Cross-sectional final exam

Using the diagram below, identify this muscle.

Serratus posterior inferior

True vertebrae are sometimes fixed and unmovable.

False

Why are the intermediate muscles also classified as extrinsic muscles?

They do not develop embryonically

There are false vertebrae in the spine. Which is NOT a false vertebrae?

Thoracic

It is difficult to distinguish the spinalis thoracic from the longissimus muscle.

True

The zygoapophyseal (also known as the apophyseal) joint are created when two adjacent vertebrae meet. They help guide and limit spinal motion. This is part of a typical vertebrae.

True

Which mater will you find most of the cells insulated in myelin?

White

Which is NOT an extrinsic muscle?

Iliocostalis

Which lobe of the liver usually presents with Riedel lobe?

Right

Which intermediate muscle attaches the vertebral column to the ribs. It helps to stabilize the ribs when we expire by elevating the ribs.

Serratus posterior superior

The ______________ is a structure made of bundles of nerves. It extends from the lower part of the brain to the top of the lumbar.

Spinal cord

Which is NOT a division of the spinalis muscles?

Spinalis sacrum

The large ligament found between the posterior muscles of C1 - C7 spinous processes and functions to limit hyperflexion of the neck is:

Ligamentum nuchae

Which anatomical variant can mimic venous sinus thrombosis?

None of the above

Select which that are found on atypical vertebrae:

Odontoid process

_ is an opening through which the spinal cord, nerves and ligaments pass

Vertebral foramen

When viewing a cross section of the spinal cord, the mater shaped like a butterfly and is responsible for muscle control and sensory perception is:

Gray

Which anatomical variants can be mistaken for liver cancer?

Biliary hamartoma

This large rare benign tumor is composed of adipose tissue.

Myelolipoma

Using the diagram below, identify the structure labeled "B".

Spinal nerve

The structure also known as the "horse tail" because it is a bunder of spinal nerves and nerve rootlets leaving the lumbar vertebrae is:

Cauda equina

The three layers of meninges STOP at the brain.

False

There are _____ pairs of spinal nerves

31

Which is not an atypical vertebrae

C3

Which nerve plexus supplies the chest and shoulder?

Brachial

Which is not a part of the Peripheral Nervous System?

Brain and spinal cord

As we learned, there are associated ligaments responsible for holding the vertebrae together. The ligament attached to the posterior surface of the vertebrae body and the intervertebral discs in the spinal canal is the:

Ligamentum flava

The _________________________________originates from the transverse processes of L1-L5 and attaches to the transverse processes of T2-T12 and ribs 3-12. It holds the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spine erect when contracting bilaterally.

Longissimus thoracis

The _____________ brings information from the brain to the many parts of the body. This system is located OUTSIDE of the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral nervous system

There are four curves in the spine. Which is an example of those curves that develop after birth?

cervical