crisis final exam

A parent loses his or her job and feels hopeless. As a result, he or she does not look for another job because he or she assumes that it will continue to happen over and over again. This is an example of...

learned helplessness

an abusive husband is using isolation to control his partner when he...

limits his partner's involvement with friends or family members

women typically...

live longer than men, but that difference may disappear in the future

A ___________is a situation where one family member feels torn between the competing wants and needs of two or more family members.

loyalty bind

The Dowell family has been adjusting to the loss of their youngest child, Lindsay, to cancer. Friends and family surrounded them all throughout Lindsay's short illness, and the community held benefits to help the family with medical costs. Ms. Dowell spoke to a gathering of friends and community members and said, "We knew that we would get through this hard, sad time because we were not alone and feel that our bond as a family has been strengthened by this loss". This belief system is referred to as...

mastery orientation

social constructionism

meaning is constructed by the ways people interact

Tom, the stepparent, and Brian, the stepchild, are arguing about doing the dishes again. Brian's mother Christine steps in and tries to help Tom and Brian negotiate a fair outcome. Which stepfamily parenting strategy is Christine using?

mediator

Children might experience emotional distress when there is a violent event in their school or community. How do experts recommend parents respond to their children in these circumstances?

monitor their children and set appropriate limits on their behavior

one reason why everyday hassles are important to consider is that

more frequent than severe stressors=more important determinants of family stress

women report experiencing everyday hassles...

more frequently than men

According to research described in the textbook, more adolescents with alcohol problems had which of the following compared to teens without alcohol problems?

more perceived parental rejection, less parental warmth, more behavior problems and more peers with the same problems

Jack and Diane are newlyweds. Jack is 27 and Diane is 26. This week Diane was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, and her doctor said she will probably not survive another 12 months. This is an example of a(n)...

non-normative stressor

the death of Ann's partner came as a shock because she had been healthy one day and given 6 weeks to live the next. This is considered a...

non-normative stressor

situational couple violence

occurs when couple conflict escalates to the point of violence

what proportion of women report having been attacked or stalked by an intimate partner?

over one in three

Parental substance abuse is positively correlated with several negative outcomes among children. Which of the following is a mediator of this relationship?

parenting style

Feminist researchers have argued that society values men more than women and because of this power imbalance, violence toward women has been seen as normal. This is a description of...

patriarchal structure

Ms. Landau lost another job, her third within 2 years. She feels hopeless and discouraged and decides that she is just not employable. This is an example of which dimension of family stressor events?

perceived insolvable vs perceived solvable

Dan and Angela are parents who divorced 3 years ago. Each year since their divorce, Dan and Angela have taken their children on a family vacation. Dan and Angela speak to each other often and continue to confide in each other about a lot of topics. They each say their ex-spouse is still their best friend. What co-parenting type describes Dan and Angela?

perfect pals

family financial planning

phase 1: starting a credit and debt management plan phase 2: repaying debt and saving for retirement phase 3: living in retirement and planning for intergenerational transfers

the earliest studies of stress focused on the impact of stress on....

physiological functioning

A parent comes home after a long and very stressful day. When she gets home she tells her children to leave her alone for an hour. The children are frustrated and angry but they turn on the TV. Following her break from the family, they all have a peaceful, enjoyable evening together. This is an example of...

positive adaptive processes

stress-related growth refers to..

positive outcomes that emerge from stress, such as resilience

Violet, who is 78 years old, moved in with her daughter and was initially unhappy to the point of depression. She agreed to see an elder care social worker who comes to the home once per week. After several sessions, Violet is getting up earlier and sitting on the porch with her daughter planning the flowerpots for the spring and looking forward to weekly lunches at the senior center. She is happy that she has more opportunities to visit with her daughter than she did when she lived alone. This is an example of...

positive reappraisal

Wanda has noticed that her eyesight is beginning to decline, and at the same time, the roads around her home are becoming more congested with traffic. She decides to stop driving and works with her daughter to find free transportation for seniors in her area. Her neighbor also told her about special busses for disabled adults that stop right in front of your door. She is happy about these options but a little afraid to explore them by herself. This is an example of...

problem-focused coping

Vanessa and David have been in a stepfamily for 6 months and have good days and bad days. They are not concerned by this because they know that becoming a family is a process. They are looking forward to a bright future for their new family. This is an example of...

realistic and positive expectations

Sheri is 16 and struggling at home. Her parents seem to be yelling at her constantly, which in turn makes her respond in a highly disrespectful way, which doesn't seem to help matters. This is an example of...

reciprocal or multidirectional processes

lesbian and gay couples...

report a higher frequency of conflict than heterosexual couples do

intimate terrorism

represents strategies by one partner to exert power and control over the other partner

gender symmetry hypothesis

research findings that indicate women are as likely to commit intimate partner violence as men

why might parents be concerned about media coverage of a violent event in their community?

research has shown that exposure to media coverage can increase a person's distress about the event

There was a shooting at Mandy's school, and Mandy heard shots and screams. She was very upset and had nightmares regularly until she began seeing a therapist. After only a few therapy sessions she began to feel better, and after several months of therapy she no longer has nightmares or feels afraid at school every day. This is an example of which type of individual resilience interaction effect?

risk-activated protective factor

You have 2 children, a 7-year-old and a 3-year-old. You become a stepfamily with your partner who has a 9-year-old child. Your 7-year-old is fighting and challenging household rules. This is likely an example of...

role confusion because the child went from being the oldest to being a middle child

Cindy and Vivian are a lesbian couple. They have a teenage daughter, Kara. According to research on LGBQ families...

she is no more likely to identify as a lesbian than a teen with heterosexual parents

Eva and Dan have been married for 13 years. They frequently argue, and sometimes their arguments lead to violence. Over the years they have both hit and slapped each other at different times. Sometimes when Dan is angry he will throw things and damage their property. Once Eva tried to run Dan over with her car. This is probably an example of...

situational couple violence

Rob grew up in a home where his dad regularly pushed his mother around. Rob saw that she deserved what she got because she was incapable of doing anything right. Rob was confused when he hit his girlfriend and she made a huge deal of it. According to the way Rob thinks, violence is just part of how men and women relate. This is most clearly an illustration of...

social leanring theory

conceptualizing the family as a unit who grow and develop within a wider social system describes a...

social learning perspective

Teri is a new mother who is home alone with her infant. She feels stress from her routine that includes nursing constantly, trying to keep up with the loads of laundry, annoying phone calls from her mother, isolation, and getting to what seem to be constant doctor appointments. This is an example of...

stress from daily hassles

according to the ABC-X model, the "A" factor in family stress theory consists of...

stressor events that are large enough to bring about change in the family system

the A factor in family stress theory consists of...

stressors events that are large enough to bring about change in the family system

Donald regularly drinks a dozen or more beers in a single day. He has been fired from more than one job for being drunk at work, and he has been arrested once for driving drunk. The clinical term for these patterns is...

substance use disorder

Mr. Garcia is scheduled to come home from serious abdominal surgery in a week. Although Ms. Garcia is very worried about her partner and about how she will manage once he is home, she sets out to find home health care support and meets with the nurse to learn how to care for the wound. This is an example of which type of coping response?

taking direct action

resiliency

the capacity of a dynamic system to adapt successfully to disturbances that threaten system function

Which of the following is a characteristic of a child, which predicts resilience among children who were abuse or neglected?

the child's personality characteristics

a common way that resilience among victims of child abuse is measured, which is...

the child's scores on measures of mental health, social functioning, and academic achievement

according to the principle of selective optimization with compensation, "selection" refers to...

the choice to reduce certain activities because of age-related constraints

According to the ABC-X model, the degree of stress a family experiences as a result of a challenging event depends on several factors, including...

the family's perceptions of the stressor event

aging families and younger families differ in important ways including...

the greater likelihood that aging families will experience coinciding joyful and painful events

family systems theory

*rarely used -family grieves as a system -actions/reactions of one affects all and causation is circular -death disrupts system's equilibrium, shifts structure, requires reorganization of role distribution and functions -death may impact many generations -all family systems are unique and respond in own complex way

home ownership

-65% of Americans own their home -homeowners are healthier, better educated, and more involved in their communities

Mia was born with Down syndrome. social contract of disability focuses on...

the interaction between mia and her environment

it is important to study demographic trends among older adults because...

the life expectancy is lengthening

according to DVFM...

the number of transitions experienced during and following divorce influences how well family members adjust

Wives with satisfying marriages were found to withdraw and express more anger at home following a stressful day. One possible explanation offered includes...

the satisfying relationship actually allowed the wife freedom to express her frustrations

parental substance abuse is positively correlated with several negative outcomes among children. which of the following moderates or buffers this relationship?

the sex of the child

Hill's ABC-X model proposed that crisis results from a complex interaction between....

the stressor event, the family's resources, and the family's perception of the event

according to the principle of selective optimization with compensation, "compensation" refers to...

the use of psychological, technological, and environmental aids to help maintain one's abilities

even though men are spending more time on household chores, women still do twice the amount of housework as their male partners

true

when workdays were highly stressful, women and men tended to withdraw from daily home tasks. a gender difference in how this was managed includes....

wives take on tasks stressed husbands could not manage but not vice versa

according to the principle of selective optimization with compensation, "optimization" refers to....

working to improve one's abilities on particular activities

Alfonso is 68 years old. According to gerontologists, this means he is in which age category?

young old

according to the US Health and Retirement Study...

-after retirement, most respondents experienced little change compared to their retirement well-being -retirement forces the older adult to face their mortality -most of the respondents experienced a negative change in their well-being after retirement -most respondents experienced a positive change upon retirement

demographic risk factors associated with divorce

-age of marriage -having divorced parents

stage/developmental theories of grief

-attempt to define normal grief -focus on period of shock, periods of denial, and periods of disorganization

DSM-5

-eliminated a 2 month window of bereavement before diagnosis of MDD -added 2 week allowance of symptoms of depression before diagnosis of MDD -added Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder

degree of stress a family experiences as result of stressful event depends on...

-family's definition of stressor event -resources family has

hard work of grief includes...

-living in relationships that are continuing and maintaining the mental representation of relationship with deceased -making meaning of loss and finding meaning in continuing life -loss of supports received from deceased and others who pull away

the invisibility of death and grief

-most deaths occur in health care setting -care used to delay death by all means -families faced with decisions about prolonging the life of dying loved ones -children often excluded from family experiences with death -private grief coexists with public grief with social media

defining economic stress

-normative vs situational stressors -temporary (short) vs chronic (long) -subjective (worry, perception, expectations) vs objective (lack of regular work, income does not meet expenses)

problems with stage theories

-view grief as passive, one goes through stages -present a linear path that is supposed to be normative -assume intense emotional stress -assume one must work through grief

economic effects of divorce

-women and children suffer financially while men enjoy a better financial situation

the "young old" are considered to be those in the age range between...

65 and 74

the resources a family has to help them cope with a stressor are related to factor...

B

If Lucy believes that her abusive husband's behaviors are wrong and unacceptable, she is more likely to take action. Which part of the ABC-X model of family stress does this describe?

C

according to the ABC-X model of family stress, the meaning that parents make of a stressor event is related to factor...

C

according to the ABC-X model of family stress, the perceptions of family members about a stressor event is related to factor...

C

the perceptions of family members about a stressor event is related to factor...

C

a child born with down syndrome is considered...

a child with special health care needs

what is a crisis?

a disturbance in the equilibrium that is overwhelming, a severe pressure, or a change that immobilizes the family

Our textbook described research on the effects of a partner's illness on marriage relationships. Which of the following is accurate regarding those findings?

a health decline is associated with a decline in marital quality, but the onset of a disability was related to an increase in martial quality

an example of formal support could include...

a home-care provider paid for by Medicare

ambiguous loss in the case of a family with special needs explains the concept that the family experiences...

a physical presence but a psychological absence

The Smiths have one child (out of three) with cerebral palsy. They have experienced stress over the years but agree that they feel stronger as a couple and that they can cope with "whatever life throws their way." This is an example of...

a protective factor in the marital subsystem

The Divorce Variation and Fluidity Model describes risk factors as well as risk mechanisms. The difference between a risk factor and a risk mechanism is that...

a risk factor increases the likelihood of undesirable outcomes while a risk mechanism is a process by which a stressor leads to difficulties

research has indicated that leaving an abusive relationship is...

a stage-based process

underage drinking

about 2/3 of students report having tried alcohol by the end of high school

The Lees have always been protective over their children. They adhered to strict rules and schedules for all their children regardless of age. As Mica turned 15, she began to challenge rules (staying out later than she was allowed and arguing nonstop with her parents). The most difficult event that happened was that Mica lied to her parents about staying over at her best friend's house and instead went to a party where she got drunk and was taken to the police station when the party was raided. The family began therapy, which resulted in the Lees negotiating additional responsibilities and freedoms for Mica and learning new parenting skills for teens. This most closely describes

adaptation

While Sean has decided to quit her job and care for their 20-year-old daughter who has Autism, she and Jan seem to have gotten closer even though the decision caused the family some financial difficulties. Sean and Jan and Christy find themselves spending less rushed time in the evenings playing games or watching movies or baking, which is Christy's favorite thing to do. The couple feels stronger and more positive about their future. This is an example of...

adaptation

When a husband who is diagnosed with anxiety communicates openly with his wife, receives support from her, and works together with her against the anxiety, additional stressors will likely be managed. In contrast, if couples communicate poorly, are not supportive, and live separate lives, additional stressors are more likely to pile up for the couple. These are examples of positive and negative...

adaptive processes

why are estimates of the prevalence of stepfamilies underreported?

all members of the stepfamily are not always considered

We discussed statistics about the prevalence of violence and homicides in schools. Which of the following is accurate regarding these findings?

all responses are correct

James and Sandra's divorce became final in August. Their two children now live most of the time with Sandra, and they visit James every other weekend. The children have been sad since James moved out and they are more disobedient on the days before their visitation with James. Sandra has also been sad and she has missed several days of work since the divorce. Which of the following is accurate regarding this family's situation?

although they are experiencing stress and negative outcomes, these will probably be moderate and short-lived

Trent's mother has dementia. She rarely remembers who Trent is when he visits her, and her conversation is very disjointed and confusing. She seems sad. Her physical health is strong, however. What concept describes what Trent is likely to experience?

ambiguous loss

an open adoption, which is becoming more common in the US is...

an adoption in which the birth parents know the adoptive parents

James was deployed to Iraq and was reported missing in action. His parents have recently decided to separate, his youngest sister has been truant for a significant portion of the school year, and in general the family is experiencing extreme stress because of the situation with James. This is an example of...

an ambiguous loss stressor

Which of the following is a family environment characteristic that predicts resilience among children who were abused or neglected?

an authoritative parenting style

social construct

an idea that originates from the social environment

Tracy is 11 years old. Her mother is physically abusive to Tracy and her younger siblings. Tracy blames herself for the abuse, and believes she should be able to protect her siblings from harm. Tracy's experience is related to...

attributional style

debt

average family has >$5000 in credit card debt

an example of ambiguous loss is...

being emotionally absent and physically present

women's daily hassles predicted their well-being and anxiety and....

both partners' relationship stress

We discussed several factors that make it particularly challenging for a child to be resilient in the presence of abuse or neglect. One of those factors is...

child abuse often begins early in a child's life and endures for several years

Jan and Sean have a 20-year-old daughter (Christy) who has Autism who lives with them. Although they have been trying to find work programs or day programs to involve her in, they have had little success because her behavioral needs are greater that the local programs can handle. This has resulted in numerous transitions, frequent parental conflict, and finally Sean's decision to quit her job to stay home with Christy. The couple is worried about finances but doesn't see another way to handle the situation. This is most closely related to a...

chronic stressor

everyday hassles characteristics

co-occur with other, more severe stressor events

one child characteristic that scholars have found to predict childhood alcohol use is...

conduct disorder or antisocial behavior

Kenneth and Terry are parents who divorced 4 years ago. They speak to each other by phone one or two times each week, when they discuss issues about their children. Their conversations are business-like and cordial, but they do not have friendly conversations about any other topics. This couple is best described by which co-parenting type?

cooperative colleagues

Cynthia's daughter has received multiple behavioral referrals at school. The school social worker has tried to contact Cynthia for the past 2 weeks and has left messages for Cynthia to call her back. Cynthia continues to minimize her daughter's disruptive behaviors and just ignores the phone calls. This is an example of...

coping

Patricia is a mother of three children who recently got remarried. She is very quick to interfere when her husband interacts with the children. She sees his conflicts with her children as the result of his attacks on them. Which stepfamily parenting strategy is Patricia using?

defender

what perspective conceptualizes stress by studying the family as they move through the stages of change?

developmental

Chris is 18 and has just started her first semester at Littletown College, which is 3 hours from home. She calls home every day, is struggling to find her "fit" in college, and feels like each day is a challenge. This is an example of a...

developmental stressor

According to the Power and Control Wheel, an abusive husband who prevents his wife from getting a job and who keeps all of his own paychecks where his wife can't get them is using...

economy abuse

Glenda (who is 87 years old and very frail) needs more home care, but she has denied this need to her concerned children. She continues to tell them that she can handle each situation on her own and says that living alone is not dangerous (although she has fallen numerous times and in fact broke her hip), and that she is an "independent" woman who does not need any help. This is an example of...

emotion-focused coping

Emily lives with her grandmother and has taken her checks and signed them over to herself. She also has been so exhausted by caring for her grandmother's intensive physical needs and memory loss that she finds herself screaming at her every evening when her grandmother is particularly restless. This is an example of...

emotional abuse and financial abuse

Teresa provides several different types of assistance for her 96 year old mother. She helps her mother get dressed, eat her food, and accomplish other physical tasks. Teresa also expresses interest in her mother's stories and encourages her mother to get involved in Senior Center activities. The terms used for these types of assistance are...

emotional and instrumental

Melanie is 11 years old, and she was recently diagnosed with diabetes. Her family has an upper middle class income, her parents are happily married, and they live less than 10 minutes from the nearest hospital. According to the model proposed by Karney and Bradbury to explain the effects of illness on family stress, these characteristics of Melanie's family would be considered...

enduring characteristics or enduring vulnerabilities

A single parent who suffers from depression just received a negative evaluation from work, her second in a row. She goes to pick up her preschooler and immediately gets into power struggles about putting on his snowsuit. When they get home, the parent goes to her bed and cries for several hours. She feels certain that she will be fired, and that she is a terrible parent. This is an example of how ________ can interact with a parent's perception of daily hassles and affect how they adapt to those hassles.

enduring vulnerabilites

same-sex partners are especially likely to value ________ in their relationship due to power imbalances in the broader social context

equality

a family is resilient when...

even with risk and vulnerability present, a family can mobilize its protective factors and adapt

stressor events are always damaging to a family system

false

the Hernandezes have a child with Autism and are considered a resilient family. Indicators include...

family has a clear structure and defined roles

elder abuse is perpetrated primarily by...

family members

According to the Contextual Model of Family Stress, which of the following is part of the family's internal context?

family subsystems, such as relationships between siblings

family stress related to illness among older adults...

female members of the ill person's family are most likely to provide caregiving

Khaleel and Portland are parents who divorced 6 years ago. They are both still very angry at the other. They both frequently do things to try to hurt their ex-spouse and interfere with each others' time with their children. This couple is best described by which co-parenting type?

fiery foes

research on children with special needs has predominantly....

focused on the family unit

Gloria is a mother of two children, aged 8 and 4. In 2015 Gloria got remarried to Steve. Gloria is worried that Steve will divorce her one day. She tends to interrupt when Steve is interacting with her children, which is making it hard for Steve to develop a relationship with them. Which stepfamily parenting strategy is Gloria using?

gatekeeper

parents of children with special needs...

have a variety of experiences, but on average mothers express more stress-related issues than fathers

social support systems for families with children with special needs....

have been considered by parents to be the most important factors for coping

We discussed several factors that can contribute to resiliency for a child who is abused or neglected, and factors that can protect that child from some of the negative effects of those experiences. One feature of the family that represents one of these factors is...

having a parent who views the child positively, even if the other parent is abusive

family income and livelihood

higher income predicts lower stress, greater marital stability, better child outcomes

pronatalist views on parenting

highlights positive aspects of parenting without realistic assessments of challenges associated with parenting

unemployment/employment instability

in a given year, an unemployed adult is twice as likely to die compared to an employed adult

everyday hassles have been found to impact family interactions how?

increased child/partner conflict and social withdrawal

Johnson (1995) created a typology of intimate partner violence in an effort to explain research on gender differences in violent behavior. Two of these types were...

intimate terrorism and situational couple violence

in the Contextual Model of Family Stress, the external context is different from the internal context in that...

it includes a focus on parental employment

in the Contextual Model of Family Stress, the internal context is different from the external context in that...

it includes a focus on the family subsystems