Criminal Justice chapter 13

Ace your homework & exams now with Quizwiz!

One of the biggest issues with sex offender registers is that: A)they do not make distinctions among different types of sex offenders. B)offenders must pay to register. C)they do not provide an address for the offender. D)they do not provide pictures of the offender.

A)they do not make distinctions among different types of sex offenders.

Most parole failures occur within the first ________ of release. A)year B)5 years C)2 months D)2 years

A)year

The ________ abolished parole for offenders at the federal level. A)Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 B)Uniform Code of Military Justice C)Bail Reform Act D)Federal Sentencing Guidelines

A)Sentencing Reform Act of 1984

A(n) ________ is an intermediate sanction that is used in place of incarceration. A)prison B)diversion C)jail D)arson

B)diversion

Sex offender registers: A)act as a deterrent to repeat sex offenders. B)do not act as a deterrent to repeat offenders. C)effectively protect society from repeat offenders. D)are extremely expensive

B)do not act as a deterrent to repeat offenders.

Which of the following is NOT a standard or traditional probation condition? A) Drug and alcohol treatment B) Remaining crime-free C) Reporting regularly to a probation officer D) Finding and maintaining employment or attending school or educational programs

A) Drug and alcohol treatment

Which of the following demographic groups best describes most parolees in the United States? A) Young, poor, minority males B) Young, poor, minority females C) Young, poor, white females D) Young, poor, white males

A) Young, poor, minority males

John Smith is a first-time offender convicted of a nonviolent crime. The judge does not believe he is a threat to public safety and wants to give him the chance to remain in the community and be rehabilitated, so he sentences him to 6 months of community corrections under court supervision, with specific conditions that he must follow. John has most likely been sentenced to: A) probation. B) a halfway house. C) parole. D) a restitution center.

A) probation.

José is on parole in Miami County. His parole officer provides many services to him, such as helping him find housing, employment, and medical care. His parole officer also makes sure that he is at work when he is supposed to be, adheres to his curfew, and takes regular drug tests. Supervising José and making sure he adheres to his parole conditions and tests clean for drugs are part of the ________ role. A) supervisory B) caseworker C) service D) assistance

A) supervisory

Approximately 70 percent of the parolees who are returned to prison have committed a: A) technical violation. B) property crime. C) drug crime. D) violent crime.

A) technical violation.

To measure the success of probation, a measure of recidivism is often used—specifically, ________. A) whether the offender has been rearrested B) whether the offender violated probation conditions C) whether the offender has attended rehabilitation programs D) whether the offender has been reincarcerated

A) whether the offender has been rearrested

About ________ of ordered restitution is actually collected. A)7 percent B)10 percent C)65 percent D)25 percent

A)7 percent

Which of the following is NOT considered a technical violation? A)Robbing the corner liquor store B)Failing to meet the curfew specified by the probation agreement C)Associating with known criminals D)Failing to meet with the probation officer as specified by the probation conditions

A)Robbing the corner liquor store

Between 2008 and 2012, the number of parole violators returned to prison had: A)decreased. B)increased at a rate faster than that of offenders returning to prison after the successful completion of their parole term. C)remained steady. D)increased

A)decreased.

A)house arrest.

In addition to information about the offender and his or her past, the probation officer includes a ________ in the presentence investigation report. A)risk assessment on releasing the offender B)fine amount C)prediction on future offense D)restitution amount

A)risk assessment on releasing the offender

There are two reasons a parolee can have his or her parole revoked. If a parolee's parole ` were revoked because, for 4 weeks in a row, he or she failed a weekly drug and alcohol test, failed to report to his or her parole officer, or was found to be associating with known felons, it would have been revoked because of the commission of: A)technical violations .B)misdemeanors. C)felonies. D)new crimes.

A)technical violations

Sex offender registers require offenders convicted of sex offenses to register: A)their address with local law enforcement. B)with local schools. C)with the county jail. D)with a sex offender treatment program

A)their address with local law enforcement.

The main difference between community corrections and institutional corrections is that: A)institutional corrections are more effective than community corrections. B)community corrections allow offenders to serve their sentence in the community. C)community corrections are more focused on rehabilitation. D)institutional corrections are more focused on rehabilitation.

B)community corrections allow offenders to serve their sentence in the community.

Which of the following statements best describes the purpose of shock probation? A)To administer a series of electric shocks to an offender in an effort to alter his or her criminal behavior B)To combine a prison or jail sentence to "shock" offenders with probation in an effort to deter them from future criminal behavior C)To incarcerate an offender for a long period of time to "shock" him or her out of his or her criminal behavior D)To harshly punish offenders who have committed very minor offenses

B)To combine a prison or jail sentence to "shock" offenders with probation in an effort to deter them from future criminal behavior

Jim has been convicted of a nonviolent offense and has been sentenced by the judge to spend one hundred unpaid hours working in a local playground that is being painted and rebuilt. Jim has been sentenced to: A)parole. B)community service. C)probation. D)restitution.

B)community service

Approximately ________ of offenders were under adult correctional supervision in 2016. A)22 percent B)56 percent C)75 percent D)63 percent

B)56 percent

The first probation officer was: A)Zebulon Brockway. B)John Augustus. C)Alexander Machonochie. D)August Vollmer

B)John Augustus.

Spencer has been convicted of possession of cocaine. His sentence includes 6 months of being restricted to his home at all times, unless he is working, at school, or attending a treatment program. In order to keep track of him, Spencer must wear a transmitter around his ankle that sends a signal to correctional employees. A broken signal indicates that Spencer has left his home when he is not permitted to leave. Spencer has been sentenced to home confinement combined with: A)community service. B)electronic monitoring. C)home monitoring. D)technical corrections.

B)electronic monitoring.

Jeff is under community supervision in Los Angeles County for committing a felony. He has a prior record, so his community supervision entails mandated restitution, house arrest, and biweekly meetings with his probation officer. Jeff is most likely serving: A)rehabilitative probation. B)intensive-supervision probation. C)mandatory arrest. D)traditional probation

B)intensive-supervision probation

Intermediate sanctions are: A)short prison sentences. B)more restrictive than traditional probation but less restrictive than prison or jail. C)short jail sentences. D)used for juveniles only.

B)more restrictive than traditional probation but less restrictive than prison or jail.

There are two goals of probation. One is to protect society. The other is to: A)reduce recidivism. B)rehabilitate the offender. C)deter offenders. D)save money.

B)rehabilitate the offender

Dustin has been convicted of driving under the influence, his third offense. As a result of driving under the influence, he crashed his car into the front porch of his neighbor's home as he was trying to pull into his driveway. As part of his sentence, the judge ordered Dustin to pay a sum of money to his neighbor to compensate for the damage caused. The judge also ordered Dustin to pay a sum of money to the court for his crime. The money paid to the neighbor to compensate for the damage to his porch is a: A)fine. B)restitution. C)forfeiture. D)day fine.

B)restitution.

Sally has just finished serving an 8- to 10-year sentence. She was granted release by a board assembled to determine if she is eligible to return to the community. Because this group of people felt that she was no longer a threat to the community, they decided to release her from prison. Sally has been released through: A)conditional release. B)probation release. C)discretionary release. D)mandatory release.

C)discretionary release.

Modern parole is typically administered at the state and ________ levels of government. A)county B)national C)federal D)municipal

C)federal

Dustin has been convicted of driving under the influence, his third offense. As a result of driving under the influence, he crashed his car into the front porch of his neighbor's home as he was trying to pull into his driveway. As part of his sentence, the judge ordered Dustin to pay a sum of money to his neighbor to compensate for the damage caused. The judge also ordered Dustin to pay a sum of money to the court for his crime. The money paid to the court is a: A)forfeiture. B)day fine. C)fine. D)restitution.

C)fine.

By the end of 2016, there were approximately ________ adults on parole in the United States. A) 1,000,000 B) 500,000 C) 874,800 D) 2,000,000

C) 874,800

Dustin has been convicted of driving under the influence, his third offense. As a result of driving under the influence, he crashed his car into the front porch of his neighbor's home as he was trying to pull into his driveway. As part of his sentence, the judge ordered Dustin to pay a sum of money to his neighbor to compensate for the damage caused. The judge also ordered Dustin to pay a sum of money to the court for his crime. To determine this amount, the judge used a formula that considered the severity of Dustin's offense, his daily income, and the number of children he has. The money paid to the court, based on Dustin's income and familial responsibilities, is a: A) restitution. B) forfeiture. C) day fine. D) fine.

C) day fine.

Compared to Whites, Blacks and Latinos were more likely to receive ________ sentences in 2009. A) jail B) community corrections C) prison D) community service

C) prison

Chris has been convicted of embezzling $150,000 from his employer. Part of his sentence is to pay back the money that he embezzled. Chris has been sentenced to pay a: A) forfeiture. B) day fine. C) restitution. D) fine.

C) restitution

Homer is incarcerated in the Michigan State Prison. He is permitted to leave each day to work in the community but must return to the prison each night. Homer is released daily on: A) community corrections. B) parole. C) work release. D) probation.

C) work release.

Many states use ________ to monitor sex offenders. A)specialized parole agents B)ankle tethers C)GPS tracking devices D)home confinement

C)GPS tracking devices

Which of the following is NOT one of the rights that probationers are entitled to when they are facing probation revocation? A)The right to confront and challenge evidence and witnesses B)The right to receive written notice of the charges against them C)The right to a jury trial D)The right to present evidence on their behalf

C)The right to a jury trial

Which of the following groups of released offenders had highest (though by a very small margin) recidivism rates? A)Those on mandatory parole release B)Those on conditional parole release C)Those on unconditional release D)Those on discretionary parole release

C)Those on unconditional release

Bill and Tom are both on probation. Bill has committed a felony and must report monthly to his probation officer. Tom, on the other hand, committed a misdemeanor and does not have to report monthly. He simply has to fill out forms each month, notifying his probation officer of any changes in address, employment, or school. Bill is under ________ supervision. A)passive B)aggressive C)active

C)active

One of the goals of intermediate sanctions is to divert: A)juveniles into the adult criminal justice system. B)an offender into the criminal justice system C)an offender from prison. D)an offender from probation.

C)an offender from prison.

Chris has been convicted of embezzling $150,000 from his employer. With this money, he purchased a boat, a motorcycle, and several pieces of expensive jewelry for his girlfriend. As part of his sentence, the judge allows law enforcement authorities to confiscate any property that Chris purchased with the embezzled money. The ability of law enforcement to confiscate Chris's property that was purchased with the embezzled money is referred to as: A)a fine .B)restitution. C)forfeiture.

C)forfeiture

Someone who is required to sign in and out of the facility while they attend work, school, or treatment is in a: A)diversion. B)furlough. C)halfway house. D)parole board.

C)halfway house.

Violating probation conditions could result in: A)incarceration in prison. B)a fine. C)revocation of probation. D)restitution.

C)revocation of probation

Although intensive supervision probation programs vary, one of the main characteristics that most programs share is: A)restitution. B)community service hours. C)small caseloads. D)mandated drug and alcohol treatment.

C)small caseloads.

Dan has just completed a 10-year prison sentence for aggravated assault. He has not been released on parole, and he is not subject to any supervision in the community either. Dan has been released on: A)mandatory release. B)discretionary release. C)unconditional release. D)conditional release.

C)unconditional release

Children are most likely to be molested by: A)teachers and coaches. B)neighbors. C)strangers. D)family members

D)family members

The goal of restorative justice is: A)capitally punishing criminals. B)to look for retribution in the criminal justice system. C)encouraging the general public to take the law into their own hands. D)for healing and forgiveness to replace punishment and retribution.

D)for healing and forgiveness to replace punishment and retribution.

A residential facility, where offenders live while they are transitioning into the community and receive counseling, education, and treatment, is a: A)technical rule violator center. B)restitution center. C)day reporting center. D)halfway house

D)halfway house

Which of the following is a problem with risk-based assessment instruments? A) They underestimate the odds of a person reoffending. B) They fail to assist in determining the kind of supervision that probationers and parolees will need on the street. C) They fail to determine appropriate treatments. D) They punish some offenders for future crimes they are not likely to commit.

D) They punish some offenders for future crimes they are not likely to commit.

In general, research has found that intensive-supervision probation: A) effectively reduces recidivism. B) effectively rehabilitates offenders. C) costs more than incarceration. D) does not clearly reduce recidivism or enhance rehabilitation.

D) does not clearly reduce recidivism or enhance rehabilitation.

Sally has just finished serving an 8- to 10-year prison sentence for a drug offense. She was granted release by a board assembled to determine if an offender may return to his or her community to serve the remainder of his or her sentence. This board was made up of citizens with experience in criminal justice and related fields. Sally's release decision was made by the: A) probation board. B) board of reparation. C) board of pardons. D) parole board.

D) parole board

The average cost of services for state probationers was ________ as compared to $29,000 for each inmate. A)$7,500 B)$10,000 C)$5,750 D)$1,250

D)$1,250

One of the main goals of community corrections is: A)preventing institutionalization. B)allowing offenders to remain in the community. C)reducing recidivism. D)All of the answers are correct

D)All of the answers are correct

Intermediate sanctions ________. A)might require offenders to live in a halfway house while continuing to work B)might require offenders to be closely monitored by an electronic monitoring device C)require offenders to take responsibility for their actions D)All of the answers are correct.