CRM Stats CH 2

make a graph

1. graph, 2. chart builder, 3. drag variable

Bar Chart

A data visualization method that uses rectangular bars of equal width to represent categories or values being compared. The length of each bar is proportional to the magnitude of the category or value it represents based on quantity of observations

Negative Association

A relationship between two continuous measures such that changes in values trend in the opposite direction

Positive Association

A relationship between two continuous measures such that changes in values trend in the same direction

Bivariate Analysis

Analysis between two variables

H-Spread

The difference between the upper and lower hinge values of a box plot

exhaustive

When grouping data from a continuous measure into categories, the categories must be mutually exclusive and ____________?

Q1

adjacent to hinge extension is the lower quartile

scatter plot

association between 2 measures; like the histogram it is diagnostic and needs a pattern

Identify the most appropriate data visualization technique for displaying a variable used to measure a prison's security level, categorized as minimum, medium, and maximum?

bar chart

Identify the most appropriate data visualization technique for displaying a variable used to measure the type of attorney a criminal defendant had at trial, categorized as public defender or privately council?

bar chart

Identify the most appropriate data visualization technique for displaying a variable used to measure victim's race, categorized as White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and other to measure?

bar chart

Identify the most appropriate data visualization technique for displaying a variable used to measure the number of court authorized wire taps issued over the previous 10 years?

box plot

pie chart usage

categorical data, nominal or ordinal measure, but not too many categories

bar chart usage

categorical, nominal or ordinal data; more categories

exhaustive

collects every category

histogram usage

continuum - something counting and there are no spaces; ex age (counting); diagnostic purposes

box and whisker plots

count data so interval or ratio measures

median

cuts data in half

cumulative distribution

data reduction technique used to present a running total of frequencies or percentages

missing observations

data without valid observations

hinges

edges of the box

asterisks

extreme scores

trend line

feature can be added to a scatterplot to help visualize the direction and strength of a linear trend

f

frequencies

Identify the most appropriate data visualization technique for displaying a variable used to measure the amount of money that a police department collects each year from drug asset forfeitures (in USD)?

histogram

Identify the most appropriate data visualization technique for displaying a variable used to measure the national crime rate?

histogram

What 2 graphs correspond to numerical categorization?

histogram and box plot

Q2/Q3

interquartile range (50%)

%

percentages

What 2 graphs correspond to nominal categorization?

pie and bar chart

Identify the most appropriate data visualization technique for displaying a variable used to measure the sentences received by convicted defendants, categorized as jail, prison, probation, fine, and other?

pie chart

valid observations

refers to data whose observations can be accurately recorded in a variable's attribute

interquartile range

refers to the middle 50% of a distribution, visualized on a box plot

Identify the most appropriate data visualization technique for displaying a suspected relationship between a variable used to measure the amount of money that a police department collects each year from drug asset forfeitures (in USD) and the number of full-time sworn officers employed at those police departments?

scatterplot

Identify the most appropriate data visualization technique for displaying whether there might be a linear association between variable used to measure the national crime rate and a variable used to measure the national poverty rate?

scatterplot

hold shift

select all cells within a range (A1:E1)

mutually exclusive

separate requirements for each category

whiskers

show range or the span of a box plot (lines of the curve/skew)

n

subset of sample (ex: males) (italicized)

percentage distribution

summarize the number of times a variable's attribute is observed in a data set and is presented in an output table as a percentage of the entire distribution

frequency distribution

technique involves summarizing the distribution of raw counts of a variable's attribute in an output table

data reduction

the process of organizing large amounts of data to make meaning conclusions

hold control

to select 2 or more objects press and hold this, then click each object

Q4

top quartile

N

total sample size

scatterplot

used to assess whether the relationship between two continuous measures is linear

adjacent

used to describe the ends (horizontal line) of the whiskers displayed on a box plot

histogram

used to display a data distribution for a single continuous measure and is constructed similarly to the way a bar chart is constructed, except there aren't spaces between the bars

box chart

used to display categorical data, displaying bars associated with each of a variable's attributes that extend outward relative to the number of times the attribute is observed

box plot

used to display interval- or ratio-level measures and shows the spread of a distribution based on that distribution's quartiles

pie chart

uses a circular-shaped graphic divided into different-sized slices that represent each of a variable's attributes

adjacent

whiskers