Critical Thinking Final 5+6
"ESP has never been disproved. This implies that ESP is a fact." This fallacy is known as Weak analogy, Appeal to ignorance Slippery slope, Equivocation
Appeal to ignorance
"The death penalty is clearly justified. Polls show that more than 70% of Americans support it." What fallacy is this? Scare tactis Personal attack Red Herring Bandwagon argument
Bandwagon argument
"Bob is immoral, because he is unethical." What kind of fallacy is reflected in this argument? Straw man, Inconsistency Begging the question, Equivocation
Begging the question
"Legalizing gay marriage is justifiable, because it's perfectly legitimate and appropriate that people of hte same sex should be legally permitted to marry." This is the fallacy of Begging the question, Loaded question Appeal to pity, Two wrongs make a right
Begging the question
"Bill said John's new girlfriend is a fox. Foxes live in the woods. So, John's new girlfriend must live in the woods." This is the fallacy of Equivocation, Weak analogy Two wrongs make a right, Inconsistency
Equivocation
An arguer commits the fallacy of inconsistency if he or she is a hypocrite.
False
Every argument that jumps to a conclusion is a hasty generalization.
False
In the argument "Ned is 100 years old; therefore, Ned probably plays professional basketball" the premise is logically irrelevant to the conclusion.
False
In the scare tactics fallacy, an arguer physically attacks an opponent.
False
Statement A is negatively relevant to statement B if Statement A provides no evidence for statement B.
False
The attacking the motive fallacy occurs when an arguer rejects another person's argument or claim because that person fails to practice what he or she preaches.
False
The red herring fallacy occurs when an arguer misrepresents another person's position in order to make it easier to attack.
False
The straw man fallacy occurs when an arguer attempts to sidetrack his audience by raising an irrelevant issue.
False
f an arguer poses a question that contains an unfair or unwarranted presupposition, the arguer commits the fallacy of false alternatives.
False
"Bankers are extremely conservative. I know, because my father and uncle were bankers, and they were both staunch conservatives." This fallacy is known as Equivocation, Two wrongs make a right Hasty generalization, Weak analogy
Hasty generalization
Identify the type of fallacy in the following conversation between a parent and his/her daughter: Parent: Are you still going out with that jerk Jerry?Daughter: YesParent: Well, at least you admit he's a jerk. Personal attack, Loaded question Attacking the motive, False alternatives
Loaded question
Why do you always have to ruin everybody's fun?" What type of fallacy is reflected here? Loaded question, Attacking the motive Begging the question, Personal attack
Loaded question
"President to Special Prosecutor: Mr. Special Prosecutor, I'm sure you'll agree these charges against me are completely groundless. If you continue to aggressively pursue this investigation, it may be necessary to order the IRS to audit your tax returns." This fallacy is known as Scare tactics, Appeal to pity Attacking the motive, False alternatives
Scare tactics
"Never attempt to eat just one Crispy & Salty brand potato chip. Once you eat one, you just can't stop. Before you know it, you'll eat the whole bag--maybe even two or three bags." What typ of fallacy is this? Equivocatin, Appeal to pity Inconsitency, Slippery slope
Slippery slope
A hasty generalization is committed when an arguer supports a general conclusion about a class of persons or things with insufficient our unrepresentive evidence.
True
A statement is positively relevant to another statement if it provides at least some reason for thinking that the second statement is true.
True
An arguer commits the fallacy of loaded question when he or she poses a question that contains an unfair or unwarranted presupposition.
True
If an arguer cites a statement by a witness in support of a conclusion and there is good reason to doubt the accuracy of the winess's obervations, the arguer commits the fallacy of inappropriate appeal to authority.
True
If an argument contains a false premise, then it is necessarily fallacious.
True
Statement A is logically irrelevant to statement B if Statement A provides no evidence either for or against statement B.
True
The look who's talking fallacy occurs when an arguer rejects another person's argument or claim because the that person is a hyprocrite.
True
"I don't feel guilty about cheating on my wife. She cheated on me when we first married." This is the fallacy of Strawman,Red Herring Two wrongs make a right, Appeal to pity
Two wrongs make a right
"I saw where they canceled today's tennis tournament because of rain. They play football in the rain. Why not tennis?" This fallacy is known as Weak analogy, Hasty generalization Two wrongs make a right, Slippery slope
Weak analogy
The arguement "I believe guardian angels exist; no one has proven that they don't commits the fallacy of appeal to ignorance, hasty generalizaion inappropriate appeal to authority, false alternatives
appeal to ignorance
"Student: I know the paper is due today, but I wonder if I could get an extension. I was in a car accident and was in a comma for the past two weeks. In fact, I just came out of the coma last night." What fallacy is this? . Slippery slope, Begging the question appeal to pity, Scare tactics
appeal to pity
The _____________ fallacy occurs when an arguer appeals to a person's desire to be popular, accepted, or valued, rather than to logically relevant reasons or evidence. appeal to pity, bandwagon argument red herring, equivocation
bandwagon argument
The fallacy of ____________ occurs when an arguer states or assumes as a premise the very thing he or she is seeking to prove as a conclusion. red herring, bandwagon argument equivocation, begging the question
begging the question
The fallacy of ____________ occurs when an arguer uses a key word in an argument in two or more different senses equivocation, red herring two wrongs make a right, straw man
equivocation
In the appeal to ignorance fallacy, the arguer falsely accuses another arguer of being ignorant.
false
The argument "Either you buy me a new laptop computer and laser printer or I'll flunk out of school; and I know you don't want me to flunk out of school" commits the fallacy of weak analogy, false alternatives questionable cause, slippery slope
false alternatives
The argument "Everything I say is a lie; therefore, you shouldn't believe anything that I say" commits the falacy of slippery slope, questionable cause inconsistency, loaded question
inconsistency
The fallacy of ___________ occurs when an arguer rejects a person's argument or claim by attacking the person's character rather than considering the merits of his or her argument or claim. straw man, attacking the motive personal attack, red herring
personal attack
The fallacy of __________ occurs when an arguer claims without sufficient evidence that a seemingly harmless action, if taken, will lead to a disastrous outcome. slippery slope, weak analogy questionable cause, false alternatives
slippery slope
The fallacy of ______________ occurs when an arguer attempts to justify a wrongful act by claiming that some other act is just as bad or worse. appeal to force, appeal to pity two wrongs make a right, red herring
two wrongs make a right
The fallacy of __________ occurs when an arguer's conclusion depends on a comparison of things that aren't really comparable. slippery slope, false alternatives hasty generalization, weak analogy
weak analogy
