csuf art 101 (david plouffe) - final exam, art final, csuf art 101 (david plouffe) - final exam, ART101 Final: David Plouffe, csuf art 101 (david plouffe) - final exam
Photography and Social Reform
"How the Other Half Lives" by Jacob Riis - shows poverty and homelessness
Photography Publication
"Pencil of nature" " How the other half lives" "life" magazine
Photography Publication
"Pencil of nature" by William talbot "How the other half lives" (social reform) "life" magazine
Renaissance Art
"Rebirth" of sculpture, painting, architecture, introduced many new techniques - artists: Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Donatello, Martin Luther, Christopher Columbus
Photography Publication
"pencil of nature" "how the other half lives" "life" magazine
Renaissance
"rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome
raphael
"the small cowper madonna"; studied poetry, law, philosophy, and religion; buried in the pantheon
Graphite/Pencil
#1 the most common drawing material(variety density)
Graphite/Pencil
#1 the most common drawing material(variety density); allows for photorealism
Photography in social reform
'How the other half lives' - Jacob Reis Lewis Hines photos of child labor
Photography as publications
'The pencil of nature' by Talbot - first book over photographs ever produced 'LIFE Magazine'
The Crystal Palace
- Architect: Joseph Paxton - first modern building - skeleton-and-skin architecture
Household- Allan Kaprow, 1964
- Famous Happenings - found a way to transfer the meaning of the work to the audience
Daguerreotypes
- Louis Mandé Daguerre - the first practical photographs - each daguerreotype is a unique image on a silver colored plate
Graphite
- Most common drawing material. a shiny, black substance that is used in pencils
Pablo Picasso affairs
- Olga Khokhlova - Marie-Therese Walker - Dora Maar - Francois Gilot
Silhoutte Machine (before camera)
- a person sitting in a chair with a light being reflected onto them - artist would trace silhoutte of the person - ex: like at Disneyland
Barrel Vaulss
- arches that are lined up one after the other in a row - used extensively in Christian churches
Installation Art
- are created using multiple objects - should be viewed as one artwork - created inside a building (using a gallery set)
William Morris Kent
- artist, craftsman, social reformer, writer - interested in the renewal of simplicity, beauty, and craftsmanship - Morris & Company opens in 1861
Vicenzo Peruggia
- carpenter - August 1911, steps out of a storage closet (was hiding overnight) - steals the Mona Lisa
Slab Construction
- clay is pounded out into flat circular shape and the edges are drawn up (like pie crust)
Tempera
- created from egg yolk and pigment mixed together - traditionally painted on wooden panels that are first treated with Gesso
Art Movements (Pablo Picasso)
- cubism - symbolism - surrealism
Camera Obscura (before camera)
- dark room - room-sized area that would have pinholes and the light would be inverted - the artist would sketch/draw the image - the image would be traced
Streamlining
- emerges in the mid 1930s - AMERICAN - defining characteristics: - a teardrop shaped line offering the least amount of resistance to a current of air - design yields maximum efficiency - organic/curvilinear
The Spiral Jetty- Robert Smithson, 1970
- example of earthwork - the most fundamental form in nature, that shells, and DNA molecules are based in the spiral shape
Shoot- Chris Burden, 1971
- example of performance art - audience members are called to witness an event
The Artist is Present- Marina Abramović, 2010
- example of performance art - lasted 3 months Marina would sit in a chair, silently staring for hours
Arches
- extremely versatile tool for architects - can be used in several ways
Happening
- first form of performance art - happenings are performed according to a plan, but without rehearsal
Ionic Column (Greek)
- imported from Ionia - more slender and elegant - spiral scrolls
Heliography
- invented by Nicephore Niepce - had a camera obscura, wanted to make it permanent - took a plate and covered it with a bit of asphalt compound and slid it into the camera obscura rinsed it with saltwater and heated it with iodine
Morris & Company
- made everything for the home - pictures, mirror frames - famous for textiles
Ceramics
- made through additive process of sculpting - 3 quality levels of ceramics: earthenware, stoneware, porcelain
why do people steal art?
- money - ease - size/shape - enforcement
Corinthian Column (Greek)
- most famous order - ornate - Roman
Early Renaissance (1300s)
- now see individuals being associated to the work they produce - moved away from the technical skill that was looked upon so highly - relied on patronage
Doric Column (Greek)
- oldest - ist directly on the floor - semicurved portion
Kelmscott Press (1888)
- publisher - best known work: Chaucer
In-relief
- seen from one side carved from it's background
Guernica- Pablo Picasso, 1937
- some parts were painted by Dora Maar - Picasso's 2nd most important work
Photography and Entertainment
- stereoscope/stereo cards - give a 3D effect
Casting (example of additive)
- take molten metal and pour it into molds - creating a hollow structure - ex: like a chocolate Easter bunny
Modeling (example of additive)
- taking a pliabel material such as clay - form it into the object and put it into a kiln - like ceramics
Assemblage (example of additive)
- taking non-art elements that are basically trash - making it into art
As an environment
- the most common environments are installations and earthworks - create for a specific area/location
Photography and Documentation
- the most vast - main use was on expeditions - first war to be photographed was the Crimean War
Lost-wax casting method
- used to create a hollow sculpture - less material used, thus reducing the cost of materials, as well as the weight of sculpture - used to reduce expenses
Stephane Breitweiser (art thief)
- waiter - stealing in March 1995 - stole 239 objects - wrote a book called "Confessions of an Art Thief"
Late (High) Renaissance (1500s)
- where people felt the most comfortable - most famous painter is Michelangelo (produces David) - Pope Julius II begins to ask artists to produce work for the church
Late/High Renaissance
-1500s -leonardo davinci, raphael, and michelangelo -1st book of art history by Giorgio vasari -vatican is created -sack of rome
mannerism
-Artistic movement against the Renaissance ideals of classical, ideal, graceful art -manipulates and distorts formal elements - i.e. madonna of the long neck by paemigianino
Additive Process
-Modeling -Casting -Assembling
art movements Pablo Picasso contributed to
-cubism -symbolism -surrealism
middle renaissance
-in florence when taxes, plague. attacks from naples and Milan, and other natural catastrophes happened -medici family comes to power -invention of oil paints and use of canvas is new
michel angelo
-inspired by Masaccio -lives in medici household -created statue of david (17ft sculpture) -sistine chapel painting (hated painting it)
Metalpoint
-most commonly used during late renaissance. Refers to the process of drawing faint lines, which become more visible when reacting to oxygen on an abrasive surface with a metal stylus
vivian maier
-nanny who took street photography -photographs found by John maloof -dark side to her -fake names -hoarder -showed realities of humanity and human tragedy
before the camera (1400s)
-silhouettes -camera obscura
leonardo da vinci
-started more art than finished -started painting at age 42 -created the last supper (destroyed in ww2) -cannot paint fresco -resume is about building weapons and is exaggerated -mona lisa was a commission but never gave it away
Subtractive Process
1) Carving-Block
Additive Process
1) Modeling 2)Casting 3) Assemblingf
Additive Process
1) Modeling: w hands and clay 2)Casting: liquid metal creating hollow statues (Burghers of Calais story: sacrificed themselves for their city) 3) Assemblage: using non art elements
Process of making a daguerreotype
1-preparing the plate 2-taking the exposition 3-developing 4-hand coloring 5-protecting, presenting, preserving
3 Orders of Greek Architecture
1. Doric- oldest, masculine, simple 2. Ionic- feminine 3. Corinthian- extremely ornamented (Roman)
3 orders of greek architecture
1. Doric- oldest, masculine, simple 2. Ionic- feminine 3. Corinthian- extremely ornamented (Roman)
3 orders of greek architecture
1. Doric- oldest, masculine, simple 2. Ionic- feminine (from anatolia) 3. Corinthian- extremely ornamented (Roman)
Picaso's most famous pieces
1. Ladies of the whorehouse 2. Guernica - for the bombing in a town
process of making a daguerreotype
1. prepare the plate 2. taking the exposure 3. developing 4. hand-coloring (eyes) 5. protect/preserve
Hitler's plan
1. rid the world of bad art 2. collect Europe's finest art treasures
who pays for renaissance art?
1. wealthy families (Medici family) 2. church 3. guilds 4. civil bodies / government
picasso's luncheon on the grass
150 different versions of the original by Manet
When was the birth of photography?
1839
Blue Period (Picasso)
1901-1904 - blue was the dominant color - issues about the poor, homeless, beggars
Rose Period (Picasso)
1904-1905 - lighter palette - Picasso moves to Paris
Post and Lintel
2 posts hold up a lintel (ex: stonehedge)
Post and Lintel
2 vertical posts support a horizontal lintel - cabinet-like system - ex: Stonehedge
Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum Heist
3/18/1990; 13 pieces of art stolen and were never retrieved; biggest art theft in the USA
high relief
3D - looked like they have been carved separately and placed against a backdrop - carved from the background
In-The-Round (ways to experience sculpture)
3D art objects, view from all sides
the bauhaus
A German interdisciplinary school of fine and applied arts that brought together many leading modern architects, designers, and theatrical innovators. AVANT GUARDE, moved to dessau, hitler killed it
camera obscura (dark room)
A darkened box used as a drawing aid in the 16th century; before photography
corbeling
A method for creating walls and roofs by layering stones so that they project inward over the layer beneath, buildings 15-20 feet in diameter.
Encaustic
A painting technique in which pigment is mixed with hot wax and applied to the surface while hot., many are mummy portraits.
Encaustic
A painting technique in which pigment is mixed with wax and applied to the surface while hot. - fast work - oldest in painting media
Acrylic
A plastic resin that, when mixed with water and pigment, forms an inorganic and quick-drying paint medium. density good- like impasto and oil paints---dries rapidly, will not crack,
Monotype
A printmaking process in which only one impression , rarest form. Some argue that it is not even printmaking.
Monotype
A printmaking process in which only one impression results - the artists creates the design on the metal plate - created in reverse, so the foreground is created first and the background is created last
Kelmscott Press
A publishing company founded by William Morris which produced beautifully crafted books using only the finest materials etc.r
Linocut
A relief process in printmaking, in which an artist cuts away negative spaces from a block of linoleum, leaving raised areas to take ink for printing.
Linocut
A relief process in printmaking, in which an artist cuts away negative spaces from a block of linoleum, leaving raised areas to take ink for printing. Has an advantage because it is softer than wood and easier to cut, but also means it can get distorted more easily.
As An Environment (ways to experience sculpture)
A sculptural space into which the viewer can physically enter and move around in. Surrounds the viewer. Viewer is inside the artwork. Often transforms the space -installations -earthworks
As An Environment (ways to experience sculpture)
A sculptural space into which the viewer can physically enter and move around in. Surrounds the viewer. Viewer is inside the artwork. Often transforms the space -installations -earthworks Ex: spiral jetty, lighting field
As An Environment (ways to experience sculpture)
A sculptural space into which the viewer can physically enter and move around in; for a specific location -installations" chris burden's Urban Lights -earthworks: spiral jetty and lightning field (400 poles)
Contrapposto
A style of Greek sculpture where people are depicted standing and leaning so that the person's weight is being put on one side. People are depicted with their bodies curved like an "S"
Assemblage
A three-dimensional composition in which a collection of objects is unified in a sculptural work, newest form, rose after world war ii.
Photography and Politics
Abraham Lincoln
Photography in politics
Abraham Lincoln's portrait by Matthew Brady
The Red House by Phillip Webb
Against modernism, gothic revival, one building material
cartoons
An early form of preliminary drawings. a drawing completed as a full-scale working drawing for a mural or fresco or larger piece of work
mosaic
Art consisting of a design made of small pieces of colored stone or glass- roman, emperor justinian.
When was the birth of photography?
August 19th, 1839
when was the birth of photography?
August 19th, 1839
Thomas Bruce/ Lord Elgin (art thief)
British Ambassador of the Ottoman Empire - in Greece during 1801, obtains "permission" from the Ottoman authorities to purchase half of the sculptures in the Pantheon
Robbie House by Frank Lloyd Wright
Built from center -> out
Photography and Documentation
Cameras were taken on expeditions, and to capture things around the world, dorothy lange is notorious for this, great depression.
ink
Can be applied with pen or brush. wash, 3 dimensional scene
photography and feminism
Candy Sherman
Subtractive Process
Chip away at marble, stone, woood until work is complete, go all the way back to ancient Egyptians and greeks
chalk
Comes in variety of colors, can be used for fine points and bold gestural lines. point and rubbing use - chiaroscuro
oil painting
Created in 1430's N. Europe which became very popular by 1500's because of its gestural freedom (starry night) and is super slow to dry so can be edited for days (1 year to officially dry)
Art Loss register
Database for lost art
art deco
Descended from Art Nouveau, this movement of the 1920s and 1930s sought to upgrade industrial design in competition with "fine art" and to work new materials into decorative patterns that could be either machined or handcrafted. Characterized by rectilinear lines, geometric shapes.streamlined, elongated, and symmetrical design, sharp 90 degree angles
Photography and Art
Dianne Arubus: the boy with the toy hand grenade
orders of greek architecture
Doric, Ionic, Corinthian
Where did art start? What id the foundation of Art?
Drawing
Where did art start? What is the foundation of Art?
Drawing
De Stijl
Emerges in Holland at the end of WWI - defining characteristics: - clarity, certainty, order - based on 90 degree angles, straight lines, geometric shapes
Intaglio Painting
Engravings, etchings, dry points (exact opposite of relief process; paint from negative space that has been carved out
Intaglio Painting
Engravings, etchings, dry points(exact opposite of relief process; paint from negative space)
international style architecture
Europe, Pilotis-columns ribbon windows, few walls rooftop garden regular, unadorned geometric forms open interiors use of glass, steel, and reinforced concrete
intaglio printing
Exact opposite of relief.Print is created from the negative space rather than positive. In this process, the area to be printed is below the surface of the plate. Utilizes metal plates and has three categories; engraving, etching, drypoint.
Pantheon- Rome, Italy (117-125 AD)
Example of domes inside
Mannerism
Experimentation of classic pieces, dont fit in renaissance definition, manipulation and distortion, ex: madonna of the long neck but big babies
Middle Renaissance
FLORENCE.. medici family..donatello worked for them... linear perspective introduced.. more advanced works with light inclusion, 12 year old david, technical advancement, linear perspective,
Art Nouveau
FRANCE embraced the future a style of decorative art and architecture characterized by curving shapes abstracted from nature " hotel tassel", "portrait of adele"
Crystal palace by J. Paxton
First modern building, with glass walls, build for 1st world's fair
Middle Renaissance (1400s)
Florence, Italy - Medici family: "godfather" of the Renaissance - Donatello worked with the Medici family - technological advancement - revolutionized how 3D artworks rendered
Arts and Crafts Movement
Founded by William Morris in England: - a reaction against the industrial revolution and the perceived decline of design quality; - advocating a return to handicraft.
Michael Angelo
Grew up with rich Medici Family, sculptures, Sistine chapel ceiling
tympanum
Half-round panel that fills the space between the lintle and arch over the doorway of the church; usually bible art
Degenerate Art
Hitler calls these artists "degenerate": having let the physical, mantels, or moral qualities that re considered to be normal and desirable...showing evidence of decline. impressionists, cubists, expressionists, surrealists, dadaists
Degenerate Art
Hitler calls these artists "degenerate": impressionists, cubists, expressionists, surrealists, dadaists
Picaso's blue period
Homeless, 'victims of society', ex: LA Vie suicide of his friend
Skeleton and Skin System
In architecture, one of the two basic structural systems, which consists of - an interior frame, the skeleton, that supports the more fragile outer covering of the building, the skin
skeleton and skin system
In architecture, one of the two basic structural systems, which consists of an interior frame, the skeleton, that supports the more fragile outer covering of the building, the skin, crystal palace- joseph paxton.
tympanum
In medieval and later architecture, the area over a door enclosed by an arch and a lintel, often decorated with sculpture or mosaic.
Shell System
Iskin system) one basic material provides structural and outside support (pyramids)
ceramics
Josiah Wedgewood, objects made from clay or other combinations of minerals baked at high temperature different qualities; earthenware, stoneware, porcelain
inventors of photography
LOTS OF PEOPLE (however Daguerre gets credit)
inventors of photography
LOTS OF PEOPLE especially niepce who invented holography. (however Daguerre gets credit) 1839.
Photography in Feminism
Lead by Cindy Sherman who depicted women of the era
photography as social reform
Lewis Hines photography brought awareness to child labor
photography and social reform
Lewis Hines- Cotton Mills an other jobs, insist on child labor laws.
Picaso's Rose period
Lighter palette, Gertrude stein becomes patron
Ink (Pen/Brush)
Liquid drawing material, used with brush or an applicator
ink (pen/brush)
Liquid drawing material, used with brush or an applicator
who gets credit for inventing photography?
Louis-Jacque Mande Daguerre
modern arch in america
Marshal fiels wholesale store. Built in chicago after fire , heavy and bulky, but skeleton similar to the crystal palace.
Prairie-Style architecture
Modern architecture style meant to mimic rolling parries used by Frank Lloyd Wright in the Robie House - He replaced boxy rooms with open spaces, which created a "floating quality" meant to minimize the noticeability of vertical elements.
prairie style architecture
Modern architecture style meant to mimic rolling parries, used by FLW in the Robie house. He replaced boxy rooms with open spaces, which created a "floating quality" meant to minimize the noticeability of vertical elements, windows for natural light, roof
Acrylic
Newest medium 1950's, same as oil paint but dries quicker, spreadable by water
Drypoint
Not seen very often, but has a short print run
Leonardo da Vinci
Only finished 20 pieces, most famously for last supper and Mona Lisa, started painting at 42 years old, art was hobby for him (better with math and science), civil engineer, Mona Lisa one of first portraits to face forward
Photorealism
Paintings executed in a highly realistic fashion that look almost like photography
The Red House
Philip Web and William Morris Kent, 1859-1860
contrapposto stance
Position of a figure in which hips and legs are not parallel to head and shoulders, weight shift,
subtractive process
Processes that remove material to change the size, shape, or surface of a part. CARVING
Picaso
Produced 15,000 pieces over 91 years alive
What kind of architecture is Corinthian Architecture?
Roman
Which Ancient Civilization gave us the arch?
Roman
photogrqohy and art
Sally man
Photography and Science
Studies physiology
Photography and Science
Studies physiology - studies locomotion - xray
Appropriation
Taking something for yourself,
arches
The Romans create lasting structures using this, voussoirs and keystone, can build up to 60 ft in diameter unlike corbeling. Pont du Gard aqueduct used first.
Fresco Painting
The art of painting on fresh, moist plaster with pigments dissolved in water. Paint becomes part of the wall, rather than resting on the surface. found on island of crete long before renaissance, limited color pallete, artists had to work fast.
Woodcut
The most popular of the relief processes. a print created from an incised piece of wood, parts where you don't want ink (negative areas) are carved out. These utilize plank side of wood
Additive process
The process of creating an object by adding small pieces or layers together to make a final product. - clay
Additive Process
The process of creating an object by adding small pieces or layers together to make a final product. The subcategories; modeling,casting assemblage.
Photography as art
Timothy o'sullivan - civil war photos Angel Adams - US geological survey crew Diane Arbus - photographed minorities Sally Mann - portraits with glass
Watercolor
Transparent or opaque, made of pigment and gum aribic
Engraving
Used to mass produce, illustration for books. A lot of pressure so art will have an indent on edges.
Gouache
Watercolor mixed with chalk, bad for blending, 3D effect
Pablo Picasso
a Spanish artist, founder of Cubism, which focused on geometric shapes and overlapping planes
Arts and Crafts Movement
a beautiful/useful movement based in England in the late 1800s, based its forms found in nature (curvilinear and organic)
Arts and Crafts Movement
a beautiful/useful movement based in England in the late 1800s, based its forms found in nature, hated modernism and machines, art should be made by humans organically with curves, lead by William Morris (Pre-Raphaelite)
Arts and Crafts Movement
a beautiful/useful movement based in England in the late 1800s, based its forms found in nature. Revolt against new art.
Pendentives
a curved triangle of vaulting formed by the intersection of a dome to support the dome on a square building
Pendentives
a curved triangle of vaulting formed by the intersection of a dome with its supporting arches
pendentives
a curved triangle of vaulting formed by the intersection of a dome with its supporting arches, hagia sophia
Drypoint (Intaglio Process)
a drypoint needle is used to draw the image directly onto the metal plate - very short print run
Post-Impressionism
a new group of artists with different goals they were interested in experimentation
watercolor
a painting medium consisting of pigments suspended in a solution of water and gum arabic good range of density
Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum Heist
a pair of thieves disguised as Boston police officers entered the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum and roamed the Museum's galleries, stealing thirteen works of art
Woodcut
a print created from an incised piece of wood - the negative areas are chipped/gouged out
engraving
a printmaking technique where the artist gouges or scratches the image into the surface of the printing plate uses a burin to carve the picture into the plate. Must have indentation of paper.
lost wax casting method
a process of casting in which a clay mold is built up around a pattern of wax and then baked so as to melt and drain off the wax. The molten metal (bronze, copper, etc.) is then poured into the cavity. less expensive, hollow sculpture.
Photorealism (Hyperrealism)
a recreation of photographs popular in 1970, which is time consuming to create and expensive to purchase
In-the-Round
a sculpture that is viewable from all sides
Preliminary Drawing
a simply or hastily executed drawing or painting, allows artist to experiment before putting down a permanent medium
Preliminary Drawing
a simply or hastily executed drawing or painting, esp. a preliminary one, giving the essential features without the details
Preliminary Drawing
a simply or hastily executed drawing or painting, esp. a preliminary one, giving the essential features without the details. "Rough draft" allowing artist to experiment
Arts and Crafts Movement
a social and artistic movement of the second half of the 19th cent. Emphasizing a return to handwork, skilled craftsmanship, and attention to design in the decorative arts, from the mechanization and mass production of the Industrial Revolution Willian MORRIS and COMPANY centered in england embraced the past, artichoke,
Burin
a steel tool used for engraving in copper or wood.
post and lintel
a structure consisting of vertical beams (posts) supporting a horizontal beam (lintel)
Art Nouveau
a style of decorative art, architecture, and design prominent in western Europe and the US from about 1890 until World War I (Arts and Crafts) waves and curves
Art Nouveau
a style of decorative art, architecture, and design prominent in western Europe and the US from about 1890 until World War I (Arts and Crafts)., curves, lines, organic, embraced modernism and innovation, ex: wisteria table lamp
photography of politics
abraham Lincoln
photography of politics
abraham Lincoln by matthew brady
Photography and Art
aestetic purposes
Glass
aesthetic fulfillment - ex: glassblowing
de stilj
after ww1, response to horros of war unlike art deco, Pure shape, form, utopian ideals, primary colors, horizontal and vertical square relationships, differs from Suprematism in that it focuses on design and specifically the white, black, and primary color squares (Mondrian)(rietveld)
Case Study House Project
after wwii houses constructed very cheaply ,out of 36 only 24 constructed, but case number 22 stands out
Degenerate Art Act of 1937
allows Nazi party to go through Germany's state museums and "cleanse" them of the works that Hitler deemed as poisonous (museums were forced)
Degenerate Art Act of 1937
allows Nazi party to go through Germany's state museums and "cleanse" them of the works that Hitler deemed as poisonous and sold it away -"woman in gold" by Klimt - rafael portrait still missing
Early Renaissance
altarpieces are popular; giotto is the 1st artist of the renaissance
Streamlining
american design style with organic/curvilinear lines (i.e burlington zephyr #9900)
Streamlining
american design style(Arts and Crafts) in the 1930s with a teardrop shaped line that was organic and curivilinear for cars and trains to go faster
Streamlining
american design style(Arts and Crafts) in the mid-1930s with a teardrop shaped line offering
Domes
an arch that is rotated 360 degrees
flying buttress
an arched stone support on the outside of buildings, which allows builders to construct higher walls
Performance Art
an art form that combines visual art with dramatic performance(OPEN ended)
Performance Art
an art form that combines visual art with dramatic performance(OPEN ended), idea is the most important
performance art
an art form that combines visual art with dramatic performance. - edges of canvas no longer seemed to matter
American Modernism
an artistic and cultural movement in the United States beginning at the turn of the 20th century(between World War I and World War II)
Mixed Media
an artwork that is created using various sorts of media - sculptures began to use several objects in order to create assemblages
cut out
an innovative drawing material
cut out
an innovative drawing material using scissors
drypoint
an intaglio printmaking process where the artist raises a burr when gouging the printing plate... short print run
etching
an intaglio printmaking technique in which a metal plate is covered with an acid-resistant ground and worked with an etching needle to create an image.
site specific
any work made for a certain place, which cannot be separated or exhibited apart from its intended environment
barrel vaults
arches lined up in a row.
Textiles
are arts and crafts that use plant, animal, or synthetic fibers to construct practical or decorative objects
Etching
are done using acid (acid bath); cover plate with wax and carve out image
Etching
are done using acid(acid bath)
conceptual art
art in which the idea presented by the artist is considered more important than the finished product, if there is one. - Allan Kaprow
mixed media
art made with a combination of different materials, as many artists do today
repousse
artist hammers metal from behind to create viewable scene, no material removed, used on malleable surfaces like gold.
collage
artistic composition of materials pasted over a surface; an assemblage of diverse elements, pablo picasso
acrylic
artists began using it in the 1960s - quick to dry - not need chemical solvents
metal point/silver point
artists use a stylus and used powdered bone/gum water and it would cause a chemical reaction, resulting in a line - faint artwork
william morris
arts and craft movement leader and is known for his textiles
Mixed Media
assemblage culture using non art elements; 3D art
Pastel
basically chalk, but less binding agents
Pastel
basically chalk, but less binding agents. easily falls off page
Pastel
basically chalk, but less binding agents; fade away with bright light; edgar degas
Textiles
basis for textiles is weaving - interlacing horizontal threads (WEFT) through vertical ones (WARP) - hang textiles on the WARP threads
Abstract Expressionism
begins in 1945 with the end of WWII and America becomes the center of the Art world
Woodcut
begins with a block of horizontal wood, drawn design, and placed on a press to make a print, Lower number means higher quality.
Woodcut
begins with a block of wood, drawn design, and placed on a press to make a print
Woodcut
begins with a block of wood, drawn design, and placed on a press to make a print, Lower number means higher quality.
trademarks (performance)
bit himself and left an imprint; put ink in the imprints and put it on paper
red house
built by webb and morris who hated the crystal palace
Drypoint
burin is pulled rather than pushed forward; Not seen very often and has a short print run
Falling Water House
by frank lloyd wright; most important house in america
in relief
carved from the back ground, seen from one side, literally carved from its background
Prairie Style
characterized by strong horizontal lines
charcoal
charred wood, good for sketch and chiaroscuro. It is delicate and easy to smudge.
photography and feminism
cindy sherman- women in different jobs , ways some were depicted in film
chalk
composed of a pigment that is held together with a binding agent
Georges Braque
contributes to Cubism with Picasso; cubism: break down of time and space
Skeleton & Skin System
core framing and the outer skin; first used in the Crystal Palace (worlds fair 1851; eventually burned down)
Charcoal
created from burnt wood
Pastels
created from pigment and binding agent. Pigments held together with gum and molded into sticks. variety of colors... degas
charcoal
created using burnt wood - varies in density
Site-specific
created, designed, or selected for a specific site
Art Loss Register
data base of stolen art
Fauvism
deals with arbitrary/subjective color; colors are loud and exciting
Art Deco
defining characteristics: - 90 degree angles, straight lines, geometric shapes, modern materials - name originates from "The International Exposition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Art"
Art Nouveau (modern)
design style with organic and curvilinear lines
wood engraving
difference is the way the wood is cut. cut perpendicular to the grain. Thise creates a more photograph-like image.
Spolvero
dust off. technique when rubbing charcoal through a series of small holes punched in a paper pattern to transfer a design to an item to be decorated
cartoon
early form of preliminary drawing - used to transfer drawings onto a wall
earthworks
earth art, spiral getty, reflect relationship between environment and art
pointed arches and flying buttresses
elaborate supports at right angles to the outer walls from the Gothic period
De Stijl
emerges from Holland at the end of WWI & means "the style" capturing clarity, order, simpleness, & 90 degree angles (Arts and Crafts)
De Stijl
emerges from Holland at the end of WWI & means "the style" capturing clarity, order, simpleness, & 90 degree angles (Arts and Crafts), Mondrian paintings
pastel
essentially chalk, less binding - fade in bright light
The Trinity with Mary, John, the Evangelist, and Two Donors
example for the Middle Renaissance
The Buxheim of St. Christopher- Artist Unknown, 1423
example o f printmaking/relief prints - created in color using techniques of registration and reduction
La Vie- Pablo Picasso, 1903
example of Blue Period - memorial portrait of Picasso's friend who committed suicide
Vapheio Cup- Aegean Civilization, 1400-1200 BC
example of Repoussé
Family of Saltimbanques- Pablo Picasso, 1905
example of Rose Period - family of circus performers
Beat the Whites with the Red Flag- El Lissitzky, 1919
example of Russian Constructivism/Suprematism
Skyscraper Step Table- Paul T. Frankl, 1920
example of art deco
Wisteria Table Lamp- Tiffany Studios, 1902
example of art nouveau - organic motif, curvilinear line - emplored technology with colored lights
The Illegal Operation- Edward Kienholz, 1962
example of assemblage art
Madonna and Child with St. Anne and Infant St. John the Baptist - Leonardo da Vinci
example of cartoon
The Burghers of Calais- August Rodin, 1884-1885
example of casting - 5 individuals going to their death
Self-Portrait - Kathe Kollowitz, 1933
example of charcoal
Red-Blue Chair- Gerrit Rietveld, 1918
example of de stijl
Hagia Sophia- Istanbul, Turkey (532-537)
example of domes/ pendentives
Boats in Port- Auguste Brouet, 1925
example of drypoints
Mummy Portrait of a Boy- 2nd Century
example of encaustic
Saint Anthony Tormented by Demons- Martin Schongauer, 1480-1490
example of engraving
The Angel Appearing to the Shepards- Rembrandt van Rijn, 1634
example of etching
Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris
example of flying butresses/ shell system
Dale Chihuly Exhibit at the Royal Botanic Gardens- Dale Chihuly, 2005
example of glass making
You Can Buy Bootleg Whiskey for Twenty-Five Cents a Quart- Jacob Lawrence, 1942-1943
example of gouache - line and shape are strictly enforced
Nathalie- Prisca Langlais, 2015
example of graphite/pencil
Sarcophagus, Triumph of Dionysus and the Seasons- Roman, 260-270
example of high-relief - sculpted with precision and accuracy
David- Gian Lorenzo Bernini, 1623
example of in-the-round sculptures - able to see the sculpture from all angles
Urban Lights- Chris Burden, 2008
example of installation art
Villa Savoye- Le Corbusier, 1928-1930
example of international style architecture - pilotis columns - look like they support the building, but are non-weight - windows are ribbon windows
The Tube Train- Cyril E. Power, 1934
example of linoleum cut
Rue Transonian- Honore Daumier, 1834
example of lithography art
The Palette of King Narmer- Egyptian, 3000 BC
example of low relief - not as 3D/protruding
Head of a Warrior - Leonardo da Vinci
example of metalpoint - image is very light - used for contour lines
Schooner at Anchor- Winslow Homer, 1884
example of metalpoint/charcoal work
Case of Bottles- Robert Arneson, 1964
example of modeling - mainly handmade
Woman in a Bath- Edgar Degas, 1883
example of monotype
Justinian and His Attendants- Church of san Vitale, 547
example of mosaic
Untitled Film Still #21- Cindy Sherman, 1978
example of photography and feminism - portrayed how women are in the media - the women playing the role of a victim
Man Pole-Vaulting- Thomas Eakins, 1884-1885
example of photography and science
Adolescent Girl in a Carolina Cotton Mill- Lewis Hine, 1908
example of photography and social reform - highlighted that these companies are exploiting young children
Migrant Mother, Nipomo, California-
example of photography documentation
Church of Saint Mary Redcliffe
example of pointed arches
Stonehedge- Wiltshire, England, 2550-1660 BC
example of post and lintel architecture
Robie House- Frank Lloyd Wright, 1909
example of prairie style architecture
Campbell's Chicken Noodle Soup- Andy Warhol, 1969
example of silkscreen printmaking
Eiffel Tower- Paris, Fance (1887-1879)
example of skeleton-and-skin system
Marshall Field Wholesale Store- Henry Hobson Richardson, 1885-1887
example of skeleton-and-skin system - among the first skyscraper to be built in Chicago - used cast-iron to support itself
Crystal Palace- Joseph Paxton, 1851
example of skeleton-and-skin system - used with cast-iron to support the building - serve as a venue for World's Fair
Jar- Maria Montoya Martinez, 1945
example of slab construction
Burlington Zephyr #9900- Burlington Northern Company, 1934
example of streamlining
Hermes and Dionysos- Praxiteles, 330 BC
example of subtractive process
Annunciation- Fra Flilippo Lippi, 1440
example of tempera
The Last Judgement- Gislebertus
example of tympanum
The Gates, Central Park, New York- Christo and Jeanne-Claude, 1979-2005
example of using textiles
Three Studies of the God Bacchus- Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, 1700-1770
example of wash
Noon-Day Rest in Marble Canyon- J.W. Powell, 1875
example of woodcuts
Flying Butresses
extensions of interior arches - similar to a spiders web - counteracted to the stress points of the arch
Photography and Documentation
fails horribly Documentation of world
chris burden
famous performance artist; made Shoot
low relief
figures are attached to the background
low relief (base relief)
figures are firmly attached to their background - ex: coins, medlas
marshall field wholesale store
first american skyscraper; was demolished
Dada
first art movement to develop after WWI that doesn't question tradition but makes us question, "what is art?"
Dada
first art movement to develop after WWI that doesn't question tradition but makes us question, "what is art?", lead by Duchamp, conceptual art, abstract expressionism, J. Pollock
Pont du Gard- Nimes, France
first major building project to utilize arches
Impressionism
first secessionist art group
Spolvero/Cartoon
first used around the 1500s, a preliminary drawing used to transfer an image and becomes a fine art
Spolvero/Cartoon
first used around the Renaissance, a preliminary drawing, full able drawing and of painting
Spolvero/Cartoon
first used around the Renaissance; fresco where full scale drawing is on wall and poke holes through it and apply charcoal dust on top to transfer outline
Russian Constructivism/Suprematism
following the fall of the czar in 1917 this Russian design style takes on non representational art and geo shapes
Russian Constructivism/Suprematism
following the fall of the czar in 1917 this russian design style takes on 90degree angles and geometric shapes(Arts and Crafts)
Russian Constructivism/Suprematism
following the fall of the czar in 1917 this russian design style takes on 90degree angles and geometric shapes(Arts and Crafts) -geometric forms floating -propoganda
Russian Constructivism/Suprematism
following the fall of the czar in 1917 this russian design style takes on.... - 90degree angles and geometric shapes(Arts and Crafts)
Lithography
free hand drawing directly on limestone. Flat surface, mistakes easily fixable. Made print "worthless"; story of image where police shoot everyone in a house
Lithography
free hand drawing on limestone. Flat surface, mistakes easily fixable. Made print "worthless"
preliminary drawing
gives artists a chance to experiment before making things permanent. a detailed drawing that colleagues and consultants are invited to approve or comment
preliminary drawing/preliminary study
gives artists a chance to experiment before putting their ideas down in a permanent medium
glass
glass works aesthetic. dale chihuly, pretty works.
Gesso
glue like substance that goes under tempera
lithography
good for everyday artist to use, does not require the chipping of pieces, instead the artist draws directly onto limestone with a lithographic crayon.the process of printing from a flat surface treated so as to repel the ink except where it is required for printing.
Napolean
greatest art theft
louis sullivan
guaranty trust building, ornamental details, enhanced structural details, beauty in exterior of building, "elevate spirits or those who worked there. Infamous for firing LLoYD Wright.
crafts
have a utilitarian and function purpose (i.e jewelry)
Degenerate Art
having lost the physical, mental, or moral qualities that are considered to be normal and desirable. - evidence of decline of Cubist, Surrealists, Daddists
pablo picasso's Blue period
he was homeless and not famous yet; his friend Casagemas commits suicide
Adam Worth (art thief)
head criminal stealing $1.2 million dollars worth of painting
Adam Worth (art thief)
head criminal stealing $1.2 million dollars worth of painting - steals Duchess of Devonshire
porcelain
highest grade that was created by the Chinese for exporting
Poreclain
highest temp, chinese,
Contrapposto stance
hips and legs face a different direction than shoulders and head (i.e. hermes and dionysus)
Encaustic
hot wax painting which is the oldest of painting media used in early civilizations such as greek/roman/egyptian
Case Study House Program
houses were in demand for soldiers coming back from ww2; design 36 houses but only 25 were used; COMPLETE FAILURE
streamlining
improves business process efficiencies simplifying or eliminating unnecessary steps -teardrop shaped line -train
the plague
in 1348, half of europe is killed (80% of rome dies) - triumph of death by train
Art Nouveau
in 1895, Sigfried Bing opened "The Gallery of Art Nouveau" in Pari - undulating, curvilinear, organic forms - embraces new material/ technologies - dominate style of the 1900s
sculpture experience
in relief, in the round, as an environment
Photography and Feminism
in the 1970s/80s, feminists used photography as communication - Cindy Sherman
Early Renaissance
individuals are associated more with their art work, "god given talent"... more attention to mimesis(mimic or reproducing natural appearance) "giotto" first artist-Giotto, madonna and christ, meeting tat the golden gate, PADUA
as an environment
installations and earthworks. Both are site specific, takes months or years to plan.
villa savoye
international style used with modern arch (lack of ornamentation and neutral colors)
Pointed Arches
invented during the Middle Ages - allow for building taller structures - weight descends on the ground more directly - if there is too much pressure, it collapses
Lithography
invented in Bavarian, Germany to reproduce sheet music, its waxy using a printing surface flat (can reuse when done making 1000s of prints)
Collage
is a technique of an 2D art production, primarily used in the visual arts, where the artwork is made from an assemblage of different forms
Collage
is a technique of an art production, primarily used in the visual arts, where the artwork is made from an assemblage of different forms, thus creating a new whole
Contrapposto
is an Italian term that means counterpose. It is used in the visual arts to describe a human figure standing with most of its weight on one foot so that its shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs
Conceptual Art
is art in which the concept(s) or idea(s) involved in the work take precedence over traditional aesthetic and material concerns
Mixed Media
is loosely defined as any work of art that uses more than one medium
Jewelry
is one of the names given to jewelry created by studio craftspeople. As the name suggests, art jewelry emphasizes creative expression and design
Heliography
is the photographic process invented by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce around 1822, which he used to make the earliest known surviving photograph from nature
Abstract Expressionism
jackson pollack is the first performance artist; conceptual activity where idea > performance
photography and reform
jacob riis- polis reporter who took pictures of living conditions hines- worked different jobs to capture living conditions of children too
happeneings
kaprow responsible, can be anywhere, live audience, first form of performance art. "Happenings in 6 parts"-three rooms with plastic sheets "household" -dump "FSpace"-burden shot in arm. "artist is present"-sitting in museum in silence.
performance art
kaprow- father of performance art, edges don't matter like before in paintings. Next step for abstract expressionist. household (men and women). Allows artist to communicate more directly to audience. Burden and Abramovic
Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum Heist
largest art theft in America - stolen by people dressed as police - took 13 art pieces - still missing
photography as feminism
led by Cindy Sherman
Relief Printing
like a rubber stamp on woodcuts, wood engravings, & linocuts
relief printing process
like a rubber stamp,print from positive image. 3 variations; woodcut, linnets, and wood engravings.
Skeleton & Skin System
like the human body - uses a strong material for support (in skyscrapers, steel) & lighter material to cover it (like glass or aluminum siding)
casting
liquid metal like bronze is poured into a mold to get shape of something, extremely expensive.
high relief
look like they've been carved separately
who invents photography?
lots of people
earthenware
lowest grade and does not hold water in
Earthenware (ceramics)
lowest grade of ceramics - least strength and toughness - porous: cannot hold liquids - commonly used for gardening
earthenware
lowest grade, least strength, fired at lowest temp, can only hold liquid unless glazed.ex; plant pot
house of innocents
made during middle renaissance for the orphans; first time a blue print is used; roman building
Columns
made up of drums
Engraving (Intaglio Process)
made with a burin (diamond-shaped metal rod) - the burin is pushed across a plate and removes slivers of metal - ink is then applied to the surface with a paintbrush
Etching (Intaglio Process)
made with acid - acid eats into the plates to create grooves - lines are softer and not as rigid
Printmaking
making multiple copies of art that is affordable for everyone
last judgement by michel angelo
mannerism
De Stijl
means "the style" capturing clarity, order, simpleness, & 90 degree angles
Fresco (buon fresco)
means fresh; paint on plaster; limited colors, safety hazards, and best painted during warm weather
In Relief (ways to experience sculpture)
meant only to see one side -low-relief -high-relief -repousse
In Relief (ways to experience sculpture)
meant only to see one side -low-relief -high-relief: full figure emerging -repousse: hammered metal on one side
In Relief (ways to experience sculpture)
meant only to see one side -low-relief: figure cemented to background but raised up a bit -high-relief: emerging from background but still attached
Shell System
method of construction - one basic building material used throughout the entire structure
Silkscreen
method of printmaking using a stencil and paint pushed through a screen - ex: Andy Warhol
Stoneware (ceramics)
middle grade - most familiar to people - grade used for dinnerware/coffee mugs
stoneware
middle grade and most commonly used
David by Donatello
middle renaissance sculpture made of bronze; commissioned by medici family
stoneware
middle, most familiar, dinnerware and coffee mugs
Wash
mixing ink & water and is applied over a drawing
Gesso
mixture of chalk and glue
marie Therese Walker
model and mistress of Picasso; Picasso starts painting surrealism
why do people steal art?
money(#1 answer), ease, size & shape
why do people steal art?
money(#1 answer), ease, size & shape, enforcement
why do people steal art?
money(#1 answer), ease, size & shape, lack of enforcement
IONIC
more slender and elegant, spiral scrolls (volutes), temples of female goddesses.
Late Renaissance
most comfortable, familiar with artists and works.. most famous, michaelangelo, new david, sistine chapel, Davinciis last supper was first work or late renaissance, . raphael school of athens, - Rome, venice
graphite/pencil
most common drawing tool which consists of graphite, wax, and/or clay and is housed in a wooden sheath - breaks easy/smudges
Stahl House- Pierre Koenig, 1959-1960
most famous Case Study Houses
lloyd wright
most famous american architect of 20th century, four side roof, prairie style, robie house, worked in japan, begins with fireplace. His larkin building (designed for air conditioning) was demolished. Notorious for Fallingwater.
avant garde
new and unusual or experimental ideas
silkscreen
newer form, method of printmaking using a stencil and paint pushed through a screen... serigraph, andy warhol.
Oil Stick
newest form of drawing material, oil sticks are oil paint in solid form (expensive$$$)
oil stick
newest form of drawing material, oil sticks are oil paint in solid form (expensive$$$)
acrylics
newest painting medium that is the same as oils but dries faster
oil stick
oil paint mixed with wax (rolled like a crayon) - immediate use
doric
oldest order,columns sit directly on floor(stylobate) rather than on a base like the other two, appears wide at base.Top has a semi curved portion ( echinus) which leads to square slab (abacus) PARTHEON.
Encaustic
oldest pinting medium; hot wax and colored pigment
shell system
one basic material provides both the structural support and the outside covering of the building
Shell System
one basic material provides structural and outside support (pyramids)
Jewelry
one of the names given to jewelry created by studio craftspeople - emphasizes creative expression and design
The Bauhaus
opened in 1919 - Hitler closed it because it was "un-German" - AVANT-GARDE art - embodied a new approach of art education - combined crafts/fine arts to design that it publicized and modern art
Futurism
organized in Italy, futurists were into power, speed, mechanization, violence, and war
Oil Paint
paint made of pigment floating in oil - adaptable than tempera - slow to dry
oil paint
paint made of pigment suspended in oil better option_ gestural freedom, can be blended, long dry time. Disadvantage is that it needs a spreading agent, and the aritsist needs air flow.
Sistine Chapel
painted by Michelangelo
Fresco secco (fresco a secco)
painted on dry plaster and can easily fix mistakes but does not last long
Fresco secco (fresco a secco)
painted on dry plaster and takes a long time to do
Fresco secco
painting on plaster AFTER it is dried - not permanent - used to correct mistakes
giotto
paints the Arena Chapel in Padua; "The meeting of Joachim and Anna"
Metalpoint/Silverpoint
paper treated with powdered bone/gum water, metal touches and there is a chemical reaction (takes a lot of effort for this method)
Metalpoint/Silverpoint
paper treated with powdered bone/gum water, metal touches ground then there is a chemical reaction (takes a lot of effort for this method)
naves
pathways made by barrel vaults; stack arch behind one another
Gertrude Stein
patron of Pablo Picasso
Early Photography
pewter plates were replaced with copper plates and mercury vapor was used at the end of the development process, photography provided a less laborious and less expensive way to record likeness or an event in a very realistic matter niepce heliography daguerrotypes
guernica
picasso largest and 2nd most important work; in black and white and showcases bombing of the city (dora maar helped)
Olga Khokhlova
picasso's wife who was a ballerina
Chalk
pigment plus a binding agent (tree sap); comes in all colors and allows for chiaoscurro
Tempera
pigments and egg yolk; usually painted on wood and gesso used as primer
Photography and Science
plant sprecimen, microorganisms, eclipse of the sun.
Art Deco
popular during the 1920s using 90 degree angles, straight lines, & geometric shapes (Arts and Crafts)
Art Deco
popular during the 1920s using 90 degree angles, straight lines, & geometric shapes (Arts and Crafts) based on modern materials inspired by industrial cities
Silkscreen (Serigraphs)
popular during the 60s and 70s where ink is pushed through a stencil making posters (used by Andy Warhol)
corinithian
popular today, greeks used it for special buildings, romans used it for everything.
Ceramics
pots and other articles made from clay hardened by heat
slab construction
pottery technique where you pull the edges of the clay up; basic technique
photography and politics
presidents, leaves strong message of them, helped lincoln win, matt brady.
Relief Process
printing occurs with the raised parts of the plate//parts that have not been cut away (the positive image)
Lost-Wax Method
process by which a duplicate metal sculpture (often silver, gold, brass or bronze) is cast from an original sculpture
Print Making
process in which an artist repeatedly transfers an original image from one prepared surface to another
Fresco (buon fresco)
refers to painting into wet (freshly prepared)
Fresco (buon fresco)
refers to painting into wet (freshly prepared) - performed best during summer (dries better)
Earthworks
reflect the rising environment
International Style Architecture
regular, unadorned geometric forms open interiors use of glass, steel, and reinforced concrete
Photography and Entertainment
reminds people of the past, people, places,event,,,, 7 topics total, stereoscope.
Mosaic
reminiscent of paintings - like fresco paintings, except that stone, glass, or textile are used to create the image/pattern - most common in the Roman Empire
the italian renaissance
renashimento: rebirth; male dominated (raphael, donatello, michelangelo,...)
oil paints
revolutionizes painting; founded in 1430 in Flanders; slow to dry which allows art to be reworked and paint can be left out (years to dry)
Coiling
rolling out long ropes of clay and stack them on top of one another and smoothen it out after
arches, barrel vaults, and domes
romans- dome- arch rotated 360 degrees,(pantheon) Barrel vaults- arches in a row
dome
rotating an arch 360 degrees, largest created was pantheon.
The Bauhaus
school of art and design in germany; teaches non-traditional avant grade art and taught that all art has equal importance; closed by hitler
Photography as Documentation
see things from across the world (i.e. migrant mother by dorothea lange
Tympanum
semi circular areas of doorways
Tympanum
semi circular areas over doorways, that tells a story
Tympanum
semicircular relief structures that were placed above doorways to churches - would relate stories from the Bible
Precursors of the Camera
silhouette machine, camera obscur. Neither could produce a fixed image.
installation art
site specific, created for a specific site or location
Stéphane Breitwieser (art thief)
steals in total 239 works of art (172 of them came from museums)
Vincenzo Peruggia (art thief)
steals the mona lisa in 1911
Gent Altarpiece
stolen 13 times
weft
string that goes left to right on a textile; stretches
warp
string that runs from the top to bottom on a textile; tight
carving
subcategory of subtractive process, A subtractive process in which a sculpture is formed by removing material from a block or mass of wood, stone, or other material, with the use of sharpened tools.
watercolors
suspended in gum arabic and is spread with water; has different densities
Carving
take a block and sculpt into desired is achieved
carving
take a block and sculpt it into desired form
Subtractive Process
taking a block of material (wood) and use a stone material and start chipping - hammering away until the desired form is achieved
Intaglio Process
techniques in which the image is incised into a surface, and the incised line or sunken area holds the ink. - 3 subcategories: engraving, etching, drypoint
Artichoke- William Morris, 1890
textile that if famous from Morris & Company
Mosaic
the art of creating images with an assemblage of small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials. It is a technique of decorative art or interior decoration
Mosaic
the art of creating images with an assemblage of small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials. It is a technique of decorative art or interior decoration (i.e justinian and his attendants)
Repoussé
the artists hammering metal from behind in order to create a viewable scene
Transept
the crossing or arms of the church - created using barrel vaults
Throwing
the final process of creating ceramics - most common - done on a potter's wheel - symmetrically balanced
Keystone
the last stone on an arch
Graphite/Pencil
the most common drawing material(variety of values)
International Style
the name of a major architectural style that is said to have emerged in the 1920s and 1930s, the formative decades of modern architecture(form and aesthetics; square)
naves & transepts
the part of a cruciform church that crosses at right angles to the greatest length between the nave
naves and transepts
the part of a cruciform church that crosses at right angles to the greatest length between the nave, created using barrel vaults. nave- where the congregation sits transepts- the crossing, or arms of the church
Photography Publications
the pencil of nature- talbot- first to explain scientific applications of photography how the other half lives- riis- considered to be first photojournalist, brought up poor living conditions. life magazine-primary outlet for american photographers.
Lithography
the process of printing from a flat surface treated so as to repel the ink except where it is required for printing.
photorealism
the reproduction of photographs - time consuming
fresco secco
the technique of painting on dry plaster with pigments mixed in water, doesn't last as long, but used to cover mistake from traditional fresco.
art theft
third highest grossing criminal activity; only 10% ever retrieved
tempera paint
this is a water-based paint using egg as the medium. this is a transparent medium. Painted on a wood panel that is treated with a priming agent called gesso.
The Arch
this was created by the romans and revolutionized architecture by allowing larger spans
The Arch
this was created by the romans and revolutionized architecture by allowing larger spans (first major project is post du gard, nimes, france)
photography as art
timothy o' sullivan; grotesque images of the war
Shell System
tone basic material with structural support
Tempura
traditional painted on wood panels that are treated with gesso (gothic early renaissance age)
watercolor
transparent paint made from pigment and a binder dissolved in water
Pendentives
triangular inward curving wall sections placed between arches in order to support a dome - Hagia Sophia
Monotype
unique way of printing, the image is on a metal plate and ran through a press (NOT common in printmaking)
Monotype
unique way of printing, the image is on a metal plate and ran through a press (NOT common in printmaking) Just get 1 print
Monotype
unique way of printing, the image is on a metal plate and ran through a press (NOT common in printmaking); Just get 1 print
Surrealism
unlike renaissance artists who thought artistic talent was god given, the surrealists believed that the talent/inspiration for art came from the subconscious (more of a club)
Engraving
used to reproduce works of art, illustrate books prior to the invention of photography
Wood Engravings
uses a different cut of lumber nearly eliminating any visable grain
Wood Engravings
uses a different cut of lumber nearly eliminating any visible grain, More realistic and rare
Wood Engravings
uses a different vertical of lumber nearly eliminating any visible grain, More realistic and rare; more expensive
eiffel tower
uses only the skeleton
Robie House
uses prairie style; made by frank lloyd wright
Art Deco
using 90 degree angles, straight lines, & geometric shapes; named after world's fair and is AMERICAN
Modeling
using clay to form desired shape
throwing
using the potter's wheel to make forms by hand from clay; most common way
Chalk
usually 3D that can walk into our world and pigment that is held together
Linocut
utilize linoleum instead of wood, usually softer and easier to carve but harder to press(less prints)
Linocut
utilize linoleum instead of wood, usually softer and easier to carve but harder to press(less prints) Does NOT last.
Linocut
utilize linoleum instead of wood, usually softer and easier to carve but harder to press; distorts image and can be used only a few times
Cubism
very abstract work led by Pablo Picasso and George Braque
Corbeling
very crude form of an arch
Happening (in performance art)
very first performances were called "happenings"
Happening (in performance art)
very first performances; usually only done once
in the round
viewable from all sides
Corbeling
walls would meet short in the center, the weight of the material is transmitted down the sides to the ground - similar to an arch
Gustave Stickley
was a manufacturer of furniture and the leading proselytizer for the American Arts and Crafts movement, an extension of the British Arts and Crafts movement.
The Bauhaus
was an art school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicised and modern art. It operated from 1919 to 1933. Closed down by Nazis.
The Bauhaus
was an art school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicised and taught. It operated from 1919 to 1933, taught non-traditional art, school of modernism
Daguerreotypes (process)
was the first commercially successful photographic process named after the inventor, Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre, each daguerreotype is a unique image on a silvered copper plate
Daguerreotypes (process)
was the first commercially successful photographic process named after the inventor, Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre, each daguerreotype is a unique image on a silvered copper plate with a long exposure time
gouache
watercolor mixed with chalk - favorite by art smugglers
Gouache
watercolor with chalk called blanc fixe doesn't blend
gouache
watercolors and chalk but bad for blending; art thieves use this
textiles
weaving: warp and weft, christos park orange tarps
Case Study House Program
were experiments in American residential architecture sponsored by Arts & Architecture magazine, which commissioned major architects
Case Study House Program (1945-1966)
were experiments in American residential architecture sponsored by Arts & Architecture magazine, which commissioned major architects - 24 homes were constructed
Rose period
when he moves to paris; uses a lighter palette and gets Gertrude stein as his patron
wash
when ink is diluted with water and applied by brush in broad, flat areas
Naves
where the congregation sits - created using barrel vaults
Gesso
white coating made of substances such as chalk, plaster, and size that is spread over a surface to make it more receptive to paint- priming agent
household performance
women and men created nests and destroyed them and ate jam off of a car
Collage
works of 2D art - created by attaching pieces of material, such as paper, photographs, or textiles, onto a canvas, board, or panel
