CSCE 4385 Digital Image Processing – Final Exam Review

A second order derivative operator can be defined as __________. a. Laplacian b. Gaussian c. Histogram d. None of the above

a. Laplacian

Image processing involves how many steps? a) 7 b) 8 c) 13 d) 10

d) 10

What are the categories of digital image processing? a) Image Enhancement b) Image Classification and Analysis c) Image Transformation d) All of the mentioned

d) All of the mentioned

The lower limit of the dynamic range ratio can be determined by a. Brightness b. Contrast c. Saturation d. Noise

d. Noise

Which of the following requires to specify the information at the time of input? a. Power transformation b. Log transformation c. Linear transformation d. Piece-wise transformation

d. Piece-wise transformation

Smoothing filter is used to remove __________ from an image. a. Smooth transitions of brightness levels b. Smooth transitions of grey levels c. Sharp transitions of brightness levels d. Sharp transitions of grey levels.

d. Sharp transitions of grey levels.

Which of the following fact is correct for an image? a) An image is the multiplication of illumination and reflectance component b) An image is the subtraction of reflectance component from illumination component c) An image is the subtraction of illumination component from reflectance component d) An image is the addition of illumination and reflectance component

a) An image is the multiplication of illumination and reflectance component

Which of the following operation is done on the pixels in sharpening the image, in the spatial domain? a) Differentiation b) Median c) Integration d) Average

a) Differentiation

The effect caused by the use of an insufficient number of intensity levels in smooth areas of a digital image _____________ a) False Contouring b) Interpolation c) Gaussian smooth d) Contouring

a) False Contouring

Which characteristics are taken together in chromaticity? a) Hue and Saturation b) Hue and Brightness c) Saturation, Hue, and Brightness d) Saturation and Brightness

a) Hue and Saturation

Which of the following is the first and foremost step in Image Processing? a) Image acquisition b) Segmentation c) Image enhancement d) Image restoration

a) Image acquisition

Which of the following is the abbreviation of JPEG? a) Joint Photographic Experts Group b) Joint Photographs Expansion Group c) Joint Photographic Expanded Group d) Joint Photographic Expansion Group

a) Joint Photographic Experts Group

Region of Interest (ROI) operations is generally known as _______ a) Masking b) Dilation c) Shading correction d) None of the Mentioned

a) Masking

Which of the following is the expansion of PDF, in uniform PDF? a) Probability Density Function b) Previously Derived Function c) Post Derivation Function d) Portable Document Format

a) Probability Density Function

Approaches to image processing that work directly on the pixels of incoming image work in ____________ a) Spatial domain b) Inverse transformation c) Transform domain d) None of the Mentioned

a) Spatial domain

What is the name of the process that moves a filter mask over the image, followed by calculating the sum of products? a. Correlation b. Convolution c. Linear spatial filtering d. Non-linear spatial filtering

a. Correlation

Which of the following possess maximum frequency? a. Gamma Rays b. UV Rays c. Microwaves d. Radio waves

a. Gamma Rays

Which of the following is the correct application of image blurring? a. Gross representation b. Object motion c. Object detection d. Image segmentation

a. Gross representation

What is the name of the process in which the known data is utilized to evaluate the value at an unknown location? a. Interpolation b. Acquisition c. Pixelation d. None of the above

a. Interpolation

Which of the following is the most famous single sensor utilized for image acquisition? a. Photodiode b. CMOS c. Microdensitometer d. None of the above

a. Photodiode

How to carry out an array function together with one or more images? a. Pixel by Pixel b. Column by Column c. Array by Array d. Row by Row

a. Pixel by Pixel

At what points, a continuous image is digitized? a. Sampling b. Vertex c. Contour d. Random

a. Sampling

Blurring an image with the help of a smoothing filter may lead to noise reduction. a. True b. False

a. True

Which of the following is the correct representation of log transformation? a. s=clog10(1+r) b. s=clog10(1/r) c. s=clog10(1-r) d. s=clog10(1*r)

a. s=clog10(1+r)

Which of the following is the role played by segmentation in image processing? a) Deals with property in which images are subdivided successively into smaller regions b) Deals with partitioning an image into its constituent parts or objects c) Deals with extracting attributes that result in some quantitative information of interest d) Deals with techniques for reducing the storage required saving an image, or the bandwidth required transmitting it

b) Deals with partitioning an image into its constituent parts or objects

What is Digital Image Processing? a) It's an application that alters digital videos b) It's a software that allows altering digital pictures c) It's a system that manipulates digital medias d) It's a machine that allows altering digital images

b) It's a software that allows altering digital pictures

Which side of the greyscale is the components of the histogram concentrated in a dark image? a) Medium b) Low c) Evenly distributed d) High

b) Low

Which of the following is the next step in image processing after compression? a) Representation and description b) Morphological processing c) Segmentation d) Wavelets

b) Morphological processing

Which of the following filter's responses is based on the pixels ranking? a) Sharpening filters b) Nonlinear smoothing filters c) Geometric mean filter d) Linear smoothing filters

b) Nonlinear smoothing filters

Which of the following in an image can be removed by using a smoothing filter? a) Sharp transitions of brightness levels b) Sharp transitions of gray levels c) Smooth transitions of gray levels d) Smooth transitions of brightness levels

b) Sharp transitions of gray levels

What is the procedure done on a digital image to alter the values of its individual pixels known as? a) Geometric Spacial Transformation b) Single Pixel Operation c) Image Registration d) Neighbourhood Operations

b) Single Pixel Operation

What is the smallest possible value of the gradient image? a. 1 b. 0 c. e d. -e

b. 0

Which of the following fact is true for an image? a. An image is the subtraction of the illumination component from the reflectance component. b. An image is the multiplication of the illumination and reflectance component. c. An image is the addition of illumination and reflectance component d. An image is the subtraction of the reflectance component from the illumination component

b. An image is the multiplication of the illumination and reflectance component.

Which of the following is the disadvantage of a smoothing filter? a. Blur inner pixels b. Blur edges c. Sharp edges d. Remove sharp transitions

b. Blur edges

A smoothing filter can also be called a median filter. a. True b. False

b. False

A smoothing spatial filter cannot smooth the false contour. a. True b. False

b. False

What is the name of the tool that helps in zooming, shrinking, rotating, etc.? a. Filters b. Interpolation c. Sampling d. None of the above

b. Interpolation

Which of the following operations is used in homographic filtering for converting the input image to discrete Fourier transformed function? a. Exponential Function b. Logarithmic Function c. Negative Function d. None of the above

b. Logarithmic Function

What is meant by Region of Interest (ROI) operations? a. Dilation b. Masking c. Shading correction d. None of the above

b. Masking

Median filters belong to which category of filter? a. Frequency Domain Filter b. Order Static Filter c. Linear Spatial Filter d. Sharpening Filter

b. Order Static Filter

________ represents the transition between image function's continuous values and its digital equivalent. a. Rasterization b. Quantization c. Sampling d. None of the above

b. Quantization

Which of the following color possess the longest wavelength in the visible spectrum? a. Yellow b. Red c. Blue d. Violet

b. Red

If each element of set X is also an element of set Y, then X can be called ________ of set Y. a. Union b. Subset c. Disjoint d. Complement Set

b. Subset

_________ can be visualized as an electromagnetic wave. a. cosine wave b. sine wave c. tangential wave d. None of the above

b. sine wave

Which of the following process helps in Image enhancement? a) Digital Image Processing b) Analog Image Processing c) Both a and b d) None of the above

c) Both a and b

_________ is the process of moving a filter mask over the image and computing the sum of products at each location. a) Nonlinear spatial filtering b) Convolution c) Correlation d) Linear spatial filtering

c) Correlation

Which of the following image processing approaches is the fastest, most accurate, and flexible? a) Photographic b) Electronic c) Digital d) Optical

c) Digital

_________ enhance Image Differentiation? a) Pixel Density b) Contours c) Edges d) None of the mentioned

c) Edges

What are the names of the various color image processing categories? a) Pseudo-color and Multi-color processing b) Half-color and pseudo-color processing c) Full-color and pseudo-color processing d) Half-color and full-color processing

c) Full-color and pseudo-color processing

Which of the following is the primary objective of sharpening of an image? a) Decrease the brightness of the image b) Increase the brightness of the image c) Highlight fine details in the image d) Blurring the image

c) Highlight fine details in the image

Which of the following is the application of Histogram Equalisation? a) Blurring b) Contrast adjustment c) Image enhancement d) None of the Mentioned

c) Image enhancement

Which of the following tool is used in tasks such as zooming, shrinking, rotating, etc.? a) Filters b) Sampling c) Interpolation d) None of the Mentioned

c) Interpolation

___________ is a commercial use of Image Subtraction. a) MRI scan b) CT scan c) Mask mode radiography d) None of the Mentioned

c) Mask mode radiography

___________ determines the quality of a digital image. a) The discrete gray levels b) The number of samples c) discrete gray levels & number of samples d) None of the mentioned

c) discrete gray levels & number of samples

What is the name of the property that indicates the output of linear operation (i.e., the sum of two inputs) similar to that of operation first being performed on individual inputs and then summing up the respective outcomes? a. Heterogeneity b. Homogeneity c. Additivity d. None of the above

c. Additivity

What is the full form of CAT in image processing? a. Computer-Aided Tomography b. Computer-Aided Telegraphy c. Computerized Axial Tomography d. Computerized Axial Telegraphy

c. Computerized Axial Tomography

Which of the following filter possess lower frequency? a. High pass filter b. Bandpass filter c. Low pass filter d. None of the above

c. Low pass filter

What is the real-world application of image subtraction? a. MRI scan b. CT scan c. Mask mode radiography d. None of the above

c. Mask mode radiography

Which of the following is not a correct example of Image Multiplication? a. Masking b. Shading Correction c. Pixelation d. Region of Interest Operations

c. Pixelation

Which of the following is used to resolve the dark features in the image? a. Gaussian Transform b. Laplacian Transform c. Power-law Transformation d. Histogram Specification

c. Power-law Transformation

The dynamic range of the imaging system is a quantitative relation where the upper limit can be determined by a. Brightness b. Contrast c. Saturation d. Noise

c. Saturation

What is meant by the section of the real plane that the image coordinates have spanned? a. Coordinate Axis b. Plane of Symmetry c. Spatial Domain d. None of the above

c. Spatial Domain

What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency? a. frequency = wavelength / c b. c = wavelength / frequency c. c = wavelength * frequency d. wavelength = c * frequency

c. c = wavelength * frequency

Which of the following the general representation of power transformation? a. c = sry b. s = rcy c. s = cry d. s = rc

c. s = cry

Among the following, functions that can be performed by digital image processing is? a) Fast image storage and retrieval b) Controlled viewing c) Image reformatting d) All of the above

d) All of the above

Which of the following is an example of Digital Image Processing? a) Computer Graphics b) Pixels c) Camera Mechanism d) All of the mentioned

d) All of the mentioned

Which of the following makes an image difficult to enhance? a) Dynamic range of intensity levels b) High noise c) Narrow range of intensity levels d) All of the mentioned

d) All of the mentioned

Which of the following occurs in Unsharp Masking? a) Subtracting blurred image from original b) Blurring the original image c) Adding a mask to the original image d) All of the mentioned

d) All of the mentioned

The aliasing effect on an image can be reduced using which of the following methods? a) By reducing the high-frequency components of image by clarifying the image b) By increasing the high-frequency components of image by clarifying the image c) By increasing the high-frequency components of image by blurring the image d) By reducing the high-frequency components of image by blurring the image

d) By reducing the high-frequency components of image by blurring the image

Which of the following comes under the application of image blurring? a) Image segmentation b) Object motion c) Object detection d) Gross representation

d) Gross representation

________ is the principle objective of Sharpening, to highlight transitions. a) Brightness b) Pixel density c) Composure d) Intensity

d) Intensity

Which of the following statement describe the term pixel depth? a) It is the number of units used to represent each pixel in RGB space b) It is the number of mm used to represent each pixel in RGB space c) It is the number of bytes used to represent each pixel in RGB space d) It is the number of bits used to represent each pixel in RGB space

d) It is the number of bits used to represent each pixel in RGB space

The digitization process, in which the digital image comprises M rows and N columns, necessitates choices for M, N, and the number of grey levels per pixel, L. M and N must have which of the following values? a) M have to be positive and N have to be negative integer b) M have to be negative and N have to be positive integer c) M and N have to be negative integer d) M and N have to be positive integer

d) M and N have to be positive integer

Which of the following illustrates three main types of image enhancing functions? a) Linear, logarithmic and power law b) Linear, logarithmic and inverse law c) Linear, exponential and inverse law d) Power law, logarithmic and inverse law

d) Power law, logarithmic and inverse law

Points whose locations are known exactly in the input and reference images are used in Geometric Spacial Transformation. a) Known points b) Key-points c) Réseau points d) Tie points

d) Tie points

How does picture formation in the eye vary from image formation in a camera? a) Fixed focal length b) Varying distance between lens and imaging plane c) No difference d) Variable focal length

d) Variable focal length

What is the output of a smoothing, linear spatial filter? a. Median of pixels b. Maximum of pixels c. Minimum of pixels d. Average of pixels

d. Average of pixels

Which of the following is the effect of using an inadequate amount of intensity levels in a digital image's smooth areas? a. Contouring b. Interpolation c. Gaussian smooth d. False Contouring

d. False Contouring

Which of the following correctly describes the slightest visible change in the level of intensity? a. Contour b. Saturation c. Contrast d. Intensity Resolution

d. Intensity Resolution

Name the procedure in which individual pixel values of the digital image get altered. a. Neighborhood Operations b. Image Registration c. Geometric Spatial Transformation d. Single Pixel Operation

d. Single Pixel Operation