Criminal Investigation Final
Which is the best example of a prejudicial photo?
An arrest photo of the suspect showing him dirty and unkempt
Mrs. Kline finds out that her husband is having an affair with her best friend. Mrs. Kline waits outside the woman's home and after everyone has left for school and work, she knocks on the door. The woman answers the door and invites Mrs. Kline inside. Once inside, Mrs. Kline strangles the woman, killing her. What crime has Mrs. Kline committed?
first degree murder
The removal of any evidence from a person or from the scene of a crime must be done in conformity with the privileges of which amendment to the Constitution?
fourth
"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizure..." is a provided for in the United States by the:
fourth amendment
The concept of "general acceptance" of scientific evidence relates to the:
frye standard
Physical evidence at a hit-and-run scene could include:
glass fragments, fabric impressions, fiber and tissue, and paint chips
The longer a child remains on the run, the ________ the chance of falling victim to those who would exploit them.
greater
What is a method that is used by online sexual predators to lure the children they meet?
grooming
In the case of a person found ________, the body should generally not be moved at all.
hanging
online predators ___
have a link of sexual offending in the "real" world and in the virtual world
The killing of a human being by another human being is known as:
homicide
Officer Peters is about to interview a victim and must prepare several questions. Which of the following types of questions should he rely on most to force the interviewee to relate to the statement?
hypothetical questions
What does the following scenario illustrate?Bill Monroe matches a description of a burglary suspect from an incident that occurred last night. Monroe is stopped by a police officer and is asked questions about his activities the night before. Monroe believes that he cannot leave; thus, he stays and answers the officer's questions.
investigative detention
Which of the following is best recommended for controlling an informant?
investigators should have frequent personal contact with informants
In cases of ________, the killing is unintentional.
involuntary manslaughter
Bob stabs Ray with a knife, hollering that he will kill Ray. Ray manages to pull a gun out of his pocket and shoot and kill Bob before Bob can stab Ray a second time. Ray has committed
justifiable homicide
The term "exemplar" refers to an item prepared from a ________.
known source
The strip search method involves setting up ________ to be searched by the participants.
lanes
A police officer is investigating a burglary and is using fingerprint powder and a fingerprint brush at the point of entry to locate possible fingerprints. What kind of fingerprints is the officer looking for?
latent
In regard to felony murder, it is the sequence of the felony from beginning to end.
res gestae
Of the various types of rapist profiles that have been identified, which one actually gets sexual gratification from his acts?
sadistic rapist
When examining the incidence of primary patterns of rape, it appears that this type of rapist is least prominent at about 5% of all rape cases.
sadistic rapists
What occurs when a teen sends nude or seminude pictures of himself or herself to other people with their cell phone?
sexting
What is the primary motivation for the child abduction murder?
sexual assault
S.A.N.E. is an acronym for ________.
sexual assault nurse examiner
All states throughout the country are placed in one of how many RISS regions?
six
An arrestee, who is subject to warnings under Miranda, will receive notice of constitutional guarantees that protect his or her rights under
sixth amendment the right to counsel
Utilization of the ________ factors emphasizes the importance of a thorough initial investigation even when it is being turned over for a continuing investigation.
solvability
Bob's girlfriend, Mary, breaks up with him. Mary makes it clear that she doesn't want to see Bob any more. Bob responds by waiting outside Mary's job and silently following her home from work each day. This behavior may constitute the crime of:
stalking
A sample or exemplar of handwriting for comparison in questioned document cases is also known as ________.
standard
Three systematic search methods are the ________, ________ and ________ methods
strip, grid, zone
A Global Positioning System (GPS) is related to ________.
surveillance
The intelligence function includes target selection, data collection, data collation and analysis, and dissemination. During the investigation, investigators are answering these three questions. • Does this target conform to the unit's goals and objectives? • Does the department (unit) have sufficient resources for the operation? • What is the expected value of the target? What phase of the intelligence gathering process are the investigators in?
target selection
What are tiny pinpoint hemorrhages resulting from the discharge of unburned powder being deposited into the skin called?
tattooing
A police officer stops a car for speeding and conducts an illegal search of the trunk without a warrant or consent from the owner or operator. During the search, the officer however, finds three kilos of cocaine, $35,000 in cash, and several stolen guns. Based on the exclusionary rule, what are the courts likely to do with the evidence in this case?
the courts will likely exclude the evidence from court
The "linkage triangle" illustrates the possible transfer of physical evidence between the ________, the ________ and the ________.
victim, suspect, scene
A husband arrives at his home to find his wife in bed with another man. The husband then loses his temper and immediately shoots and kills the man. What crime has the husband committed?
voluntary manslaughter
________ can be a killing committed without lawful justification, wherein the defendant acted under a sudden and intense passion resulting from adequate provocation.
voluntary manslaughter
Which of the following is true regarding establishing probable cause?
It is unlikely that a single fact or circumstance will establish probable cause, but several such facts put together might.
What statement below best summarizes the current use of crime scene sketches?
Jurors, typically, can relate to a well-drafted sketch depicting all-important areas of the crime scene location.
Which of the following is NOT correct about Code Adam?
Law enforcement should not be called until the child is still missing after a 30-minute search.
The National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justices awarded a grant to the ________ Corporation to conduct a nationwide study of police agencies.
RAND
Which study revealed that most property offenses receive only cursory attention?
RAND study
What program began with funding from the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) discretionary grant program?
RISS
During an investigation involving drug trafficking, an officer learned through a confidential informant that drugs were being sold at 3984 Maple Street. The officer went to the residence seeking consent to search the home for drugs and drug trafficking and knocked on the door. A man later identified as Jim, came to the door and informed the officer that he was just visiting and had just arrived a few hours ago. He informed the officer that he didn't live at the house and that the owner had just left to pick up some groceries. When asked, Jim consented to a search of the house which was then conducted. Cocaine, LSD, marijuana, and unknown pills were seized.What statement below regarding this search is true?
The search of the house was illegal but because the officers had probable cause to search the home and a warrant could have been obtained, inevitable discovery will allow the drugs to be admissible.
In general, officers are permitted to conduct a protective search or sweep of the premises when they have reasonable grounds to believe that a person within the premises is in immediate need of assistance or ________.
a perpetrator is present
Which of the following is the final stage of the intelligence process?
dissemination
A child is seen in the emergency room with a broken arm. X-rays taken reveal multiple prior broken bones and a current spiral fracture. These are ________ of abuse.
internal signs
The issue concerning GSR testing is that:
- absense of GSR does not prove they didn't fire the gun - presence of GSR does not prove someone did fire a gun
Which statement below is true regarding DNA?
- consists only five basic elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus - represents a genetic facsimile, or "blueprint" - within every cell in each human body, the DNA is identical
Which of the following is/are variables to be considered in assessing the severity of gunshot wounds?
- range at which victim is shot - weapon's caliber - number of wounds
being a good listener involves ____.
- using any extra thinking time to stay ahead of the talker - active involvement - leaning towards the witness
The investigator's role in a child case abduction is:
- verify the accuracy of all descriptive information - explore the basis for conflicting information - obtain a brief recent history of family dynamics
Police use informants to solve certain crimes. Which person below falls under the typical definition of an informant?
- victims - anyone who provides information of an investigative nature to law enforcement - compainants in cases where the complainant is also the victim, especially in crimes against persons
The pathologist can provide information about the child's injuries, including:
- whether a single event or multiple factors acused the death - those related to the death - those previously inflicted
What is the RISS program?
A nationwide program consisting of six regional centers and a technology support center that provide flexible and locally based services to local, state, federal, and tribal law enforcement and criminal justice agencies.
Which of the following statements most accurately defines the term link analysis?
A technique designed to show relationships between individuals and organizations using a graphical visual design
After an initial evaluation of evidence in a case, the criminal investigator draws conclusions through a process of reasoning. This process is typically achieved through inductive or deductive reasoning. Which of the following statements is an example of strong inductive reasoning?
All observed crows are black; therefore, all crows are black
Andrew had robbed a convenience store employee of cash, but exchanged gunfire with a security guard, seriously wounding him. Later, Andrew became despondent over the injuries he had inflicted on the convenience store guard and went to confession at his parish where the parish priest suggested that the honest thing to do would be to return the money, turn himself over to the police, and make a full confession to them— just as he had to the priest. Andrew went to the convenience store and returned the money. He asked the new clerk to phone the police. When the police arrived, Andrew made a complete confession and inquired how the injured store guard was doing in the hospital. The police officer did not interrupt Andrew to offer any Miranda warning, but just listened after placing Andrew's hand in cuffs behind his back.
Andrew's confession to the police was voluntary under the circumstances and there has been no violation by law enforcement officials of the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination.
Evidence such as fingerprints, bloodstains, and fibers are examples of _____.
Associative evidence
Which statement below correctly states Fourth Amendment court policies regarding the use of GPS tracking devices attached to vehicles?
Because GPS devices are a substitute for ordinary visual surveillance, they can be used without a court order.
A police officer is at a crime scene and locates a footprint in a flowerbed near an open window. The window is examined closely and pry marks are discovered on the lower window sash and the window sill indicating forced entry. The police officer pointed out the evidence to the investigator who photographed the evidence and collected the footwear impression using a liquid footwear casting system. Who is required to testify in court to get the evidence admitted during the trial?
Both the police officer who discovered the evidence and the investigator who collected the evidence are usually required to testify.
The computerized database used to store DNA information is:
CODIS
Not every law enforcement agency is able to support a dedicated _____.
CSI unit
________ is an internationally recognized "missing child" safety program in the United States (and Canada), originally created by Walmart retail stores in 1994. Today, many department stores, retail shops, shopping malls, supermarkets, amusement parks, and museums participate in the program. Legislation enacted by Congress in 2003 now mandates that all federal office buildings use the program.
Code Adam
Which of the following is being analyzed when RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) technique is being used?
DNA
A police officer is using an informant to purchase drugs at a popular bar known for drug activity. The officer tells the informant, "I don't care what you have to do, just buy drugs from anyone inside and you'll get your money!"What legal question may arise following an arrest during this operation?
Entrapment issues based on the instructions given to the informant.
Patrol and surveillance functions fall under _____.
Field operations
Which of the following is a key technology in satellite-assisted surveillance?
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Who is credited with establishing England's first police force and creating a working relationship with local business owners to reduce the profits of London's criminals?
Henry Feilding
________ is the employment of the rule of thumb that substitutes simple questions for more complex ones.
Heuristics
One of the primary investigative tools used in working undercover that typically makes the introduction is/are:I. The informantII. Agents of the opposite sexIII. Drug dealersIV. Lawyers
I
In which of the following ways has the Internet changed society?I. It has provided people with the ability to explore possible problems-whether they are physical, mental, sexual, or social.II. It enables people to have social contact with others with considerable autonomy.III. It can offer persons the chance to explore interests that may or may not be lawful or otherwise "approved" by society.
I ,II, III
When a police officer is compelled to use force, which standard or standards will courts use when determining whether such force was reasonable?I. "Standing in your shoes"II. "The actions of a reasonable officer"III. "Triangle of deadly force"
I, II
The term buy-bust refers to which undercover operation?I. Purchasing illicit drugsII. Placing an individual under arrestIII. Having an automobile accident while on duty
I, II, III
A component of the National Integrated Ballistics Information Network is called
IBIS
What is NOT one of the steps of Code Adam?
If the child is not found with 30 minutes, law enforcement is called.
Which of the following is true about writing and using field notes in the court room?
It is acceptable for a person who did not prepare the field notes to testify about their reliability.
Heard in the Supreme Court, which case dealt with the impropriety of the warrantless collection of physical evidence at a homicide scene?
Mincey v. Arizona
When Miranda warnings must be offered, in which of the following types of cases where the police wish to initiate interrogation of an arrestee must the Miranda warnings be offered to the subject?
Miranda warnings only need to be given where police want to ask questions of a person in police custody.
Which of the following is true regarding findings by researchers regarding the link between sexual offending in the "real" world and solicitation for sex in the virtual world?
More than a quarter of the online sexual predators had prior arrests for nonsexual offenses.
Which of the following statements is the BEST use of language in a police report
Ms. Anderson saw the AMC Pacer with several men inside driving near the Appleton mall.
Since the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, the United States has been fortunate to avoid subsequent terrorist attacks within its borders. Which statement below best reflects the reason for the lack of subsequent, foreign terrorist attacks in the United States?
Much of that is attributable to the efforts of enhanced intelligence resources.
Which of the following is the best interpretation of the Frye standard?
New scientific evidence may be used in court only when it has gained general acceptance in the scientific community.
In the late 1970s, the National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice awarded a grant to the RAND Corporation to undertake a nationwide study of criminal investigations by police agencies in major U.S. cities. Which of the statements below identify a major recommendation of this study?
Patrol officers should be afforded greater responsibilities in conducting preliminary investigations, providing greater case-screening capabilities for investigators while eliminating redundancy.
Who vastly expanded research into human blood during the early twentieth century?
Paul Uhelnhuth
What is a major provision of "Megan's Law"?
Permits law enforcement to provide information on registered sex offenders to the general public, resulting in numerous publicly accessible websites
________ National Detective Agency, founded in 1850, was the basis of the organizational structure of the FBI.
Pinkerton
Sandi and her boyfriend, Raul Pelig, had been accused of robbing a city jeweler at his small shop. At the time of the robbery, the female robber had a respiratory cold, and she sneezed into a tissue and wiped her mouth. The female robber left the tissue at the scene which allowed evidence technicians to obtain a DNA sample. The actual robbers left fingerprints on the jeweler's counter and following Sandi and Raul Pelig's arrest, evidence experts noted a match between the booking fingerprints of Sandi and Raul Pelig and the ones take from the crime scene. The jeweler identified both Sandi and Raul Pelig as the robbers from a lineup conducted following their arrest. The grand jury has ordered Sandi to give a DNA sample to compare with the DNA from the tissue. Sandi and Raul Pelig would like to suppress all of the evidence on grounds that to use the evidence would violate their privilege against self-incrimination and Sandi contends that she should not have to give a DNA sample. From analysis of the rules concerning the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination,
Sandi cannot be forced to help the prosecution by giving the grand jury a DNA sample from her mouth.
A woman called police from a public phone and refused to identify herself. She told the police a suspect had shown her marijuana in his car and told her that in a few minutes he would be driving to a specified geographical area with the drugs. The informant provided investigators specific details about the suspect's vehicle and license plate number. The police followed up on the information given to them by the concerned citizen and located the vehicle. They stopped the vehicle, conducted a search, and found drugs in the car. The suspect was subsequently arrested.Which statement below best reflects the credibility of the informant and the legality of the police actions?
Since the woman did not identify herself, the woman is not legally credible and as a result, the officers did not have probable cause to search the vehicle and arrest the suspect.
By around 1800, the first well-known investigators in England were not paid as police officers but rather, were paid a percentage of all fines resulting from successful prosecution of thieves. These investigators soon became known as ________.
The Bow Street Runners
Review the following facts from Arizona v. Gant (2009). Police officers arrested Rodney Gant for driving with a suspended license. After he was handcuffed and locked in the back of a patrol car, officers searched his car and found cocaine in a jacket located on the backseat. Gant moved to suppress the cocaine found by police.How did the U.S. Supreme Court rule on the search incident to arrest issue in this case?
The Court held that the search-incident-to-arrest exception to the Fourth Amendment's warrant requirement did NOT justify the search in this case because the arrestee was not within reaching distance of the passenger compartment at the time of the search.
Generally speaking, how does the U.S. Supreme Court treat searches that are conducted by police without a warrant?
The Court presumes that the searches are unreasonable.
A 15-year-old girl is reported missing to the police by her parents, and the following is learned by the responding officer:The parents are in shock as their daughter is a good student and there is no apparent reason for her to run away, no fights with her parents or other factors known to either parent. She was discovered missing when the mother came home from work at 6:00 p.m. and her daughter should have been home for hours. There were no notes and she is now missing for over four hours. The girl is somewhat of a loner (no known friends), and spends a lot of time in her room studying. She is an "A" student. She has a computer in her room and it is connected to the Internet. She has talked to her parents about new friends she has made in chat rooms. After checking her room, her mother found that her suitcase is missing along with all of her "fun money."Based on the information above, what is the best theory (at this point. behind the child's status, and what should the officer investigating the case do next?
The child has been lured by an Internet predator and the child's computer should be checked for information and clues as to the perpetrator's identity and/or location.
A police officer responds to an armed robbery and sees the suspect wearing a ski mask and carrying a gun get into a car. The police officer pursues the suspect and there is a car chase. Eventually the suspect stops and surrenders to police. After the suspect is arrested, handcuffed, and put into the back seat of a patrol car, the suspect vehicle is searched. Subsequently, a ski mask, a 9mm handgun, and $41,302 cash is recovered by the officer.Based on the Gant decision, what is the likely disposition of the physical evidence that was recovered by the officer?
The evidence is likely to be admitted because it is reasonable to believe the vehicle contained evidence of the arrest.
A police officer notices a man looking into a store repeatedly. The man is wearing dark clothing and a hat that is obscuring his face. Additionally, the man's right hand never leaves his right jacket pocket and a suspicious bulge in the same pocket of some sort is evident.Which statement below correctly identifies the officer's constitutional actions?
The officer may conduct a stop and frisk to investigate the intentions of the man. The man may not walk away.
A woman contacted police and identified herself. She told the police a suspect had shown her marijuana in his car and told her that in a few minutes he would be driving to a specified geographical area with the drugs. The informant provided investigators specific details about the suspect's vehicle and license plate number. The police followed up on the information given to them by the concerned citizen and located the vehicle. They stopped the vehicle, conducted a search, and found drugs in the car. The suspect was subsequently arrested.Which statement below best reflects the credibility of the informant and the legality of the police actions (State v. Lindquist)?
The woman is credible, and the officers had probable cause to search the vehicle and arrest the suspect.
An undercover police officer approached a suspected drug dealer in a bar. The undercover officer purchased a beer for the suspect and began a conversation about sports. The officer then told the suspect that he was out of a job and was wondering how he was going to pay his rent and other bills. The suspect became comfortable with the officer and said, "Are you looking to make a little money?" The officer replied, "I would love to make some cash. What do you have in mind?" The suspect said, "I'm looking for some help in selling some Oxy. Are you interested?" Based on the undercover operation above, what can be said about the issue of entrapment?
There is no entrapment because the officer provided an opportunity to commit a crime.
Unless the patrol officer is able to make an immediate, on-scene arrest, 12 essential questions need direct answers to determine the solvability of the case. Based on the following facts, use the solvability factors identified in the text to answer the solvability question in this case:A 32-year-old woman was physically assaulted by her live-in boyfriend. He used a lamp to strike the woman in the back of the head while she was attempting to escape his grasp during an argument. The man left the scene prior to police arriving.
This case is highly solvable. Collect statements and evidence, obtain an arrest warrant, document the scene and refer the woman to the domestic abuse shelter for counseling and services.
During a pretrial hearing in a murder case, a defense attorney is attempting to suppress a photograph from trial that was legally obtained by the police. The photograph in question is a picture of a deceased six-year-old male victim, nude, with multiple stab wounds, mutilated appendages, and large amounts of blood. Assuming the picture was properly authenticated, what is the likely rationale for the judge to suppress this photo?
This photograph is a prejudicial image.
Physical evidence may be obtained from:
Victim, suspect, crime scene
Which of the following is true regarding the interviewing of witnesses at a crime scene?
When circumstances permit, the neighborhood surrounding the crime scene should be canvassed to identify additional witnesses and other persons who may have information bearing upon the crime scene.
Prima facie evidence is evidence established by law that at face value proves a fact in dispute. Which of the following is an example of prima facie evidence?
Wisconsin state law states that anyone with a blood alcohol content over .08 is operating illegally on Wisconsin highways.
Which of the following is the earliest indicator of the process of lividity in a deceased person?
a dark purplish color forming on the skin
Which of the following is the best example of a questioned document?
a handwritten note from a murder suspect
Sketches provide a means of documenting the ________ location of evidence items.
accurate
Shaken baby syndrome is an example of:
acute maltreatment
The initial task of the police upon receipt of a report of a forcible rape which has just occurred is to ________.
aid the victim
Which of the following should be included in a police officer's field notes?
all of these should be in an officer's field notes
The "core area" of police intelligence process is ________.
analysis-interpretation
Generally, when should police officers begin to take notes?
as soon as an officer gets a call to the scene of a crime
The public rejection of electronic eavesdropping most likely originates in ________.
aversion to an invasion of privacy
Which of the following items is likely to contain DNA evidence?
bedsheet
Police arrested Kacy for theft from the electronics section of the local Best Buy store. Video surveillance was not working in that department of Best Buy that day, but Kacy was unaware of what type of system was in use. After the arrest and after being taken to an interrogation room, police asked some questions without offering the Miranda warnings. Police told her that they had video of her taking the two I-Pods from the store without paying for them. Police told her that things would go easier if she just told the truth. Believing that the police had sufficient evidence, Kacy owned up to the larceny. The two officers took a coffee break before returning to the interrogation room. One of the officers said, "By the way, we need you to listen to some warnings we have to give to you before officially asking you any questions." After the Miranda warnings were read, the officers asked if Kacy wanted to talk. She figured that since she had already admitted her criminal involvement in the I-Pod theft, no additional harm could be done by telling it again. On these facts
both the first and the second interrogations must be excluded consistent with the principles of Miranda v. Arizona.
A pre-school teacher is worried about Brandon, a four-year-old boy who often shows external signs of injury. On Monday, Brandon came to school with skinned knees and bruises to the elbows, and bruised bump on his forehead. The teacher calls the police who along with social services, confirm that these are the only injuries the boy has. When asked about how he got the injuries Brandon said, "I was riding my bike." What is the likely conclusion the police and social services would have regarding the injuries to Brandon?
brandon is likely experiencing accidental injuries during play
What is NOT a classic medical symptom associated with infant shaking?
bruising
When first encountering a witness or victim, it is important for the investigator to allow the person to state in his or her own words what occurred. How is this best accomplished? You Answered
by asking the simple question, what happened?
________ results when an object swung in an arc flings blood onto nearby surfaces.
castoff
An investigator is working on a missing child case where a 14-year-old girl suddenly disappeared with no apparent reason. The investigator determined there was no recent fight between the child and parents, yet the child was gone one day when the parents returned from work. Which of the following would be an investigative priority for the investigator?
check the child's computer
Joe takes his computer in to be repaired. While repairing the computer the tech finds pictures on the computer depicting the use of a minor engaging in sexually explicit conduct. Joe is charged with:
child pornography
Battered child syndrome is an example of:
chronic maltreatment
Most chemical agents are seized by law enforcement officers in connection with ________ drug manufacturing operations.
clandestine
Officer Seal was interrogating a suspect of a robbery. During the interrogation he told the suspect that if he did not confess he would also arrest the suspect's brother for participating in the crime even though the officer had no knowledge of the suspect's brother's involvement. What type of confession is Officer Seal trying to obtain?
coerced confession
What is a "pen register"?
device that records numbers dialed from a telephone
This type of interview is used to enhance a witness's ability to recall events by reinstating the context of the event, recalling the event in a different sequence, and looking at the event from a different perspective.
cognitive
When interviewing a person, the investigator should be aware that the person's age, intelligence, mental state, and level of intoxication could all affect that person's ability to testify at trial. These issues relate to the person's ________.
competency
Sketches do not replace notes and photographs, but ________ these modes of crime scene documentation.
complement
The Amber Alert makes use of all but which of the following?
computers
In most jurisdictions, the ________ must be apprised of a suspected homicide.
coroner
When interviewing a subject, the investigator notices that the person uses racially biased comments and slurs. The investigator should take note of these comments as they relate to that person's ________.
credibility
If a victim's fingerprint is found on an object, the conclusion that the victim definitely touched the object at one time is found by using:
deductive reasoning
Forensic databases are maintained for all of the following except:
dental impressions
The role of the criminal investigator in a child abuse case is to:
determine who is responsible for committing the crime and whether a crime has been committed
Prevention through ________ is sometimes achieved by arresting the criminal and by aggressive prosecution.
deterrence
Jose, who had been arrested for a robbery, had been advised by a detective in accordance with the requirements of the Miranda warnings that he was not obligated to answer any questions and that he could remain silent if he wished. Jose made a written acknowledgment that he had received the Miranda warnings and declined to discuss the robbery. The police officers involved immediately ceased efforts at interrogation. Several hours later, after giving new Miranda warnings, a different officer, a detective, questioned Jose solely about an unrelated murder. Jose made incriminating statements about the murder. The second round of interrogation initiated by the detective concerning the murder
does not deviate from Miranda principles since there is a duty on the arrestee to notify any second interrogators what he has told earlier interrogators, and there is no evidence that Jose told the detective about his earlier conversations
Which of the following types of cases might covert information collection be used for?
drug distribution
Which is least likely to be a valid surveillance activity?
electronic eavesdropping
Gunshot wounds consist of two basic types:
entrance and exit wounds
________ can be stored in vehicle trunks, strongboxes, property rooms, locked file cabinets, evidence lockers or vaults.
evidence
What type of abduction is involved when one family member takes or keeps a child away from another family member in violation of that person's court ordered custodial rights?
family abduction
Tools, tires, feet, and teeth can all make ________.
impressions
DNA profiles (types) are thought of as ________ characteristics.
individual
Which element of securing a crime scene involves removing persons other than law enforcement officers or other officials actively engaging in crime scene duties from the premises?
interior of the crime scene area should be cleared
A police officer stops a car for a traffic violation. The officer conducts a legal search of the vehicle after obtaining consent from the driver. The officer discovered stolen property and a large amount of illegal prescription drugs in the car. The driver is given a choice to be charged with felony possession with intent to deliver a controlled substance or cooperate with the police to identify and arrest the source of the drugs.What process is the officer using?
legal coercion
For every photograph taken at a crime scene, which of the following is an unnecessary detail to record?
lighting at the crime scene
What is one of the most common methods of data description and integration?
link analysis
During the data collection and analysis phase, the following relationships were discovered:What analysis system is being used by the investigators to show the relationship between the individuals?
link analysis charting
The ________ exchange principle also known as transfer of evidence theory, states that when two items touch, there will be an exchange.
locard
Which one of the following statements is true regarding arrests in the United States?
making an arrest is a dangerous process for a police officer
The determination regarding the death of the victim and circumstances surrounding the death are typically made by the ________ examiner.
medical
When conducting the walkthrough, a slow and ________ approach is recommended.
methodical
What cases can involve property value up to $1500, and auto larceny cases?
misdemeanors
The most common defenses to the charge of rape are ________.
mistaken identity and an albi for the time of the rape
A 5-year-old boy is hospitalized with an unknown illness. This is his third hospitalization for vomiting and stomach pains over the past year. While hospitalized this time he continues to get worse. His blood test reveals a presence of a poison that would explain the symptoms. Tests over the next few days show an increase of the poison in his blood. Besides the medical staff, his only visitor is his mother. He may be a victim of:
munchausen's sydrome by proxy
A(n) ________ canvass can have significant impact on the outcome of an investigation and should be taken seriously and not performed haphazardly.
neighborhood
Which of the following statement is NOT true concerning Sudden Infant Death Syndrome?
often the result of undetected child abuse
Notorious ____ gangs of the Old West have interested people for decades.
outlaw
What is the legal term that asserts the government's role in protecting the interests of children and intervening when parents fail to provide proper care?
parens patriae
A person who has been arrested for a criminal offense and agrees to cooperate with investigators to supply information concerning others involved in criminal activity is known as what type of informant?
participant
The collection of standard/reference samples at the crime scene is important because they
permit comparisons to be made with the evidence
Which of the following is part of overt collection?
personal interaction with victims of crimes
A police officer is investigating a robbery. The stolen vehicle that was used in the crime has been located. During a careful search for fingerprints using only a flashlight and careful observation, a latent print is clearly visible on the car door handle. What should the officer do first?
photograph the print before attempts are made to develop it
Physical evidence can be defined as ________ associated with a crime or tort.
physical objects
Of the various types of rapist profiles that have been identified, which is the most common?
power rapist
The type of rapist who may express a desire to see his victim again is classified as a(n) ________.
power rapist
This type of child molester is potentially most dangerous to children.
preferential offender
In most situations, the precursory investigative phase is known as the ________ investigation.
preliminary
The follow-up investigation should build on what has been learned in during what process of the investigation?
preliminary investigation
Which aspect of homicide investigations is most prone to error?
preserving the crime scene
What is the most significant characteristic of "date" rape as opposed to the "blitz" rape?
prior relationship
Researchers suggest that the investigative process is a valid utility in crime detention but should be augmented by the use of ________ patrol programs.
proactive
Because of televeision crime dramas, jurors today expect more categorical ____ than forensic science is capable of delivering.
proof
A polygraph records respiration, electrodermal response, and
pulse rate and blood pressure
In which of the stages of decomposition does marbelization occur?
putrefaction stage
Which of the following is indicative of an exit wound?
ragged or torn appearance
The ________ response addresses crimes that have already occurred.
reactive
A police officer stops a car for a traffic violation. The officer conducts a legal search of the vehicle after obtaining consent from the driver. The officer discovered three ounces of cocaine in the car. The driver is given a choice to be charged with felony possession with intent to deliver a controlled substance or cooperate with the police to identify and arrest the source of the cocaine.What may motivate the driver to become an informant in this case? In other words, identify the category of informant the driver is most likely to fall under?
reformed informant
An investigator in plain clothes is conducting surveillance from an undercover (U.C.) van parked in a high crime area. He observes suspicious activity on a street corner known as a busy drug sales area. A suspect receives a wad of money and immediately walks away from the small group. The suspect begins to walk quickly and is heading south, and the investigator will lose sight of the suspect soon. The investigator has a second, backup investigator in plain clothes across the street on a bench.Based on the facts in this situation, what is the best surveillance method the investigator should utilize in order to track the suspect?
the investigator should use the ABS method to follow the suspect
A police officer has been called to a domestic abuse complaint. The officer knocks on the door and is invited in by the victim. When talking to the victim, the officer sees marijuana and cocaine on the kitchen table. What may the officer do in this situation?
the officer may seize the evidence because it is in plain view
A police officer has probable cause to arrest Sam, a man who is carrying a back-pack. What may the officer search, incident to a lawful arrest in this situation?
the officer may thoroughly search Sam and his backpack
A police officer is investigating a sexual assault and recovered the underwear that was worn by the victim after the assault. How should the officer package the evidence so as not to damage potential DNA evidence?
the officer should make sure the evidence is air dried, then sealed in a paper bag
Two police officers are investigating a child abuse and neglect case and during the walk-through, it was evident that significant evidence is located in the child's bedroom. What search method should the officers use to most effectively search the child's room?
the quadrant or zone search method
Which is NOT true about undercover police agents?
their work is completely safe
________ catchers were recruited from the riffraff of the streets to aid law-enforcement officials in locating criminals.
thief
Why should entries into crime scenes be conducted only when necessary?
to avoid the destruction or contamination of important evidence
For which purpose will an officer most likely broadcast a flash description?
to enable other officers to quickly apprehend a suspect still in the vicinity
For which of the following purposes does an officer use FI cards?
to jot down notes about suspicious persons during a watch
Which unit has the responsibility for the examination of body fluids and organs for the presence of drugs and poisons?
toxicology unit
Clothing worn by the victim before/during the assault may have ________ evidence transferred from the suspect.
trace
An investigator finds possible textile fibers and animal hair on a nude homicide victim. Which crime laboratory forensic unit identifies and compares textile fibers and animal hair that may have been transferred during the commission of this violent crime?
trace evidence unit
The "Locard principle" states that a ________ of physical evidence may occur when there is contact between two individuals.
transfer
In the case of Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceutical, Inc., the U.S. Supreme Court advocated that a "gatekeeper" determine the admissibility and reliability of scientific evidence. This gatekeeper is the:
trial judge
On a hot Florida day, Detective Dave Furhman finally solved a tough case. He arrested the kidnapper of a young girl and slapped handcuffs on him. The kidnap victim was believed to be hidden inside the trunk of an automobile parked in a nearby parking garage. Her condition and precise location was unknown to Furhman but, in his haste to find out which car in which she was hidden, he immediately asked the arrestee, "Which car is the girl in?" The arrestee answered that she was inside the trunk of a red four-door 2008 Chevrolet Malibu in the adjacent parking garage. Detective Furhman shouted to a fellow officer, "Read him his rights! I gotta get the girl out of the trunk!" The fellow officer read the Miranda rights to the arrestee at this time. On these facts, Detective Furhman Correct Answer
will be permitted to testify about what the arrestee said to him concerning the girl's location under an exception to the Miranda warnings.
