals
Where has there been an increase in robberies?
Convenience/ liquor stores
Difference between mass murder and a serial killer?
Cooling off period
Produced MSBP?
Creating an illness in the child Suffocation to simulate apnea Administration of drugs, laxatives or salt to induce vomiting, diarrhea or other symptoms
Financial?
Crimes which disrupt businesses ability to conduct e- commerce (or electronic commerce) Ex. Viruses, cyber- attacks, e-forgery
Subculture of violence?
Culture of "Honor" Requires a man to stand up to any affront to their honor
Disgruntled employees?
Current employees who are unhappy about something happening at their work; Former employees who have been fired and return to their place of employment to retaliate against those who they believe have treated them wrongly; Killer usually aims for those who mistreated him or her, but others are often killed in the rampage
When child murders most likely occur?
Daytime, peak on Wednesdays Winter
The number of robberies reported to police and the robbery rates have?
Declined in recent years
Computer specific offenses (eg: hacking)
Depends on amount of financial damage to property or computer services
Motive of MSBP?
Desire to be center of attention Need to be connected to doctors and nurses Need of sympathy, care, respect of others Dislike or hatred for child or what child does Tangible rewards Access to special people or privileges
Terrorism?
Domestic Terrorism means activities that Involve acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of any State, Appears to be intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination or kidnapping; and (c) occur primarily within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States.'
Most females homicides are?
Domestic violence related. Among females, involve another male
Inadvertent Cyberbully?
Don't consider selves as bullies Pretending to be tough, role playing or reacting to hateful or provocative messages Don't lash out intentionally Respond in anger or frustration and don't think of consequences
Vengeful Angel?
Don't see self as bully Righting wrongs, protecting self Retaliation, warranted revenge
Cyberbullying?
Electronic forms of contact Anonymity Often short duration Need to feel powerful and in control
Psychopaths don't have?
Empathy
Perpetrators of MSBP?
Even tempered, middle class, engaging No criminal record Research illnesses Able to fabricate empathy
Characteristics of psychopaths?
Extremely high intelligence. Low emotional stimuli Control is vitally important Emotional and physical Start with animal abuse. Practice makes perfect for their crimes Feel justification for their acts Collection of trophies Leave calling cards for authorities* TEND to be loners Anti social - disregard for rights of others Crimes begin in their 20s - 30s. Tend to be white. Not all are serial killers
Constellation of maladaptive behaviors?
Fascination with fire Tension release Small percentage Most adults Arson is just one component
The killing event?
Females often kill their victims instantly Males killing is an elaborate process that takes place over many hours (or perhaps days).
Gaynor (1996) three developmental phases related to fire?
Fire interest Fireplay Firesetting
MSBP compared to other types of abuse?
History given by parent usually false, but injury is real Perpetrator most often the mother MSBP describes condition of perpetrator rather than type of abuse Children usually under age 5 Older children sometimes adopt symptoms believing themselves genuinely ill Lengthy amount of time involved in abuse Often results in death or permanent disability
Dynamics of aggravated assault resembles those of?
Homicide
Victim precipitated?
Homicide incident in which the victim was the first to employ "physical force against the subsequent slayer"
Media driven?
Idolize other murderers and want to emulate them
What do we know about psychopaths?
Imprinted at birth Mother didn't want them Didn't bond as babies or children Had a fascination with death and pain as children
Second degree murder?
Intentional causing death of another without premeditation Full understanding of actions
How important is the audience?
Interaction tends to be more severe
Erotomania stalking?
Is considered delusional, and the stalker is often plagued by serious mental disorders
Instrument object pattern?
Is most often associated with young offenders with a serious anti social history and is linked with covering traces of other crimes, such as burglary or murder
Instrumental person pattern?
Is most often linked to failed family or ex- companion relationships and their related threats, disagreements, and arguments
Vengeance stalking?
Is quite different from the three other types because they do not seek relationships with their targets. Instead, they try to elicit a particular response or change of behavior from the victims
Expressive object pattern?
Is usually characteristic of serial fire setters who set multiple fires
Visionary?
Kill because of a vision Could be a result of psychosis
Disciple?
Kill because they are trying to attain acceptance from a charismatic leader (like Charles Manson); this type of mass murderer usually does not know his or her victims; they kill to please the leader
Spree killers?
Kill several victims at different locations within a short period of time (minimum number of victims is usually three of four); Does not do all killings at the same location Not long cooling off periods between killings; Killer does not return to his/her regular behavior between slayings
Missionary?
Kill to remove certain types of people in the world
Infanticide?
Killing of an infant child, generally less than one years old
Mass murder?
Killing of four or more victims (Levin & Fox, 1998) Killing of three or more victims as part of a single ongoing event (Holmes & Holmes, 2001)
Prolicide?
Killing of one's own offspring and includes both infanticide and the killing of a fetus in utero
Filicide?
Killing one one's own child Perpetrators tend to kill all children if have more than one Children under age 5 are most likely to be killed by parents More likely that child is biological as opposed to step child Common method of MSBP
Geographic patterns of homicide?
Large cities, The south, United States
Male arsonists?
Little data Older, African American, unmarried, uneducated with history of alcohol and drug abuse Motivation was revenge
Amateur robbery?
Lone robber Spur of the moment Stand in line with customers when high customer volume Usually not armed Undisguised Get away on foot or bike Motivated to fulfill needs (Drugs, status enhancing goods) Poor self regulation Highly predictable patterns (Use same modus operandi)
Lust murderers, Thrill, and Comfort killers?
Lust murderers- Kill of sexual pleasure, often involves brutal torture Thrill killers- Kill for excitement, may torture or mutilate Comfort killers- Kill for benefits they may receive from killing; financial or psychological
Stimulated MSBP?
Lying about child's illness Does not involve actively doing something to the child Describe seizures or passing out Can result in exploratory surgeries and installation of invasive monitoring devices
Neurosis?
Mental distress, not caused by organic disease, involving symptoms of stress (depression, anxiety, obsessive behavior, hypochondria) but not a radical loss of touch with reality. Not listed as a form of mental illness but there are disorders associated with the term OCD Phobias Chronic anxiety
Intervention of MSBP?
Mere confrontation not effective Coordinated, multi-disciplinary action as soon as MSBP is suspected Documentation critical Child must be placed outside the home Difficult to prove No risk assessment for MSBP
Strong armed robbery is?
More likely to result in injury of the victim
Professional robbery?
More than one perpetrator Carefully planned Select low customer volume times Visibly armed Used varied disguises Motor vehicle get away High levels of confidence, control Prior history of bank robberies
Confrontational homicide?
Most common type of homicide Begins with a public altercation Viewed as a contest of honor by at least one of the participants Quickly evolves into violence and ends in death
Wright and Decker (1997)?
Most don't plan robbery. Immediate gratification Drug sellers and wealthy drug users were targets. Street culture
Mean girls?
Most immature of all cyberbullies Bored and looking for entertainment Usually female bullying females Ego-driven Fed by admiration of others Planned and executed in a group Audience
Shaken baby syndrome?
Most often perpetrated by mothers
Neonatiacide is often committed by?
Mothers and rate is 10 times higher than the rate of homicide any time of life
MSBP?
Munchhausen syndrome by proxy Parents fabricates illness of his/ her child and repeatedly presents the child for medical care Persistent fabrication Child's condition is fictitious
Neonaticide?
Murder of a newborn baby within the first 24 hours of life
Hedonistic?
Murders for the satisfaction obtained from killing
Mothers are more likely to commit?
Neglect, suffocation, and burns
Simple assault?
No weapon No serious or aggravated injury to victim
Psychotic mass murderers?
Not sociopathic but psychotic Have had a break with reality and they are likely to hear voices or have visions Rampage violence Deadly acts committed by mentally disturbed males directed and organizations and institutions, involving persons not intimately known by the perpetrator
Pseudo - commandos?
Obsessed with weapons and often bring an ample supply to complete their massacre; Well planned, public place with many people Often commit suicide or force the police to kill them Public place
Final move by offender?
Offender flees Waits for police Held involuntarily for police
Interpretation of the event?
Offender's view of victim's conduct Does not have to be related to victim's intent
The use of sexual torture/ offending?
Often present with males, almost never present with females, especially those not working with a male.
Revenge of the nerds?
Often victim of offline bullying Physically smaller, not popular Good technical skills Intention to embarrass or frighten Act tough online, but not in real life Empowered by anonymity of Internet
Robbery percentages?
Only about 4% of all arrests for economic crimes 35% of the violent crimes
Situated transaction?
Opening move Interpretation Retaliation Saving reputation Forging a working agreement Final move
Stimulated and produced MSBP?
Parent simultaneously, alternately or progressively simulates and produces illness Not providing treatment to an actual illness to exacerbated symptoms Distinguished from medical neglect
Aggravated assault involve?
People who know each other and only one fourth of assaults include a weapon
Commercial robbery?
Places where goods are bought and sold Convenience stores were traditional targets. Fast-food restaurants are becoming preferred targets. Open late, staffed by teenagers, full of cash, and conveniently near a highway
Power and control?
Pleasure derived from absolute power and control Satisfaction from watching victims suffer May torture or mutilate Not for sexual pleasure but ultimate dominance
Structure in confrontational homicide?
Poverty and inequality
Persistent and repetitive fire setting among adults?
Precipitated by events that exacerbate feelings of low self-esteem, sadness, and depression Many arsonists stay at the scene. Set fires alone and in secret Intellectual disability
Trauma control theory?
Predispositional factors may be influence homicidal process but don't drive it
First degree murder?
Premeditated Malice aforethought
Motivators for mass murders?
Revenge Power Loyalty Profit Terror Fame/notoriety
Racial hate crime is the most common according to FBI data Anti-gay murders more likely to present indications of overkill
True
Psychopath?
Show little remorse Insensitive to others rights A continuum in the amount of hatred in their deeds Do not take responsibility for behavior Lack of empathy Deliberate in causing pain Hurting others makes them feel better Often raised without affection
Psychological characteristics of cybercriminals?
Significant computer technical skills Techniques of neutralization Crimes of intimidation
Disgruntled citizens?
Similar to disgruntled employee except tend to be angry at the world rather than particular individuals; Kills strangers in an attempt to bring attention to the wrongs that he/she believes should be made public
Power- hungry?
Similar to offline/schoolyard bullies Power and control Like an audience, so may bully offline, brag, or group email/text or use social media
Consequences of cyber crime?
Similar to punishment for offenses if they were offline
Bank robbery?
Small percentage of all robberies High probability of success early on High clearance rates Amateurs and professionals
Why are U.S. homicides and aggravated assaults more common in urban areas than elsewhere?
Social disorganization, anomie, strain
Homicide among whites are highest in?
Southern States
Circumstances of a homicide?
Spontaneous event and arguments gets out of hand
Most common methods in neonatiacide?
Strangulation and suffocation
Where has there been an decrease in robberies?
Street and bank
Only way to determine MSBP is to?
Take child out of parent's care
School-age girls are more likely than boys of the same age to be victims in sexually motivated abduction homicides
True
Street robbery?
The greatest proportion of robberies Based on opportunity, not planning Alert opportunism Many characteristics of carjackers
Florida definition of vehicular homicide?
The killing of a human being, or the killing of an unborn child by any injury to the mother, caused by operation of a motor vehicle by another in a reckless manner, likely to cause the death of, or great bodily harm to another
Retaliation?
The opening moves for the offender where victim is challenged Defines the situation as one which violence may occur Other decision could be made
Biological/ Psychological?
The possession of an extra Y chromosome Decreased production of serotonin (a calm-inducing hormone) Head trauma or injury Psychopathy
Love obsession?
The stalker and the victim are casual acquaintances or complete strangers
Robbery?
The taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear Direct contact between the offender and the victim The threat or use of force
Online pornography?
There are laws against possessing or distributing child pornography. Distributing pornography of any form to a minor is illegal.
Family annihilators?
Those who kill their entire family and often themselves in one incident within the home Often patriarch, depressed and alcoholic
Cyberharassment?
Threatening or harassing email messages, instant messages, blog entries, or websites dedicated solely to tormenting an individual
Fox & Levin ( Killers who kill repeatedly)?
Three to four victims
Number one reason for serial killers motivation is?
Thrill
As of January 2015, 49 states had enacted anti bullying prevention legislation, almost all including cyber bullying
True
As the age of child victims of homicide increase, the likelihood they were murdered by a stranger increases, especially for males
True
Fathers often kill children in context of marital separation or child custody disagreement
True
Majority of homicides perpetrated by males
True
Males are most likely to commit confrontational homicide, in Southern states by white males
True
Most serial killers, shoot, strangle, stab
True
Mothers most kill often due to depression, considerable life stress and history of child abuse/domestic violence
True
Motive for female serial killers is money
True
No significant difference for boys and girls under the age of 13, children in the age range of 5-12 are least at risk for homicide
True
Number one motivation for arson for adults is revenge and money
True
Over 85% of prison inmates are diagnosed as psychopaths
True
Computer intrusion?
Unauthorized access to computers. Ex. Hacking and virus generation
Most fires set by youth go?
Undetected, unreported, or unsolved
Fire interest?
Universal in 5-7 year old's
Murder?
Unlawful killing with malice aforethought (intent); premeditation, deliberation, and design
Set and run?
Use methods such as bombing or poisoning to kill their victims to allow their own escape
Aggravated assault?
Use of weapon Other means likely to produce death or great bodily harm
Cyberstalking?
Using the Internet or other forms of electronic communications to threaten or engage in unwanted advances toward another
Opening move?
Victim does something to affront offender Comment Refusal to do what offender wants Nonverbal gesture by victim
Submission?
Victim takes control. Attempted/ fail
Deviant social learning?
Violent media (including violent pornography) changes one's norms and values
Saving reputation?
Want to save reputation Place reputation at a higher values than consequences of aggression
Low social control?
Weak bonds to conventional society "free" one to deviate
Felony murder?
When the death of a human occurs during a dangerous felony crime No specific intent to murder required
Hate crimes?
When the motivation to do a crime is hatred, bias, or prejudice, based on the actual or perceived race, color, religion, national origin, ethnicity, gender, or sexual orientation of another individual or group of individuals
Arson?
Willful or malicious burning or attempt to burn, with or without intent to defraud. May or may not result in death
Who commits robbery?
Young male adults
Who commit's arson?
Young people, particularly males, account for a substantial percent of the total arrests.
Cyber staling, privacy invasions, aggressive marketing is targeted to?
Youth
International terrorism?
involves violent acts or acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of any State, or that would be a criminal violation if committed within the jurisdiction of the United States or of any State; Appear to be intended To intimidate or coerce a civilian population; To influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or To affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination or kidnaping; and Occur primarily outside the territorial jurisdiction of the United States, or transcend national boundaries in terms of the means by which they are accomplished, the persons they appear intended to intimidate or coerce, or the locale in which their perpetrators operate or seek asylum.
