Criminal Justice Test 2 (EMCC)

Which of the following is *not* a focus of community policing? A. Order maintenance B. Emergency service C. Crime fighting D. Problem solving

C. Crime fighting

The vice squad specializes in: A. Violent crime B. Property crime C. Crimes of public morals D. Sex crime

C. Crimes of public morals

Which of the following is *not* notable achievements made by police departments in the 1990s? A. A new internal review of discipline was implemented B. The intellectual caliber of the police rose C. Police applied empirical data to their decision making D. Police became more diverse in race and gender

A. A new internal review of discipline was implemented

What is Operation Ceasefire? A. A problem-oriented policing program in Boston to get guns off the street B. A community-oriented policing program in Chicago aimed at auto theft C. A crime mapping program in Dallas designed to plot gun crimes D. A civilian review board initiative in New York

A. A problem-oriented policing program in Boston to get guns off the street

Customs and Border Protection is primarily responsible for America's borders and points of entry but also encompasses what other area instrumental in that protection? A. Animal and Plant Health Inspection B. Protection of notional leaders when they leave US borders C. Investigating illegal drug use D. Untaxed liquor and cigarettes

A. Animal and Plant Health Inspection

____ created the first formal US police department in 1838 A. Boston B. New York City C. Philadelphia D. Chicago

A. Boston

In its recommendations on Policy and Oversight, the President's Task Force on the 21st Century Policing recommended that policies on use of force, gender identification, and racial profiling should also include provisions for what? A. Collection of demographic data B. Implementing new technologies to improve policies C. Civilian oversight of the polices D. Extra training for each policy enacted

A. Collection of demographic data

Intelligence-led policing relies heavily on which of the following A. Confidential informants and suspect surveillance B. Victim surveillance and offender interviews C. Community sources of information and witness interviews D. Offender interviews and citizen complaints

A. Confidential informants and suspect surveillance

An officer approaches a group of teenagers standing in a parking lot, drinking beer. She checks them for gang symbols and calls into the station to ascertain if any of them have active warrants. This officer typifies which officer style? A. Crime fighter B. Social agent C. Law enforcer D. Watchman

A. Crime fighter

Used to describe the use of computer software to identify geographic "hot spots" where a majority of predatory crimes are concentrated A. Crime mapping B. Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) C. Data mining D. Systems analysis

A. Crime mapping

What is the term used to describe those police officers that accept payoffs when their everyday duties place them in a position to be solicited by the public? A. Grass eaters B. Meat eaters C. Passive criminality D. Selective enforcement or nonenforcement

A. Grass eaters

What was a result of the Kansas City Gun Experiment? A. Gun crimes decreased in the target area during the experiment B. Assaults on police officers increased in the target area C. Gun crimes in the target area marginally increased D. Gun crimes were displaced to contiguous beats

A. Gun crimes decreased in the target area during the experiment

What was one of August Vollmer's greatest contributions to police professionalism? A. Instituted university training for young officers B. Established the first formal police academy in the United States C. Was the first president of the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) D. Created the first special weapons and tactics (SWAT) team

A. Instituted university training for young officers

Which of the following is *not* part of the three-pronged approach contemporary detectives typically take to flesh out the narrative of the crime A. Interviews only B. Specific focus C. Information D. General coverage

A. Interviews only

Which of the following is a commonly cited source of ineffective investigation? A. Length of investigation B. Too many sources of information C. Lack of rapid response D. All of these

A. Length of investigation

What US Supreme Court decision set forth objective standards for questioning by police A. Miranda v. Arizona B. Graham v. Connor C. Sherman v. California D. Tennessee v. Garner

A. Miranda v. Arizona

The Mollen Commission is an example of what type of effort to control police corruption? A. Outside review boards or special prosecutors B. Civil litigation C. Citizen review board D. Internal review board

A. Outside review boards or special prosecutors

Which of the following is *not* a factor that distinguishes private policing from public policing? A. Private policing focuses their efforts on public and private property B. Private police are concerned almost solely with prevention C. Private policing is concerned more on loss prevention than on crime D. Private policing often employs private justice

A. Private policing focuses their efforts on public and private property

Community-oriented policing links police effectiveness to: A. Productive interaction with the community being served B. Interrelationships between cooperative police agencies C. Efficient utilization of existing personnel D. Optimized usage of advanced technology

A. Productive interaction with the community being served

Which of the following is a branch of the DHS A. Secret Service B. FBI C. USMS D. ATF

A. Secret Service

In medieval England, the senior law enforcement figure in a county was __________, who is today referred to as a sheriff. A. Shire Reeve B. Constable C. Peacemaker D. Watch commander

A. Shire Reeve

What US Supreme Court case deemed the use of deadly force against an unarmed and nondangerous fleeing felon an illegal seizure of their person under the Fourth Amendment? A. Tennessee v. Garner B. Graham v. Conner C. Gregg v. Georgia D. US v. Weeks

A. Tennessee v. Garner

Which of the following is *not* a common stressor police face on the job? A. Too much choice and opportunity B. Poor training C. Internal conflict D. Exposure to brutality

A. Too much choice and opportunity

What federal agency is responsible for witness security? A. USMS B. FBI C. DHS D. Secret Service

A. USMS

UCR data suggests that the average police officer makes ______ arrest every months. A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8

B. 4

First technological breakthrough in policing came in the following area A. Transportation B. Communication C. Regulation D. Administration

B. Communication

What technology has allowed precinct commanders to analyze how crime is clustered geographically in their precinct and how patrol officers are being deployed A. Drones B. CompStat C. Automated license plate recognition D. Crime mapping

B. CompStat

Which of the following is *not* one of the six situations in which a warrantless search is valid A. Stop and frisk of someone officers have reasonable suspicion has committed or intends to commit a crime B. Consent search where someone consents for an adult family member to be searched by officers C. Automobile search if there is probable cause to believe the car was involved in a crime D. Plain-view search where an object can be freely inspected if it can be seen by the general public

B. Consent search where someone consents for an adult family member to be searched by officers

Which of the following is true A. Criminal investigators serves mostly to support patrol work B. Detectives are often handicapped by limited time money and resources C. Criminal investigators solve the crime without regard for the legal consequences of their actions D. All of these statements are true

B. Detectives are often handicapped by limited time money and resources

The idea that aggressive policing makes criminals more worried about getting caught and therefore less likely to commit crime is known as A. Decreasing arrests model B. Deterrent effect C. Order maintenance D. Broken window model

B. Deterrent effect

What term is used to describe the phenomena where black officers must deal with the expectation that they will give members of their own race a break, while at the same time they experience overt racism from their police colleagues? A. The black curtain B. Double marginality C. Inherent role conflict D. Toxic race relations

B. Double marginality

In Martin Innes' study of investigation techniques he found that police rely heavily on _________ that includes canvas of neighborhoods, interviews with friends/family and constructing victim/suspect timelines to solve a crime. A. Specific focus B. General coverage C. Technology and crime mapping D. Sting operations

B. General coverage

What US Supreme Court decision set forth the "reasonable officer" standard for police use of nondeadly force? A. Williams v. New York B. Graham v. Connor C. Sherman v. California D. Tennessee v. Garner

B. Graham v. Connor

More than half of the contact that police officers have with civilians is spent A. Providing assistance B. Handling traffic related matters C. Responding to complaints D. Investigating crime

B. Handling traffic related matters

The technology that allows police to look at a complete picture of a crime scene in a 360-degree circumference is known as: A. Enclosed Space Detection System B. High-definition surveying C. Biometrics D. Predictive policing

B. High-definition surveying

A forensic specialist is asked to come study footprints left at the scene of a crime. This analyst would need to be an expert in? A. Trace evidence B. Impression evidence C. Toxicology D. DNA analysis

B. Impression evidence

What was the name of the famous commission that investigated corruption in NYC in the 1970s? A. Warren Commission B. Knapp Commission C. Garner Commission D. Mollen Commission

B. Knapp Commission

What circumstances is most likely to prevent a person from being able to understand the Miranda warning? A. Level of education B. Language problems C. Gender D. Occupation

B. Language problems

While there are many goals of patrol, most police experts agree that the majority of police patrol efforts are devoted to A. Fighting crime B. Maintaining order C. Responding to emergencies D. Deterring crime

B. Maintaining order

Surveys of male officers show that ______ (of) officers tend to view policing as a masculine profession and do not think women can handle the physical requirements of the job. A. Just a few B. Many C. Some D. All

B. Many

What term is used to describe those who aggressively misuse police power for personal gain by demanding bribes, threatening legal action, or cooperating with criminals? A. Grass eaters B. Meat eaters C. Active criminality D. Selective enforcement or nonenforcement

B. Meat eaters

Which of the following is *not* one of the four methods of predictive policing? A. Methods for predicting victims of crimes B. Methods for predicting victims' identities C. Methods for predicting offenders D. Methods for predicting crimes

B. Methods for predicting victims' identities

DNA profiling gained national attention because of the _____ trial. A. Martha Steward B. O.J. Simpson C. Rodney King D. Timothy Spence

B. O.J. Simpson

Which of the following factors best fits under the heading of extralegal discretionary factors? A. Peer pressure B. Racial profiling C. Offender demeanor D. The severity of the offense

B. Racial profiling

English police officers are known as bobbies because: A. Their heads often bobbed up and down as they rode the streets of London on horses B. Sir Robert (Bobbie) Peel was responsible for their creation. C. An inordinately large number of the original London metropolitan police force was named Bobbie D. They are trained to bob their head whenever a member of the royal family came into view

B. Sir Robert (Bobbie) Peel was responsible for their creation

Which officer's style involves acting as problem solvers and is therefore well suited for community policing? A. Crime fighter B. Social agent C. Law enforcer D. Watchman

B. Social agent

Justification of the use of deadly force via the "fleeing felon" rule can be traced to: A. English common law B. The landmark of Tennessee v. Garner case C. The landmark of Graham v. Conner D. The Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) guidelines

B. The landmark of Tennessee v. Garner case

According to a "ranking" system of the use of force, which is considered the least serious A. Control holds B. Verbal commands C. Strikes/punches D. Chemical incapacitants

B. Verbal commands

Aggressive patrol in New York City during the 1990s has been credited with a reduction in: A. Prostitution B. Violent crime C. Drug dealing D. Property crime

B. Violent crime

In early US policing which area of the country encourage individual initiative and offered rewards for the capture of felons and law breakers? A. The rural south B. Western territories C. The east D. Most areas employed this practice

B. Western territories

Roughly how many metropolitan police agencies employ just one sworn officer? A. 10 B. 100 C. 650 D. 8,000

C. 650

What percentage of police departments are using Twitter to stay connected with communities A. 34 B. 48 C. 69 D. 82

C. 69

Nearly _______ percent of local police departments serve populations of fewer than 10,000 people. A. 25 B. 50 C. 75 D. 90

C. 75

Which of the following is an example of soft technology that law enforcement uses? A. Video in patrol cars B. Offender IDs via biometrics C. AMBER alerts D. Mobile data centers

C. AMBER alerts

Which is *not* considered a standard task of a typical sheriff's department? A. Coroner B. Tax collector C. Antiterror activities D. Provider of fire emergency services

C. Antiterror activities

Henry Fielding operated his own monied police, referred to as _________, which attempt to clean up earlier policing efforts by deciding which cases to investigate and which streets to protect. A. Justices of the peace B. Friends or Foes C. Bow Street Runners D. Metropolitan Police

C. Bow Street Runners

Regardless of the size of the policing organization, this person has general administrative control and sets policy for all of the department's operating branches. A. Staff lieutenant B. Detective lieutenant C. Chief of police D. Patrol sergeant

C. Chief of police

After September 11, 2001, Congress passed legislation authorizing the creation of which agency A. Customs and Border Protection B. Drug Enforcement Administration C. Department of Homeland Security D. Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Management

C. Department of Homeland Security

Which of the following statements is false regarding college-educated police officers? A. Educated officers are better able to communicate with the public B. Administrators believe that educated officers generate fewer citizen complaints C. Educated officers have greater disciplinary problems due to job boredom D. Higher-educated officers have greater self-confidence and assurance

C. Educated officers have greater disciplinary problems due to job boredom

A significant portion of a police officer's time is spent: A. Waiting for incoming calls that report crime B. Making arrests and writing reports C. Handling minor disturbances, service calls, and administrative duties D. Investigating crime and making arrests

C. Handling minor disturbances, service calls, and administrative duties

What federal program supported innovative research on police work and advanced training for police officers during the 1970s? A. Criminal Justice Institute B. National Institute of Justice C. Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) D. Federal Crime Bill

C. Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA)

An officer approaches a group of teenagers drinking beer, she checks everyone's ID and arrests all who are underage. This example best typifies which officer style? A. Crime fighter B. Social agent C. Law enforcer D. Watchman

C. Law enforcer

Which policing style utilizes the least amount of discretion? A. Crime fighter B. Social agent C. Law enforcer D. Watchman

C. Law enforcer

What city was the first to hire and award the title of police officer to a women in 1910? A. Chicago B. Boston C. Los Angeles D. New York City

C. Los Angeles

The concept of hot spots of crime is most closely associated with which model of policing? A. Community-oriented policing B. Neighborhood-oriented policing C. Problem-oriented policing (POP) D. Police-community relations

C. Problem-oriented policing (POP)

In what landmark decision did the Supreme Court rule that police can perform a stop and frisk when they have reasonable suspicion to believe criminal activity is afoot? A. Miranda v. Arizona B. Map v. Ohio C. Terry v. Ohio D. Tennessee v. Garner

C. Terry v. Ohio

Which state had the earliest example of state police? A. Massachusetts B. Pennsylvania C. Texas D. Arizona

C. Texas

Which of the following is false regarding the use of DNA? A. DNA profiling allows suspects to be identified on the basis of genetic material B. DNA databases have more than three million samples of offenders C. The United States is the only country with a DNA database D. Some critics are concerned information gathering could violate citizen's civil liberties

C. The United States is the only country with a DNA database

Which of the following is *not* a common explanation for the various forms the abuse of power takes A. Corruption is a function of society's ambivalence toward many forms of vice-related criminal behavior B. Policing tends to attract individuals who do not have the financial means to maintain a middle-class lifestyle C. The cynicism of the job and the personality traits officers are likely to have make them more likely to tend toward corruption D. The whole discretion police enjoy, coupled with low visibility among the public, makes them likely candidates for corruption

C. The cynicism of the job and the personality traits officers are likely to have make them more likely to tend toward corruption

The blue curtain is a term used to describe: A. Police reluctance to express personal feelings with each other. B. The police practice of shrouding the windows and doors of the briefing room when confidential information is disseminated at roll call. C. The secrecy and insulation from others in society that is a consequence of the police subculture. D. The sheet used to drape the coffins of slain police officers

C. The secrecy and insulation from others in society that is a consequence of the police subculture.

Which federal law enforcement agency is the oldest and one of the most versatile A. Secret Service B. CIA C. USMS D. FBI

C. USMS

Over the years, minority officers seem to be as self assured as white officers, regardless of feeling _____ rates of job related stress and strain stemming from general police stressors A. lower B. higher C. similar D. nonexistent

C. similar

Approximately _______ percent of all sworn officers in the nation's largest police departments are in units that don't allow the to make arrests (such as communications, administration, etc.). A. 15 B. 20 C. 25 D. 33

D. 33

Which of the following has been shown to improve the effectiveness of patrol? A. Aggressive patrol B. Targeting specific crimes C. Making more arrests D. All of these

D. All of these

Which of the following officers was part of the watch system of policing that thrived in thirteenth-century England? A. Watchmen B. Shire reeve C. Justice of the peace D. All of these

D. All of these

Stress reduction programs may include: A. Diet information B. Biofeedback C. Meditation D. All the above

D. All the above

What have evaluations of foot patrol programs in New Jersey and Michigan shown? A. The crime rate went down in foot patrol beats. B. The crime rate went up in foot patrol beats. C. Officer job satisfaction increased. D. Citizen attitudes toward the police improved.

D. Citizen attitudes toward the police improved.

Which of the following traits is said to be found at all levels of policing? A. Anger B. Racism C. Dogmatism D. Cynicism

D. Cynicism

The Kansas City Gun Experiment is an example of: A. Problem-oriented policing B. Community policing C. Reactive patrolling D. Directed patrol

D. Directed patrol

_____________ is/are defined as the ability to monitor one's own and others' feelings and emotions and to use this information to guide one's thinking and actions? A. Miranda protections B. Demeanor C. Department politics D. Emotional intelligence

D. Emotional intelligence

Which federal agency has reformulated its priorities, making protection from terrorism the number one goal? A. Secret Service B. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) C. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) D. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

D. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

Which of the following is *not* a challenge of community-oriented policing? A. Changing attitudes of supervisors B. Reorienting values of the police C. Defining community D. Identifying hot spots of crime

D. Identifying hot spots of crime

Which of the following is *not* one of the major purposes of police patrol? A. Deter crime through police presence B. Aid individuals who cannot help themselves C. Facilitate the movement of traffic and people. D. Issue arrest warrants

D. Issue arrest warrants

What office was created in 1326 under the watch system of policing to assist the shire reeve in controlling the county? A. Sheriff B. Constable C. Bobbie D. Justice of the Peace

D. Justice of the Peace

Which federal law enforcement agency has unlimited jurisdiction A. CIA B. DEA C. US Justice Department D. No federal agency has unlimited jurisdiction

D. No federal agency has unlimited jurisdiction

Which of the following is *not* one of the six core beliefs at the heart of the police culture? A. Loyalty to colleagues counts above all else B. The war against crime cannot be won without bending the rules C. No one else understands the nature of police work D. Patrol work is a necessary and vital part of police work.

D. Patrol work is a necessary and vital part of police work.

Jurisdictions that encourage patrol officers to aggressively arrest and detain suspicious persons practice ____________ policing A. Reactive B. Community-oriented C. Preventive D. Proactive

D. Proactive

Which of the following is *not* a factor that distinguishes private policing from public policing A. Neighborhood disorder creates fear B. Neighborhoods can give out crime-promoting signals C. Police require citizen cooperation D. Reactive patrol is necessary

D. Reactive patrol is necessary

What type of force is most likely to be used by police officers A. Pushing or grabbing B. Using pepper spray C. Pointing a gun D. Shouting

D. Shouting

The demeanor of the offender is considered this type of factor? A. Environmental B. Department C. Extralegal D. Situational

D. Situational

Which of the following factors is strongly linked to the type of nondeadly force used? A. The officer's personal beliefs B. The offender's past experiences C. The officer's training on deadly force D. The crime in question

D. The crime in question

Which of the following police operations best exemplifies community oriented policing? A. A sting operation where officers pose as fences of stolen property B. Creation of a well armed SWAT team trained in hostage negotiation C. Computerized data terminals installed on the dash of all patrol cars D. The hiring of bilingual officers to patrol ethnic neighborhoods

D. The hiring of bilingual officers to patrol ethnic neighborhoods

What were the organized private police that patrolled eighteenth-century England called? A. Constables B. Shire reeves C. Bobbies D. Thief Takers

D. Thief Takers

The greatest factor(s) in controlling the use of unwarranted police brutality is/are? A. Psychological evaluation or counseling B. Threat of civil judgments against police chiefs that condone violent behavior C. Developing new administrative policies D. Threat of civil judgment against individual officers

D. Threat of civil judgment against individual officers

How do most municipal police departments determine promotion eligibility? A. Testing B. Physical agility C. Arrest performance D. Time-in-rank

D. Time-in-rank

Which police style is associated with the preference to ignore issues of concern or treat them informally, unless the social or political order is being jeopardized? A. Crime fighter B. Social agent C. Law enforcer D. Watchman

D. Watchman

In the pledge system, people were grouped into families of 10, called __________, and were entrusted with policing their own minor problems. A. Shire reeves B. Tithings C. Peacemakers D. Hundred

Tithings