Crop Production- Exam 2 (Chapter 14)

How much residue does moldboard plowing typically leave?

0 to 15 percent

On approximately how much planted land is conventional tillage used in the United States?

1/3

Dormant seeds usually have around what percentage of moisture?

15 percent

Match each crop with its optimum temperature for germination. - alfalfa

40-50°F (4-10°C)

Match each crop with its optimum temperature for germination. - flax

40-50°F (4-10°C)

Match each crop with its optimum temperature for germination. - wheat

40-50°F (4-10°C)

Match each crop with its optimum temperature for germination. - corn

50-60°F (10-16°C)

Match each crop with its optimum temperature for germination. - rice

50-60°F (10-16°C)

Match each crop with its optimum temperature for germination. - soybean

50-60°F (10-16°C)

True or False: Conventional tillage requires less time and energy than conservation tillage.

False

True or False: Light is a requirement for germination for most crop species.

False

True or False: Moldboard plowing leaves adequate residue cover to protect the soil.

False

True or False: No-till is commonly used on wet soils in northern regions.

False

True or False: Oxygen is not a factor in seed germination.

False

True or False: Primary tillage smooths the seedbed for planting.

False

True or False: Typical row spacing of corn and soybean have increased since the 1950s.

False

____________________ seeding is broadcast seeding of a crop when the ground is frozen.

Frost

____________________ is the percentage of soil surface covered with remains of the last crop.

Residue

True or False: A benefit to the ridge till system is earlier planting.

True

True or False: At low seeding rates, plant populations are not utilizing resources optimally

True

True or False: Excessive plowing can lead to the loss of organic matter.

True

True or False: Fall plowing can facilitate earlier planting.

True

True or False: Good soil-to-seed contact is important for planting success.

True

True or False: Seed of some cereal crops undergoes after-ripening before germination.

True

True or False: The incorporation of plant residues into soil increases their rate of decay.

True

True or False: The initiation of metabolic processes in the seed occurs after germination.

True

True or False: The mechanism of dormancy can result in germination being staggered over years.

True

Broadcast seeding is most likely to be used with which of the following crops?

alfalfa

Most farmers get their seed by:

buying from private seed companies

The primary tillage implement used in mulch tillage is the _________________________.

chisel plow

____________________ tillage leaves a minimum of 30 percent residue

conservation

Which of the following crops leaves the most residue after harvest?

corn

The two equipment methods of seeding are ____________________ and ____________________.

cultipacker and air seeders

____________________ is the failure of a seed to germinate despite having all the required factors for germination met.

dormancy

Seed planted too deep will:

exhaust their energy reserves

Which piece of equipment shears off sections of soil and flips them over?

moldboard plow

The system where planters with disk openers slice through crop residues and deposit the seed is called ____________________.

no till

Which of the following would most likely be used to plant a restored prairie?

non-till grassland drill

Hard seed is an example of what type of barrier to germination?

physical

______________________________ refers to seed viability and purity

pure live seed (PLS)

Which of the following would most likely be used to plant corn?

row crop planter

In which soil should seed be planted the deepest?

sand

Hard seed must undergo what process before planting?

scarification

The process that ensures genetic integrity and quality of seed is called _________________________.

seed certification

Which of the following would be planted earliest in the year?

small grains

Which crop is more likely to be negatively affected by crusting of the soil surface?

soybean

The system that involves tilling a narrow 8- to 12-inch band in crop residue in the fall and planting the row crop the following spring is called ____________________.

strip tillage

The general rule for planting depth is to go no deeper than:

ten times the seed diameter