CTEC 305 Module 7
full backup
A backup type that backs up all data that you specify.
Incremental backup
A backup type that backs up data that you specify, but only if that data has been modified since the previous backup.
Basic Disks
A disk configured in the Disk Management tool that does not contain a software RAID volume.
Volume
A drive letter associated with a filesystem.
Network Attached Storage (NAS)
A file server that allows other systems on the network to store files using a file sharing protocol such as SMB, NFS, or FTP.
Simple volume
A filesystem stored on a single partition with a drive letter.
Journaling File System
A journaling filesystem uses a journal to keep track of the information written to the storage device. If you copy a file on the filesystem from one folder to another, that file must pass into memory and then be written to the new location
Boot loader
A program that loads an operating system when a computer is turned on.
Internet SCSI (iSCSI)
A SAN technology that allows systems to access a SAN device using an Ethernet network connection.
True or False On systems that have a UEFI BIOS, the UEFI system partition is the boot partition.
False
True or False When creating a RAID volume using Server Manager, each storage device is automatically converted to a dynamic disk.
False
What name format is used to specify the iSCSI initiators that are permitted to connect to an iSCSI target?
IQN
Bad sector
An area of a hard disk that no longer stores data.
Why does RAID 0 NOT provide fault tolerance?
It treats multiple disks as a single partition, if even one drive fails, the disk is unreadable.
Storage Spaces Direct
Can be used to create RAID volumes in Server Manager that access storage on multiple servers.
The process locates fragmented files and moves them to a location on the hard disk where they can be stored and read as a single unit.
Defragmentation
What are the two main tools used to create and manage local volumes for windows server 2019?
Disk Management Server Manager
A RAID configuration provided by software in an operating system.
Software RAID.
To compensate for the limit of 4 primary partitions, what does MBR allow administrators to do?
The Administrator can one primary partition into an extended partition. With an extended partition you can have logical drives for additional functionality.
Boot Partition
The hard drive partition where the Windows OS is stored. The system partition and the boot partition may be different partitions.
Filesystem
The organization imposed on a physical storage medium that is used to manage the storage and retrieval of data. Filesystems are a logical structure that specifies how data should reside on the storage device itself.
System Partition
The partition of the hard drive that contains the boot loader or boot manager program and the specific files required to start the Windows launch.
.True or False Full backups ignore the archive attribute when backing up files, whereas incremental backups only back up files that have the archive attribute set.
True
True or False Fault tolerant RAID volumes are NOT a replacement for performing regular backups.
True
True or False When initializing a new storage device that has a capacity larger than 2 TB, you must use a GPT instead of an MBR.
True
True or False After storage tiers have been enabled for the storage used by a volume, you can use the Set-FileStorageTier cmdlet in Windows PowerShell to ensure that a specific file is always stored on a specified storage tier.
True
True or False By supplying the device driver for an FC HBA during a Windows Server 2019 installation, you can choose to install Windows Server 2019 on FC SAN storage instead of a local storage device.
True
True or False When you click the Optimize button for a simple volume in the Optimize Drives window, the underlying storage device is defragmented if it is a hard disk, or trimmed if it is an SSD.
True
True or False While full backups take longer to perform, they are the fastest option when you need to restore data.
True
True or false iSCSI is simply a transfer protocol used between a server and a SAN device. The SAN device itself can use different storage technologies to physically store the data itself, including NVMe SSDs, or SATA/SAS hard disks or SSDs.
True
True or false When restoring a backup, you can choose to restore the data to a different location.
True
RAID 1 (mirroring)
The same data is written to two separate storage devices at the same time. Provides fault tolerance in the event of storage failure. If one storage device goes down the copy immediately takes over.
If there are multiple hard disks are used, what can they be configured as?
They can be configured as Redundant Array of Independent Disks(RAID). This provides faster data transfer speeds and fault tolerance. At a lower cost than the more expensive SSDs.
RAID level 6
This RAID level is basically the same as RAID level 5, but it adds a second set of parity bits for added fault tolerance and allows up to two simultaneous hard disk drive failures while remaining fault-tolerant.
RAID 2
This RAID level is no longer used and was a variant of RAID 0 that allowed for error and integrity checking on storage devices. Modern storage devices do this intrinsically.
RAID 4
This RAID level is only a slight variant on RAID level 3. It offers greater access speed than RAID level 3 because it can store data in blocks and, thus, does not need to access all storage devices at once to read data.
How to delete a RAID volume?
To remove a RAID volume, you can right-click it in the Disk Management tool and click Delete Volume.
True or False In disk Management, new disks created are offline by default.
True.
True or False RAID levels are often combined; for example, RAID level 10 refers to a striping configuration (RAID level 0) that is mirrored (RAID level 1) to another striping configuration
True.
True or False GPT partitions cannot have logical drives.
True.
True or False RAID levels 0, 1, and 5 are widely implemented today.
True.
True or false You can only run the chkdsk command on NTFS and ReFS filesystems.
false
You have configured a new storage pool in Server Manager that contains 5 storage devices and would like to configure a single virtual disk that uses all of the available capacity from this pool. What RAID type should you select in the New Virtual Disk Wizard if you wish to ensure that your virtual disk remains fault tolerant in the event that two storage devices fail at the same time?
mirror
Which of the following statements regarding backup performance options for Windows Server Backup are true? (Choose all that apply.)
a. Full backups provide the fastest restoration of data b. Incremental backups take less time to perform than full backups
How many primary partitions can be created on a GPT partition table?
128 Primary Partitions.
How many incremental backups are performed after a full backup in the windows server backup service?
14 incremental backups are performed after a full backup.
Disk management can be used to create and manage partitions, simple volumes, and software RAID volumes that include up to ____ storage devices.
32
You wish to create a RAID level 5 volume using the Disk Management tool. How many storage devices can you use in the volume?
32
Internet SCSI (iSCSI) is a technology that uses Ethernet network cables to transfer data to and from a SAN device, either on the local network or across the Internet, using the SCSI protocol at speeds of up to...
40 Gb/s.
Master Boot Record (MBR) Table
A Legacy Partition table that contains partition information for storage devices that are 2 TB or smaller.
Recovery Partition
A partition that is created during the windows server 2019 installation that stores programs and files used to repair and recover the operating system when the OS is unable to boot.
Trimming
A process that optimizes SSD storage by erasing memory locations that no longer store data.
iSCSI initiator
A software component that enables an operating system to connect to an iSCSI target.
iSCSI target
A storage area on a SAN device that is made available to other systems.
RAID 5(striping with parity)
A technique that stripes data across three or more drives and uses parity checking, so that if one drive fails, the other drives can re-create the data stored on the failed drive. RAID 5 drives increase performance and provide fault tolerance. Windows calls these drives RAID-5 volumes.
Data Deduplication
A technology that eliminates duplicate file contents on a filesystem without removing files.
The Windows Server 2019 service that provides data deduplication.
Data Deduplication Service
RAID 3
Disk striping with a parity bit, or marker, which indicates what data is where. It requires a minimum of three storage devices to function, with one of the storage devices used to store the parity information. Should one of the storage devices containing data fail, you can replace the storage device and regenerate the data using the parity information stored on the parity storage device. If the parity storage device fails, the system must be restored from a backup device.
You can install two types of storage devices inside rackmount servers. What are they?
Hard Drives Solid State Disks(SSDs)
A RAID configuration provided by storage controller hardware.
Hardware RAID.
RAID 0 (striping)
Individual files are divided into sections and saved concurrently on two or more storage devices, one section per storage device. The system can read the same file in one-third of the time if three storage devices are used in this RAID configuration. Ideal for environments where performance matters the most.
This Partition table is limited to 4 primary partitions.
MBR Table
Servers can have multiple connections to different SANs to provide fault tolerance in case a single SAN becomes unavailable, or to load balance requests across multiple SANs for greater speed. These configurations are called....
Multipath Input Output (MPIO).
To create a software RAID volume in the Disk Management tool, you right-click one of the disks that you wish to configure as a RAID volume and then click:
New Spanned Volume to create a spanned volume with 2-32 disks New Striped Volume to create a RAID level 0 (striping) volume with 2-32 disks New Mirrored Volume to create a RAID level 1 (mirroring) volume with 2 disks (three-way mirroring is not supported in the Disk Management tool) New RAID-5 Volume to create a RAID level 5 (striping with parity) volume with 3-32 disks
Disk fragmentation
Occurs when a pieces of the same data are stored on different areas of a storage device. This causes a slowing in access time and creating additional hard disk ware.
Each storage device regardless of type, are divided into sections called:
Partitions.
Which service can be started on a system to reduce the amount of time it takes to repair filesystem errors?
Spot Verifier
DISKPART Command
The DISKPART utility shows the partitions and lets you manage them on the computer's hard drives
Microsoft iSCSI Initiator Service
The Windows Server 2019 service that provides iSCSI initiator functionality.
Mounting
The process of associating a drive letter or folder to a filesystem so that the drive letter or folder can be associated with the operating system.
Formatting
The process of associating(formatting) a partition with a filesystem.
Hyper-V(backup)
This backs up the configuration and virtual hard disk files for the virtual machines you select and is only available if the Hyper-V role is installed.
System State
This creates a backup of all operating system settings, including the Windows Registry, Active Directory database (for domain controllers), and boot loader files.
Bare metal recovery
This creates a full backup of the entire system. To restore this backup, you must start a Windows Server 2019 installation, click Repair your computer
Disk spanning or Just a bunch of disks(JBOD)
This is a RAID-like configuration which consists of two or more storage devices that the system sees as one large volume. Using this technology you can combine two 1TB hard drives into a single 2 TB volume. Provides a lot of storage. No fault tolerance.
You can use Server Manager to create and manage partitions and simple volumes, as well as create software RAID volumes on an ______ number of storage devices using the built-in Storage spaces component of Windows Server 2019.
Unlimited
Connect-IscsiTarget cmdlet
Used to connect a windows server 2019 system to an iSCSI target.
Which of the following are reasons for creating multiple volumes on a single storage device? (Choose all that apply.)
a. Allow for the use of more than one type of filesystem b. Reduce the chance that filesystem corruption will render all data on the storage device unusable c. Segregate different types of data d. Speed up access to stored data by keeping filesystems as small as possible
Check My Work Which of the following are requirements for each server in a Storage Spaces Direct configuration? (Choose all that apply.)
a. Failover Clustering feature installed c. At least six additional storage devices (two or more of which are SSDs) d. 10 Gb Ethernet interface with RDMA support
What two items must you configure using Server Manager in order to share storage to other systems using iSCSI?
a. iSCSI virtual disk c. iSCSI target
When configuring the Storage Spaces component of Windows Server 2019 using Server Manager, which of the following statements is true? (Choose all that apply.)
b. RAID volumes are created on a virtual disk that utilizes space in a storage pool comprised of storage devices c. Virtual disks implement a level of RAID and can use thin or thick provisioning
Another server administrator has configured an iSCSI SAN device to provide storage to your Windows Server 2019 system. What must you configure on your Windows Server 2019 system in order to connect to this storage?
b. iSCSI initiator
Which of the following RAID volume types provide fault tolerance in the event of a single storage device failure? (Choose all that apply.)
b. striping with parity c. mirroring
After noticing a RAID level 5 volume in Disk Management with a status of Failed Redundancy, you located and replaced the failed storage device with a new one. What must you do to return the volume status to Healthy?
c. Right-click the RAID volume, click Repair Volume, and select the new storage device
Three-way mirrorinig
configured if you have five or more storage devices. In this configuration, data is stored on three different storage devices. This allows data to be available in the event that two storage devices fail at the same time.
The two most common SAN protocols today are:
iSCSI and Fibre Channel.
Fibre Channel (FC)
is a technology that can be used to transport SCSI data to a remote FC SAN device, across an Ethernet or fiber optic cable at speeds of up to 128 Gb/s.