CTRS Practice Test 2, CTRS Practice Test 1, CTRS Practice Test 3, CTRS Practice Test 4, CTRS Practice Test 5, CTRS Practice Test 6

In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR), the diagnosis of depression would be categorized under A. Axis I B. Axis II C. Axis III D. Axis IV

A. Axis I

In the classical pattern of multiple sclerosis, the person experiences alternating intervals of A. episodes of symptoms and remission B. short mania and longer term depression C. athetosis and ataxia D. muscle atrophy and hypertonia

A. episodes of symptoms and remission

The punishment model for corrections may adhere to the following motto A. "an eye for an eye" B. "there is hope for anyone" C. "a stitch in time saves nine" D. "do unto others as you would have them do unto you"

A. "an eye for an eye"

Intellectual disability occurs in approximately what percent of the population in the US? A. 1% B. 10% C. 20% D. 30%

A. 1%

The Americans with DIsabilities Act requires that public and commercial access be provided in what order of privacy? 1. Public sidewalks, parking, or public transportation 2. Areas where goods and services are made available to the public 3. Access to and usability of restroom facilities 4. Any other features necessary to provide access to the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations of a place of public accommodation A. 1, 2, 3, 4 B. 3, 2, 1, 4 C. 4, 3, 2, 1 D. 3, 1, 2, 4

A. 1, 2, 3, 4

Aging women, as compared to men, are cared for in long-term care facilities at the rate of A. 4 women to 3 men B. 10 women to 9 men C. 1 woman to 2 men D. 2 women to 1 man

A. 4 women to 3 men

A CTRS has been hired as Director if TR Services at the local rehabilitation center to start a new program of services and wants to provide the highest quality services available. She reviews which TR standards to assure program compliance? A. ATRA Standards of Practice B. Joint Commission (JCAHO) standards C. NCTRC certification standards D. ATRA Code of Ethics

A. ATRA Standards of Practice

Which one of the four categories of child development does the skill "plays simple nursery games" belong? A. personal/social B. adaptive/fine motor behavior C. motor behavior D. language

A. personal/social

A written plan of operation for a TR department is most similar to a A. policy and procedure manual B. description of the department's quality performances 'nitiatives C. personnel maintenance record D. summary of all departmental risk management activities for the past five years

A. policy and procedure manual

The basic premise behind "managed care" in the health care industry is A. positive client outcomes produced at low cost B. less focus on the individual, more focus on the diagnosis C. sustaining a person's life at all costs D. that insurance companies will pay whatever the clinical facility charges for a service

A. positive client outcome produced at low cost

Medicare Part B provides for all of the following health services EXCEPT A. prescription medications B. doctor's office visits C. out-patient rehabilitation services D. medically necessary physical and occupational therapy

A. prescription medications

Which of the following is an appropriate strategy for working with individuals with intellectual disabilities? A. present the activity in small steps B. speak loudly and enunciate words clearly C. provide a high degree of stimulation through all five senses D. move through the activity quickly to keep their attention

A. present the activity in small steps

During a leisure planning session, a client said, "We used to take lots of vacation as a family, usually for two to three weeks at a time." The CTRS responded, "Tell me more about your vacations." The CTRS was using which of the following communication techniques? A. probe B. summarization C. clarification D. confrontation

A. probe

When the physician or treatment team creates a master list of patient/client deficits and develops a plan of action focused on these deficits, it is called which of the following? A. problem-oriented medical records (POMR) B. source-oriented medical records (SOMR) C. client deficit planning D. quality improvement

A. problem-oriented medical records (POMR)

A strategic plan is a method of A. projecting needs and activities of an organization in the future B. continuous quality improvement C. protocol development and implementation D. resource utilization

A. projecting needs and activities of an organization in the future

Which of the following are NOT typical characteristics of someone who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia? A. thought disorder B. dysmorphia C. blunted or flat affect D. social withdrawal

B. dysmorphia

What is likely to be the nature/role of CTRS in an acute care setting where the medical model is the mode of operation? A. design recreation participation programs for evening/weekend participation B. conduct one-to-one sessions with clients using leisure as a diversionary tool C. prepare individualized treatment programs based on physicians orders D. pain leisure education sessions so clients gain an awareness of leisure and life satisfaction

C. prepare individualized treatment programs based on physicians orders

All of the following have an impact on how client documentation is recorded, EXCEPT A. external accreditation standards B. agency guidelines and procedures C. legal requirements D. activity analysis

D. activity analysis

The definition of intellectual disability adopted by the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disability (AAIDD) suggests that there is a relationship between intellectual functioning and which of the following? A. social skills B. physical skills C. lability D. adaptive behavior

D. adaptive behavior

Which is the most common adult social interaction pattern? A. intragroup B. multilateral C. interindividual D. extraindividual

A. intragroup

Presbyopia is a visual condition common in individuals that results in A. loss of elasticity of the lens and inability to focus on an object B. an astigmatism of unequal portions C. cataracts D. glaucoma

A loss of elasticity of the lens and ability to focus on an object

Substance-related disorders are categorized according to which Axis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV-TR? A. Axis I - Clinical Disorders B. Axis II - Personality Disorders; Mental Retardation C. Axis III - Acute Medical Conditions D. Axis IV - Psychosocial and Environmental Problems

A. Axis I - Clinical Disorders

In 1953, what organization was formed to identify and resolve different philosophies held by members of the Hospital Recreation Society, the Recreation Therapy Section, and the National Association of Recreation Therapists? A. Council for the Advancement of Hospital Recreation (CAHR) B. American TR Association (ATRA) C. National TR Society (NTRS) D. American Association of RT (AART)

A. CAHR

Evidence-based practice means that the A. CTRS selects interventions based on research findings and professional expertise B. client needs to see evidence before participating C. client is at the center of the treatment D. client will be involved in inclusionary programs

A. CTRS selects interventions based on research findings and professional expertise

The program evaluation is designed at the same time the program is planned so that the A. CTRS will know how and when to collect information as the program progresses B. client will know from the activity calendar when activities are offered C. treatment team can collect information about the continuity of care D. activities are analyzed for their physical, social/affective, and intellectual requirements of clients

A. CTRS will know how and when to collect information as the program progresses

The Leisure Competence Measure (LCM) parallels the format of which of the following client assessments? A. Functional Indepedence Measure (FIM) B. Rancho Los Amigos Scales C. brief Leisure Rating Scale (BLRS) D. Leisure Barriers Inventory (LBI)

A. Functional Independence Measurement (FIM)

The CTRS took client medical records home so she could finish her charting for the week. The CTRS is in violation of which law? A. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) B. Americans with Disabilities Act C. Consumer Health Protection Act D. Health Maintenance Organization Act

A. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

Validity, as a measurement characteristic, asks which of the following questions? A. Is the instrument measuring what it is intended to measure? B. Will the same results happen if the instrument is given a second time? C. Does the manual include directions for administering, scoring and interpreting results? D. How consistent are the results from one client to another?

A. Is the instrument measuring what it is intended to measure?

Which part of the SOAP progress note is the following statement? "Patient states: "Don't bother me!" A. S-Subjective B. O-Objective C. A-Assessment D. P-Plan

A. S-Subjective

Which federal legislation attempts to equalize mental health services with other medical services? A. Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act B. Americans with Disabilities Act C. Equity Healthcare for All Americans Act D. Equal Illness, Equal Healthcare Act

A. Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act

The national voluntary professional registration program that preceded the National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification was administered by the A. National TR Society (NTRS) B. American TR Society (ATRA) C. American Association of RT (AART) D. Council for the Advancement of Hospital Recreation (CAHR)

A. National TR Society (NTRS)

The federal agency that provides regulations to reduce workplace hazards and dangerous conditions is called the A. Occupational Safety and Health Administration B. Department of Health and Human Services C. Department of Homeland Security D. Employment and Job Site Security Bureau

A. Occupational Safety and Heath Administration

A CTRS should use which of the following resources to find successful, proven methods of achieving positive client outcomes through actual TR services? A. Therapeutic Recreation Journal B. an introduction to TR textbook C. Adapted Activities Quarterly D. ATRA Newsletter

A. TR Journal

Which of the following is NOT a benefit resulting from completing an activity analysis? A. a better comprehension of the client's activity interests and preferences B. a rationale or explanation for the therapeutic benefits of activity involvement C. information for selecting a leadership or facilitation technique D. a greater understanding of the complexity of activity requirements for client participation

A. a better comprehension of the client's activity interests and preferences

When a physician or case manager creates a master list of client deficits and develops a plan of action focused on these deficits, this is called A. problem-oriented medical record B. a clinical pathway C. the case load of the physician on staff D. a diagnostic protocol

A. a problem-oriented medical record

The term "branding" in marketing and public relations means that A. a product or service is differentiated from other similar products or services B. all company trademarks are copyrighted C. a company focuses on the one product or service that sells best D. all employees are responsible for 'selling' the product or service

A. a product or service is differentiated from other similar products or services

Which of the following is the best test for agility? A. a timed obstacle course B. repetitious weight lifting C. chin ups D. core strength training

A. a timed obstacle course

The CTRS uses the Information Seeking and Health Spectrum Model to develop TR programs for persons who utilize outpatient services at a physical medicine and rehabilitation center. She provides information to clients that is related to A. adaptations and modifications for leisure participation B. prevention of substance addictions C. improvement of short-term and long-term memory D. optimal arousal and focus

A. adaptations and modification for leisure participation

An adult with intellectual disability has the ability to participate in some general recreation programs within the regular community-based recreation program. When the CTRS helps the client enroll in one of these programs, which of the following mainstreaming principles is being applied? A. advocacy B. deinstitutionalization C. least restrictive environment D. discharge-planning

A. advocacy

The CTRS had eight four-year-old children who had behavioral problems (like kicking, biting, and spitting on others) compete with each other on two bowling teams. Instead of realizing the children had difficulty interacting in the _____ interaction pattern and having them practice skills at that level, she had them participating in an activity that required a ____ interaction pattern, and thus, the children became aggressive and the activity failed. A. aggregate, intergroup B. intraindividual, extraindividual C. aggregate, interindividual D. cooperative, competitive

A. aggregate, intergroup

In health care, the term "capitation" mean the health care provider A. agrees to a preset dollar amount per person and to not ask for further reimbursement B. is reimbursed only for expenses that the client can pay for C. must itemize all charges on the bill and relate each to a specific diagnosis code D. is a member of a fee-for-service organization that agrees on charges prior to admission

A. agrees to a preset dollar amount per person and to not ask for further reimbursement

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an outcome-oriented intervention? A. all clients receive all services B. systematic design occurs before implementation C. programs area based on individual client need D. outcome have relevance and importance to the client

A. all clients receive all services

An individual's responses or scores on the MDS 3.0 may link to a "trigger" that requires a Care Area Trigger (CAT) to be completed. This means that A. an individual will receive a more in-depth assessment in this area B. the CTRS must complete an interview with the family C. the assessment was completed incorrectly D. the information from the assessment is neither valid or reliable

A. an individual will receive a more in-depth assessment in this area

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 allows full and equal access by persons with disabilities to A. any place of public accommodation B. state and federal buildings funded through public taxes C. almost any public accommodation, but excludes recreation facilities D. any recreation facility, whether public, private, or commercial

A. any place of public accommodation

Glaucoma is the result of excessive pressure buildup within the A. aqueous humor of the anterior chamber of the eye B. synovial joint of the neck C. tympanic membrane in the ear D. Eustachian tube

A. aqueous humor of the anterior chamber of the eye

The medical term "ad. lib." is the abbreviation for A. as patient can tolerate B. give freedom liberally C. as often as possible D. daily

A. as patient can tolerate

Almost all models of TR services delivery start with the step of A. assessment B. goal development C. program evaluation D. quality improvement

A. assessment

In which of the following steps does the CTRS place the client into the most appropriate programs? A. assessment B. program planning C. program implementation D. program evaluation

A. assessment

Which of the following are typical parts of a client treatment plan? A. assessment results, goals and objectives, interventions, and reevaluation schedule B. clients deficits, statements, behaviors, and plans for change C. current status, past status, and future status D. strengths, plan of action, and discharge plan

A. assessment results, goals and objectives, interventions, and reevaluation schedule

The director of the TR department conducted a study on the effectiveness of the previous marketing efforts done for TR services. The action taken by the director is called a marketing _______. A. audit B. research schema C. audience D. tool

A. audit

The CTRS is a supervisor of a large TR department in a community mental health center. When staff cutbacks were ordered in the TR department by the center's administrators, she ignored the memos and continued to staff the units on regular schedules. The conflict resolution strategy employed by the CTRS is called A. avoidance B. defusion C. containment D. confrontation

A. avoidance

One of the primary programming considerations for children with hearing impairments that should be included in the activity analysis of all TR activities is: A. balance B. atrophy C. visual requirements D. peripheral vision

A. balance

One of the primary precautions for programming for individuals with hearing impairments is a secondary condition of A. balance deficits B. lowered intelligence C. obesity D. astigmatism

A. balance deficits

An assessment protocol increases the likelihood that the assessment will A. be administered the same way every time it is given B. psychometrically sound C. focus on more than leisure and activity interests D. be reliable for a wide variety of clients

A. be administered the same way every time it is given

Operant conditioning is a form of learning that stems from which type of psychology? A. behavioristic B. humanistic C. instrumental D. psychoanalytic

A. behavioristic

What is a primary outcome of completing a task analysis? A. behaviors needed to complete a skill are listed in a teaching sequence B. a hierarchy of skills used in an activity are prepared C. each behavioral area exhibited in an activity is compared with one another D. the time necessary for intervention is determined

A. behaviors needed to complete a skill are listed in a teaching sequence

Alzheimer's type dementia is caused by A. biological changes in the brain B. getting older C. not engaging in intellectual activities as one ages D. environmental pollutants and toxins

A. biological changes in the brain

If a person with osteoporosis engages in weight bearing activity that is too strenuous, he or she is put at higher risk for A. bone fracture B. contractures C. depression D. vestibular resistance

A. bone fracture

Neurological functions necessary for survival (e.g., breathing, digestion, heart rate) are located in what section of the brain? A. brainstem B. cerebellum C. frontal lobe D. occipital lobe

A. brainstem

In a leisure skills acquisition class, which of the following activities is usually most appropriate for an adolescent male with a recent thoracic spinal cord injury? A. building remote-controlled model airplanes B. plant care C. pilates D. crossword puzzles

A. building remote-controlled model airplanes

Which of the following is the BEST example of a client outcome measure, collected as part of the TR department's quality improvement efforts? A. change in clients' health status or well-being B. change in client's attendance at programs C. development of a baseline for expected client behavior D. development of one-to-one treatment programs

A. change in clients' health status or well-being

Current research has shown that the most common TR services billed for reimbursement include A. client assessment, leisure education, and community re-entry B. client assessment, social skills training, and ADLs C. stress management, group activities, and outpatient services D. values clarification, leisure education, and functional skills training

A. client assessment, leisure education, and community re-entry

Which of the following documents most directly justify reimbursement for TR services? A. client assessment, treatment protocols, and quality improvement documents B. flow charts and trend analysis C. utilization review documents, treatment protocols, and risk management manuals D. policy and procedures manuals

A. client assessment, treatment protocols, and quality improvement documents

What is likely to happen if the assessment instrument is NOT administered in a reliable way to clients? A. client placement into programs will likely be wrong B. clients will improve their functional abilities more quickly C. the activity analysis will yield faulty results D. the client's length of stay will be reduced

A. client placement into programs will likely be wrong

Which of the following is the BEST example of an efficacy research study conducted in a physical rehabilitation setting? A. client skills at discharge are compared with their skills at admission B. the CTRS tracks client attendance at TR programs C. two CTRSs evaluate the inter-rater reliability of their observational assessment tool D. peer reviews are conducted on adherence to ATRA Standards of Practice

A. client skills at discharge are compared with their skills at admission

In which of the four domains does the following statement fall under? "To improve ability to locate leisure resources." A. cognitive B. affective C. physical D. social

A. cognitive

In which of the four domains does the following statement fall under? "To improve decision-making skills related to leisure involvement" A. cognitive B. affective C. physical D. social

A. cognitive

In which of the four domains does the statement below fall under? "To improve ability to locate facilities on a map." A. cognitive B. affective C. physical D. social

A. cognitive

The CTRS used a paper and pencil leisure education activity for a chronic mental health group. During the beginning of the activity, the CTRS realized that the clients could not read. The CTRS did not adequately analyze the _____ requirements of the activity. A. cognitive B. affective C. physical D. administrative

A. cognitive

A CTRS wants to assess a patient's/client's ability to follow simple directions. The CTRS should assess behavior from which of the following domains? A. cognitive B. physical C. emotional D. social

A. cogntivie

When a client has broken her clavicle, she has a broken A. collarbone B. neck C. hip D. leg

A. collarbone

The CTRS bases her intervention programs on the notion that all clients desire to interact effectively with their physical and societal environments and to view themselves as skilled in their quest for a happy and fulfilling life. She is basing her intervention programs on the theory of A. competence-effectance motivation B. trust-building C. flow D. social psychology of leisure

A. competence-effectance

The CTRS is treating a divorced parent who has custody of two children. The lawyer of the noncustodial parent calls seeking information regarding the status of the custodial parent. The CTRS refuses to give information. The CTRS is adhering to which principle of the ATRA Code of Ethics? A. confidentiality and privacy B. justice C. veracity D. competence

A. confidentiality and privacy

A disability that is present at birth is described as A. congenital B. adventitious C. traumatic D. acquired

A. congenital

The client, a 10-year-old boy, has been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The CTRS should be aware of which of the following possible effects of ADHD? A. decreased ability to follow directions B. blunted feelings C. above average organizational skills D. loss of personal sense of identity

A. decreased ability to follow directions

A marketing audit is a vital step in designing a marketing plan for a TR department because it A. describes what past marketing efforts and effects have been B. evaluates the target audiences and the information they seek C. critiques what others have done in the area D. establishes goals and objective for implementation

A. describes what past marketing efforts and effects have been

A person-centered approach to TR means that A. despite differences, we accept that each individual is a unique person B. we encourage age-appropriate behaviors and activities C. we can reduce the impact of the self-fulfilling prophecy D. we encourage clients to think of themselves first, others second

A. despite differences, we accept that each individual is a unique person

Within the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004, and updated in 2011, Part C now includes individuals with A. developmental delays aged 2 and under B. autism spectrum disorder, including Asperger's Syndrome C. mental illnesses as long as they are in school D. traumatic brain injury, regardless of age

A. developmental delays aged 2 and under

The client has been diagnosed with schizophrenia and admitted as an inpatient. The CTRS should be aware of which of the following possible complications of schizophrenia? A. difficulty participating in groups B. increased resting heart rate C. autonomic dysreflexia D. grand mal seizures

A. difficulty participating in groups

In calculating the price to be charged the client in a fee-for-service arrangement, the CTRS should consider which of the following costs? A. direct costs, indirect costs, and uncollectibles (individuals unable to pay) B. department budget, divided by the number of TR programs C. department budget, divided by the number of TR staff D. staff salaries, facility rental, overhead costs

A. direct costs, indirect costs, and uncollectibles (individuals unable to pay)

Which of the following is NOT a possible means of transmission of HIV? A. donating blood B. unprotected sexual intercourse C. sharing drug injection paraphernalia D. mother to fetus

A. donating blood

When assessing a child's ability to remain seated during a 30-minute activity, the CTRS would look for which of the following behavioral characteristics? A. duration of behavior B. frequency of behavior C. intensity of behavior D. rate of the behavior

A. duration of behavior

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an effective group? A. each person monitors someone else's progress toward accomplishing the task B. have a unifying relationship C. seek a shared and common goal D. work together to meet individual and group needs

A. each person monitors someone else's progress toward accomplishing the task

Which of the following is an example of a multidisciplinary treatment team? A. each team member independently assesses and plan interventions for the client B. each team member is responsible for collaborating with others on identifying common goal areas; then selects the best intervention within his or her discipline C. each team member works across disciplinary boundaries to develop goals and plans, and often co-treats clients D. each team member is cross-trained in each other's discipline and there are virtually no boundaries between disciplines

A. each team member independently assesses and plan interventions for the client

Which of the following medications is classified as an adjuvant? A. elavil B. demerol C. percodan D. feldeme

A. elavil

The purpose of Healthy People 2020 is to A. establish benchmarks for monitoring the health of US citizens B. document an exercise plan that all citizens can easily follow C. document nutrition and exercise plan according to individuals' race, age, and gender D. provide a cross-country comparison for monitoring the health of the US versus other countries

A. establish benchmarks for monitoring the health of US citizens

One leadership principle the CTRS should follow when working with autistic children is to A. establish eye contact B. use lengthy activities C. play a lot of active games D. change activities quickly

A. establish eye contact

Which of the following is a team-building strategy for personnel within a TR department? A. establish goals that are to be accomplished as a group B. implement policies without staff input C. keep the information flow to a minimum D. make unilateral decisions

A. establish goals that are to be accomplished as a group

Which of the following is NOT a way for clients to improve their health and well-being? A. exercise to the point of exhaustion once per day B. break patterns of unsatisfying or destructive behaviors C. maximize positive and pleasant experiences D. reflect on positive occurrences in their lives

A. exercise to the point of exhaustion once per day

The CTRS in a long-term care facility plans on designing a program that maximizes interaction between residents. Which of the following would be a PRIMARY consideration in developing and modifying this program? A. existing social skills of the residents B. available facilities C. necessary equipment and materials D. number of qualified staff

A. existing social skills of the residents

Networking is helpful to TR specialists because A. expertise and ideas are shared to improve the quality of programs B. each professional can claim a unique set of skills C. clients are not likely to know more than one TR specialist D. individuals with disabilities are likely to receive fewer services in the future

A. expertise and ideas are shared to improve the quality of programs

The client has been diagnosed with heroin addiction and admitted as an inpatient. The CTRS should be aware of which of the following possible complications of heroin addiction? A. exposure to HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) B. blunted feelings C. rapidly alternating periods of mania and depression D. decreased pain tolerance

A. exposure to HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)

The CTRS manager submitted a report to the executive director, that the activity room had a leak in the ceiling that was causing the floor tiles to ripple and be uneven. The CTRS was practicing risk management with regard to A. facilities B. equipment C. clients D. staff

A. facilities

An older person who does not have static or dynamic balance is at greater risk for A. falls B. loss of muscle strength C. loss of flexibility D. loss of endurance

A. falls

Two CTRSs created agency-specific assessments on their own. One CTRS's assessment results in a score that then is used to place clients into TR programs, while the other CTRS's results in open-ended comments that are more difficult to analyze. The second CTRS's assessment will more likely result in A. faulty program placement decision and inability to show client outcomes B. better validity of assessment results C. better reliability of assessment results D. improved ability to report accurate results to the treatment team

A. faulty program placement decision and inability to show client outcomes

The major purpose of conducting an activity analysis is to make sure the selected activities A. fit the program goals and client characteristics B. are compatible with agency goals and staff abilities C. are both social and physical in nature D. are documented and evaluated on a timely basis

A. fit the program goals and client characteristics

Using a strengths-based approach to TR programming means the CTRS A. focuses on the abilities of the clients B. measures precisely the clients' functional deficits C. provides upper-body strengthening and conditioning programs D. focuses on the clients' former leisure lifestyles

A. focuses on the abilities of the clients

Using an ecological perspective for TR programming means the CTRS A. focuses on the interactions between clients and their environments B. teaches clients to reduce, reuse, and recycle C. reuses supplies as much as possible D. coordinates services with other members of the transdisciplinary team

A. focuses on the interaction between clients and their environment

Consider the following two interview questions/statements to be used in a client assessment. 1. "Tell me how you would go about finding transportation to get to an athletic event downtown." 2. "Tell me about your family." Interview question/statement 1 is better than 2, because it A. focuses on the specific content of TR programs B. requires less short-memory from the client C. requires less time for the client to answer D. takes more time to analyze and interpret the answer for placement into programs

A. focuses on the specific content of TR programs

All of the following would be considered leisure constraints EXCEPT A. freedom of choice B. lack of leisure partners C. inability to make decisions D. fear of stigma

A. freedom of choice

Which method of behavioral observation and recording is the CTRS using when he wants to know how many times the client attends TR programs? A. frequency or tally B. duration C. interval D. instantaneous time sampling

A. frequency or tally

According to the Leisure Ability Model of TR services, the program service categories include A. functional intervention, leisure education, and recreation participation services B. therapy and recreation services C. leisure education, counseling, and recreation services D. inpatient, outpatient, and community services

A. functional intervention, leisure education, and recreation participation services

One of the MOST important aspects of a client/therapist relationship is for the CTRS to A. have an unconditional positive regard for the client B. let the client know he/she is always right C. establish a position of authority with the client D. establish a relationship with the client's family

A. have an unconditional positive regard for the client

The primary role of CTRSs working with individuals who have autism is to A. have them learn a variety of leisure skills that their peers might know B. improve their visual acuity C. teach them how to adapt activities on their own D. improve their ADLs

A. have them learn a variety of leisure skills that their peers might know

The intent of the federal initiative called Healthy People 2020 is to A. heighten awareness of the overall health of Americans, including those with disabilities B. ensure that Americans understand that eating fast food is the prime predictor of obesity C. monitor the increasing amount of time Americans are spending on exercising D. monitor the effects of low-carbohydrate diets on the obesity of Americans

A. heighten awareness of the overall health of Americans, including those with disabilities

Many private hospitals followed the federal government in adhering to a prospective payment system. This means that A. hospitals receive the same fee for each diagnostic-related group (DRG) they treat B. insurance companies will pay whatever hospitals charge for a service C. individuals pay 80% of health care charges D. psychiatric services are available to individuals within their own community

A. hospitals receive the same fee for each diagnostic-related group (DRG) they treat

Which question is the BEST formative evaluation concern? A. how does the second day of the program need to be changed from the first day? B. are the interventions appropriate for the content? C. what were the total resource costs of program delivery? D. was staff adequately prepared to deliver the services to this group of clients?

A. how does the second day of the program need to be changed from the first day?

In a TR program accredited by Joint Commission (JCAHO), the goal would be to A. improve health quality and patient safety B. improve baseline, functional abilities of all clients C. discharge all clients to their own homes/communities D. reduce errors and improve confidence

A. improve health quality and patient safety

Which of the following is NOT a primary symptom of substance use disorders? A. inability to distinguish health and nonhealthy eating B. difficulty withdrawing or eliminating the substance from one's routine C. continued choice to use the substance despite problems associated with use D. change in the individuals' tolerance for the substance

A. inability to distinguish health and nonhealthy eating

Two clients ran away during a community outing. After contacting the police, the CTRS completes which form? A. incident report B. revised treatment plan C. discharge/ referral summary D. liability summary

A. incident report

Medicare is a federal health insurance program that does NOT include which of the following? A. individuals who are first- or second-generation Native Americans B. individuals 65 or older C. individuals under age 65 with certain disabilities D. individuals with end-stage renal disease

A. individuals who are first- or second-generation Native Americans

The CTRS wants to teach clients new leisure activities they can do for low- to no-cost in their home. The best group format would be A. instructional class B. clubs and special interest groups C. drop-in center D. out-trips

A. instructional class

A baby born with fetal alcohol syndrome will most likely have which of the following symptoms or characteristics? A. intellectual disability, facial abnormalities, and stunted growth B. enlarged heart, chemical tolerance, and bowed legs C. stunted growth, heart disease, and short stature D. facial abnormalities, tendency to weep, and stunted growth

A. intellectual disability, facial abnormalities, and stunted growth

When an assessment is norm referenced, it means that the assessment was/is A. interpreted based on the average scores for that person's peer group B. based on a normal population's average scores C. references using the major texts in the TR literature D. based on scores of normal behavior expected within that developmental life stage

A. interpreted based on the average scores for that person's peer group

The custodial/long-term care model of healthcare A. involves total care of the individual, including sleeping, eating, and hygiene B. focuses on establishing a therapeutic community among clients C. centers on the physician as the primary decision-maker for client care D. provides services to clients often living independently

A. involves total care of the individual, including sleeping, eating, and hygiene

What role does a good assessment play in providing intervention programs to clients? A. in ensures that clients are placed in the right programs for their needs B. it shows the client what his/her leisure interests are C. it provides feedback to the therapist about how well the program is going D. it is the basis for quality improvement

A. it ensures that clients are placed in the right programs for their needs

All of the following documents should be evaluated and updated on a regular basis EXCEPT A. job announcement B. performance appraisal C. job description D. written plan of operation

A. job announcement

A CTRS who works with 3- to 5-year-olds in a preschool program, uses Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development to improve the age-appropriateness of his programs. Specifically he teaches the children to A. know when to take action and when to use self-restraint B. play games that require intra-group social interaction skills C. meet their own needs through intrinsically motivated play D. recognize their own strengths and weaknesses

A. know when to take action and when to use self-restraint

If an individual experiences a stroke on the right side of his/her brain, the typical effects include A. lack of depth perception, intuition, and nonverbal perception B. inability to remember past events and to read C. inability to communicate and organize thoughts D. increased lability and anger control

A. lack of depth perception, intuition, and nonverbal perception

An older female has been admitted as a client to psychiatric facility for treatment of severe depression. She says her daughter has taken care of her interest in making her own decisions about leisure involvement. The client may be exhibiting A. learned helplessness B. infantile expressive skills C. extrinsic behavior D. aggressive behavior

A. learned helplessness

The "day-to-day behavioral expression of one's leisure-related attitudes, awareness, and activities revealed within the context and composite of the total life experience" is a person's A. leisure lifestyle B. recreation well-being C. quality of life D. leisure well being

A. leisure lifestyle

The process by which an agency of the government grants permission to persons meeting predetermined qualification to engage in a given occupation is called A. licensure B. accreditation C. certification D. registration

A. licensure

While a medical model of health care focuses on the pathology of a person, the salutogenic model of health focuses on A. lifestyle factors that support, enhance, and produce health B. social relationships that need to be terminated prior to full recovery C. total lifestyle environment to which the patient will return D. direct reimbursement of services

A. lifestyle factors that support, enhance, and produce health

Muscular dystrophy results in which of the following activity interventions? A. loss of muscle function B. decrease in hand-eye coordination C. decrease in attention span D. improved respiration and resting heart rate

A. loss of muscle function

In a treatment protocol, the outcome criteria refers to A. measurable changes brought about in a patient as a direct result of the intervention B. how the assessment is conducted C. the timing of the treatment evaluation D. steps taken and services provided by the CTRS to complete the protocol

A. measurable changes brought about in a patient as a direct result of the intervention

The largest federal third party payer in the US is A. medicare B. blue cross/blue shield C. state farm insurance D. medicaid

A. medicare

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV-TR classifies which type of disorders? A. mental illness B. intellectual disorders C. cognitive impairments D. learning disabilities

A. mental illness

The statement that identifies the agency's basic values and beliefs, and thus defines how it wants to be perceived by the public is called a A. mission statement B. scope of care statement C. marketing statement D. external monitoring statements

A. mission statement

Which of the following is a TRUE statement about alcoholism? A. more males than females are diagnosed with alcoholism B. onset is usually in a person's mid-to late-twenties C. alcoholism is genetically inherited from grandparents D. mortality and morbidity rates are are lower for individuals with alcoholism

A. more males than females are diagnosed with alcoholism

A halfway house is used primarily for individuals who A. need a balance of supervision and independence B. are alcoholics C. have intellectual disability D. have been diagnosed for at least two years

A. need a balance of supervision and independence

For individuals with substance dependence problems, the term tolerance means that the person A. needs more of the substance to achieve intoxication B. is more open-minded and accepting of diverse options C. shows emotional distress during substance withdrawal D. willingly accepts more limitations within his/her life

A. needs more of the substance to achieve intoication

Which of the following are examples of secondary conditions? A. osteoporosis and hip fracture B. spinal cord injury and heart disease C. dementia and losing track of time D. arthritis and scoliosis

A. osteoporosis and hip fracture

Spina bifida typically results in which of the following activity limitations? A. paralysis below the lesion B. increases likelihood of blood disorders C. decreased attention span D. increased motor activity in the lower extremities

A. paralysis below the lesion

Which of the following is a FALSE statement about self-efficacy? A. people are born with or without self-efficacy and it rarely changes during one's life course B. self-efficacy involves one's perceptions about his or her capabilities to attain a goal C. as a person gains mastery in one area, self-efficacy may spread to other areas as well D. to improve self-efficacy, it is better to start with simpler, smaller tasks that can be more readily accomplished

A. people are born with or without self-efficacy and it rarely changes during one's life course

One of the most typical ways to receive direct reimbursement for TR services is by "time units". This means that the patient is charged A. per time intervals (e.g., per 15 minutes) B. as part of the per diem rate C. by the procedures performed D. by the hospital's daily bed rate

A. per time intervals (e.g., per 15 minutes)

Which one of the four categories of child development does the skill "heeds his/her name" belong? A. personal/social B. adaptive/ fine motor behavior C. motor behavior D. language

A. personal/ social

The client tends to blame others when something goes wrong and has a difficult time accepting responsibility for her actions. What TR facilitation technique is MOST LIKELY to be helpful for this client? A. reality therapy B. anger management C. resocialization D. validation therapy

A. reality therapy

The first step in a person changing a negative behavior to a positive behavior is A. recognizing the problem behavior B. reappraising the stressors that caused the original incident C. coping with the negative consequences of the original behavior D. believing the negative behavior can be changed

A. recognizing the problem behavior

According to Healthy People 2020, individuals with disabilities are much more likely to experience all of the following EXCEPT A. reduced use of tobacco B. increased incidence of obesity C. fewer diagnostic and preventative tests D. high blood pressure

A. reduced use of tobacco

In the Therapeutic Recreation Service Delivery Model, as the client gains an ability to make rational choices and become independent, the CTRS A. reduces control over the intervention B. provides a greater number of community integration activities C. focuses to a greater degree on the client's functional abilities D. switches focus to quality of life

A. reduces control over the intervention

All of the following are considered disadvantages of reviewing medical records instead of interviewing or observing the client EXCEPT A. reducing redundancy for the client B. potential inaccuracy of the data C. limited amount or kinds of data D. reducing personal contact with the client

A. reducing redundancy for the client

When using active listening with a client, it is important for the CTRS to do which of the following? A. reflect the feeling tone the client communicates B. respond immediately to the client's statements C. nod his/her head and speak to the client frequently D. ask questions so the client will know the CTRS is listening

A. reflect the feeling tone the client communicates

The Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes created by the American Medical Association describe A. reimbursable intervention units B. recommendations for weekly physical activity C. protocols for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder D. risk management procedures used by most hospitals

A. reimbursable intervention units

A CTRS in a correctional institution may emphasize programming based on improving the individual's self-efficacy in coping with high-risk situations that may trigger re-incarceration. An example of a program title suited for this purpose is A. relapse prevention strategies B. total body workout C. competitive volleyball D. bibliotherapy

A. relapse prevention strategies

A CTRS is most likely to teach which of the following skill sets to individuals with panic disorders? A. relaxation B. cognitive dissonance C. reality orientation D. sensory stimulation

A. relaxation

Which of the following is the BEST example of self-advocacy by someone with a mental illness? A. responding to a newspaper article saying that mental health services are a waste of money with facts about recovery B. going to the supermarket to buy groceries C. joining a weekly support group for individuals with mental illness D. bringing toys to a children's residential facility during the annual Holiday Toy Drive

A. responding to a newspaper article saying that mental health services are a waste of money with facts about recovery

What are the likely consequences of having inadequate resources and staff per activity? A. risk to clients is increased B. the difficulty can be increased C. more content can be covered D. less time is needed to reach targeted goals

A. risk to clients is increased

According to Maslow, all humans are striving to achieve ______ but first must fulfill other essential needs. A. self-actualization B. ego system needs C. a sense of love and belonging D. safety/security

A. self-actualization

High-quality documentation is important for all of the following reasons EXCEPT to A. show the patient's leisure history B. provide data for quality improvement C. improve communication among staff members D. provide professional accountability for services rendered

A. show the patient's leisure history

TR programs for individuals with acute schizophrenic disorders are MOST appropriate when they focus on goals to improve or increase A. social interaction and motor behaviors B. integration into community recreation activities C. adaptive responses to addictive behaviors D. manipulative behaviors of the client

A. social interaction and motor behaviors

The CTRS wants to assess clients for placement into a leisure education program. The CTRS should make sure the instrument is valid and measure which of the following? A. social skills, leisure activity skills, leisure resources, and leisure awareness B. functional limitations, social skills, and physical abilities C. leisure interests, functional limitations, leisure awareness, and leisure resources D. decision-making skills, small group and large group interaction skills, and leisure resources

A. social skills, leisure activity skills, leisure resources, and leisure awareness

Unlike a municipal hospital, a private, for-profit hospital usually A. specializes in one or a limited number of disorders B. is operated by a governmental entity, such as a county C. serves only children D. serves individuals on a long-term basis

A. specializes in one or a limited number of disorders

In order for charting-by-exception to be effective, what first must be accomplished? A. standards of care must be predefined so exceptions can be identified B. the patient must be medically stable and coherent C. reimbursement for services has to be standardized hospital-wide D. all health care professions must agree to a single-page assessment form

A. standards of care must be predefined so exceptions can be identified

A CTRS should observe all of the following procedures when transferring an individual with a physical disability EXCEPT A. standing with feet together B. asking how and what type of assistance is needed C. maintaining a firm grasp on the individual throughout all points of the transfer D. keeping the majority of the individual's weight as close as possible to the CTRS's own body

A. standing with feet together

For each of the standards in the ATRA Standards of Practice, what elements are included as measurement criteria? A. structure, process, and outcomes B. assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation C. rating scales from 1 (Very Poor) to 10 (Excellent) D. self-reporting and peer review

A. structure, process, and outcomes

The three major characteristics of intellectual disability are A. subaverage intellectual functioning, impairment in at least two adaptive skill areas, and evident before age 18 B. subaverage intellectual functioning, lack of physical coordination skills, and extraordinary facial features C. subaverage social, intellectual, and physical functioning within community expectations D. subaverage functioning in home, community, and school environments

A. subaverage intellectual functioning, impairment in at least two adaptive skill areas, and evident before age 18

Which of the following terms means that medication has been delivered under the tongue? A. sublingually B. intramuscularly C. subcutaneously D. intrathecally

A. sublingually

Which of the examples below illustrates using the principles of evidence based research in TR? A. the CTRS uses results from a Therapeutic Recreation Journal article to most efficiently create a stress management program B. the CTRS collects evidence over 12-months to show the attendance rates of clients C. the CTRS attends a research forum at a national conference D. the CTRS calls colleagues to see how their aquatic programs are designed

A. the CTRS uses results from a TR Journal article to most efficiently create a stress management program

Clients are most likely to achieve an optimal experience when A. the activity challenge and their skill level are nearly equal B. they are trying a novel activity C. the activity is similar to what they have experienced before D. stress is low and challenge is high

A. the activity challenge and their skill level are nearly equal

Which of the following examples demonstrate the concept of "flow"? A. the client got so involved in painting a sunset, she lost track of time B. the client, after trying a number of activities, decides he likes archery the best C. the client has three cats and two dogs and volunteers at the animal shelter twice a week D. the client likes to travel to new places at least twice a year

A. the client got so involved in planning a sunset, she lost track of time

Which of the following is an appropriate goal for a client who lacks awareness of personal resources? A. the client will identify four assets within himself/herself that complement her leisure lifestyle B. the client will name three leisure resources in the community C. the client will learn three new leisure activities within the next three months D. the client will register for one community program within one month

A. the client will identify four assets within himself/herself that complement her leisure lifestyle

One of the primary criteria for selecting client assessments for use in TR programs is that A. the content of the assessment matches the content of the intervention program B. it improves the expertise of the specialist C. the inter-rater reliability is high D. it requires specialized training just for TR specialists

A. the content of the assessment matches the content of the intervention program

Which of the following statements reflect the current emphasis of external accreditation agencies in reviewing TR services for quality improvement purposes? A. the effectiveness of TR services is determined by the achieved client outcomes B. the most important criteria for proving effectiveness of TR services is the availability of facilities and adequacy of equipment C. the crucial element in TR quality assurance is the interaction established between the CTRS and the client D. linkages with community agencies is the prime factor in determining quality care in TR services

A. the effectiveness of TR services is determined by the achieved client outcomes

When a hospital or health care agency receives accreditation from the Joint Commission (JCAHO) among other things, it means A. the hospital will receive Medicare payments more easily B. professionals working in the agency will get direct reimbursement for services C. the client will receive a lower quality of care D. client assessment must be completed with 12 hours of admission

A. the hospital will receive Medicare payments more easily

The result from any assessment should give the CTRS a clear indication of A. the programs in which the client should be placed B. the client's leisure interests C. the validity of the tool D. how successful the client has been in achieving the program outcome

A. the programs in which the client should be placed

The two most widely used, evidence-based treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder are A. therapeutic exposure and cognitive reframing B. biofeedback and dream analysis C. escalation and progressive muscle relaxation D. modeling and stress management

A. therapeutic exposure and cognitive reframing

A client holds two opposing beliefs; one is that work is the most important thing in life and the second is the most enjoyment comes from leisure activities. Because this client feels this is a problem, the CTRS might employ which of the following intervention techniques with this client? A. values clarification B. reality orientation C. remotivation D. cognitive restructuring

A. values clarification

If the client assessment cannot distinguish between those who need the program and those who do not, what is likely to happen to the clients? A. they are likely to receive the wrong program, a diversional program, or no program at all B. they will receive both functional intervention and leisure education programs C. they are more likely to benefit from community integration programs D. they are more likely to efficiently reach their outcomes and achieve an early discharge

A. they are likely to receive the wrong program, a diversional program, or no program at all

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of community reintegration programs? A. to go to more theaters and other public venues B. to reduce stigma associated with a disability C. to practice in a real-world setting the skills that have been learned in treatment D. to gain familiarity with community resources

A. to go to more theaters and other public venues

In the Leisure Ability Model, which of the following would be considered an appropriate goal under leisure awareness? A. to improve taking personal responsibility for leisure B. to improve cooperative leisure skills C. to actively participate in a conversation for 5 minutes D. to learn about activity opportunities

A. to improve taking personal responsibility for leisure

In the Leisure Ability Model, which of following would be considered an appropriate goal for functional intervention? A. to improve time-on-task B. to learn about inexpensive leisure resources in the community C. to improve group-entry skills D. to participate in a fitness activity of her choice

A. to improve time-on-task

One of the major DISADVANTAGES of using interviews in client assessment is A. unless the scoring system is in place ahead of time, they are difficult to score and analyze B. they are less likely to get correct information than observations C. that clients often lie about their leisure participation patterns prior to admission D. they reduce personal contact between the client and the CTRS

A. unless the scoring system is in place ahead of time, they are difficult to score and analyze

Universal design of facilities means that the built environment is A. usable to the greatest extent possible by everyone B. free of stairways and curb cuts C. available at those facilities which persons with disabilities frequent D. specific to the age of the individuals who go there

A. usable to the greatest extent possible by everyone

A CTRS selects the Comprehensive Evaluation in Recreation Therapy Scale (CERT-Psych) to measure behavior of a client as observed in group activities. Which assessment characteristic has the CTRS considered in making this selection? A. validity B. reliability C. usability D. practicality

A. validity

The medical term "VO" is the abbreviation for A. verbal order B. halitosis C. ventilator only D. vital organism

A. verbal order

The four basic measurable functions of health (blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and temperature) are called A. vital signs B. health signs C. normal health signs D. normal functioning

A. vital signs

The CTRS wants to help clients with mental health issues increase physical flexibility. What activity is most appropriate for this purpose? A. yoga B. volleyball C. softball D. core training

A. yoga

The CTRS is asked to submit an annual bidget that assumes she start with no dollars and asks her to justify each dollar she then requests. This type of budgeting is called A. zero-based budgeting B. zero-sum score budgeting C. revenue and expense budgeting D. NIL (No Income or Losses) budgeting

A. zero-based budgeting

The first kind of prescription medication offered for pain is A. weak opioids B. strong opioids C. NSAIDS (nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs) D. adjuvants

C. NSAIDS (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)

A CTRS is responsible for administering the MDS 3.0 to her residents. She knows the first step is to A determine whether the resident can indicate a preference B. discuss the residents' needs with the interdisciplinary treatment team C. asses the resident's leisure preferences and interests D. create a variety of activities of interest to the residents

A.determine whether the resident can indicate a preference

In long-term care, skilled nursing units or facilities means that the patients have A. medical needs that require an additional amount of nursing or other therapies B. federal or private insurance coverage C. contagious conditions that threaten the general public D. multiple conditions, often called poly-trauma

A.medical needs that require an additional amount of nursing or other therapies

Those groups of clients known to not benefit from participation will be identified in which part of a protocol? A. etiology B. diagnostic criteria C. inclusion criteria D. risk management considerations

B. diagnostic criteria

Diabetic retinopathy is a condition that often results in A. amputation of lower limbs B. higher blood sugar levels C. blindness D. dark spots on the field of vision

C. blindness

Which method of behavioral observation and recording is the CTRS using when she records how long a certain behavior lasts? A. frequency or tally B. duration C. interval D. instantaneous time sampling

B. duration

A CTRS may work with a person who has recently experienced an extensive thermal burn, by providing which of the following types of sessions? A. leisure resource utilization B. adjustment to disability C. leisure awareness D. assistive devices and adaptive techniques

B. adjustment to disability

After administering the Leisure Diagnostic Battery (LDB), the CTRS scored the client's sub- scales and found that the client had an external locus of control, among other findings. Which of the following client statements would confirm these assessment results? A. "I am a very goal-oriented person." B. "I want you to make that decision for me." C. "I am saving money to go on a vacation next month." D. "I followed up on our conversation and I'm entering that writing contest next week."

B. "I want you to make that decision for me."

Listed below are four steps to "thought stopping". 1. imagine the thought 2. unaided thought interruption 3. aided thought interruption 4. thought substitution Which of the following correctly orders these steps from first to last? A. 1, 2, 3, 4 B. 1, 3, 2, 4 C. 4, 3, 1, 2 D. 4, 3, 2, 1

B. 1, 3, 2, 4

Which of the following organizations allows for the chapter affiliation by local groups of TR specialists? A. National TR Society (NTRS) B. American TR Association (ATRA) C. Recreation Therapy Section (RTS) D. National Council for TR Certification (NCTRC)

B. ATRA

The federal law (and later amendments) that dictates currently the specifications for barrier free design is the A. Architectural Barriers Act of 1968 B. American with Disabilities Act of 1990 C. Mandatory Inclusion Act of 1992 D. Barrier Free Environments Act of 2012

B. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is categorized according to which Axis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV-TR? A. Axis I - Clinical Disorders B. Axis II - Personality Disorders; Mental Retardation C. Axis III - Acute Medical Conditions D. Axis IV - Psychosocial and Environmental Problems

B. Axis II - Personality Disorders; Mental Retardation

The CTRS working in a psychiatric facility for adults needs an assessment instrument that has the capability of monitoring clients in the three areas of general performance, individual performance, and group performance. Which of the following published assessment instruments would be MOST suitable? A. Leisure Diagnostic Battery (LDB) B. Comprehensive Evaluation in RT Scale (CERT-Psych) C. Self-Leisure Interest Profile (SLIP) D. Leisure Activities Blank (LAB)

B. Comprehensive Evaluation in RT Scale (CERT-Psych)

The CTRS wants to assess clients' sensory abilities in functional areas such as visual acuity, depth perception, auditory acuity, and tactile sensation. The best assessment instrument for this use might be the: A. Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) B. Comprehensive Evaluation in Recreation Therapy- Physical Disabilities (CERT-PD) C. FOX Assessment D. Functional Assesment of Therapeutic Recreation Skills

B. Comprehensive Evaluation in Recreation Therapy - Physical Disabilities (CERT-PD)

A CTRS working in a psychiatric facility needs to find information about specific mental illnesses and conditions. Which of the following references would be MOST appropriate? A. Physicians' Desk Reference B. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV-TR C. Therapeutic Recreation and the Nature of Disabilities D. Comprehensive Accreditation Manual for Behavioral Health Care

B. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV-TR

Which part of the SOAP progress note is the following statement? "Pt. turns away when others try to talk with him/her and attends to a craft or a book." A. S-Subjective B. O-Objective C. A-Assessment D. P-Plan

B. O-Objective

Which organization oversees the accreditation of physical medicine programs? A. Joint Commission (JCAHO) B. Rehabilitation Accreditation Commission (CARF) C. American TR Association (ATRA) D. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)

B. Rehabilitation Accreditation Commission (CARF)

Quality assurance/continuous quality improvement is A. a method of comprehensive program evaluation for future program enhancement B. a method for implementing in-service staff training C. required in all clinical and community agencies D. the first step in designing a comprehensive program

B. a method for implementing in-service staff training

In 2001, the World Health Organization defined quality of life as A. return to health after a lengthy period of illness or disability B. a person's perception of their overall health and well-being C. the achievement of homeostasis D. a major factor in ratings of patient satisfaction with health care services

B. a person's perception of their overall health and well-being

Which statement correctly identifies the criteria of an accessible parking space? A. accessible parking spaces are closest to the building entrance B. accessible parking may be distributed in a parking lot if greater access is achieved C. parking spaces and aisles are with a slope no greater than 1:20 D. parking spaces are at least 96 inches wide with adjacent access aisle of 68 inches

B. accessible parking may be distributed in a parking lot if greater access is achieved

During client assessments, the CTRS makes sure to respect the client's viewpoint, allows the client to finish his/her thoughts before speaking again, and asks for clarification when she does not understand an answer. The CTRS is using the technique known as A. values clarification B. active listening C. cognitive restructuring D. non-violent communication

B. active listening

Using a holistic approach to TR services means that the CTRS A. provides integrated services based in the community B. addresses social, physical, cognitive, and emotional functioning in leisure C. is part of a transdisciplinary treatment team D. uses activity analysis to assess the characteristics of leisure activities

B. addresses social, physical, cognitive, and emotional functioning in leisure

The Fox Activity Therapy Social Skills Baseline assessment was developed for use with which population? A. older individuals in nursing homes B. adults with developmental disabilities C. adults with mental health disturbances D. disabled children in inclusion programs

B. adults with developmental disabilities

Educating others about a particular issue on behalf of another person is called A. education for all B. advocacy C. wellness promotion D. attitude adjustment

B. advocacy

In which of the four domains does the following statement fall under? "To express anger in a positive manner" A. cognitive B. affective C. physical D. social

B. affective

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services requires that the MDS 3.0 assessment be conducted with A. all individuals in mental health facilities B. all individuals in long-term care facilities C. qualified individuals in physical medicine facilities D. individuals over the age of 65 with a confirmed medical disability

B. all individuals in long-term care facilities

Debriefing a TR activity or session is important because it allows clients time to A. socialize with peers so the specialist can make additional systematic observations B. analyze the intent of the activity and draw conclusions about their own behavior C. think about the purpose of the activity and how it relates to their past D. take control of the activity and decide what rules and regulations will be followed

B. analyze the intent of the activity and draw conclusions about their own behavior

The drug Librium is most often used to treat which of the following disorders? A. chronic angina B. anxiety C. muscle stiffness D. arrhythmias

B. anxiety

One reason that individuals older than 65 experience increased pain is that they A. have more body parts failing B. are unable to report it adequately C. are often unable to speak or gesture D. experience more side effects from numerous prescribed medications

B. are unable to report it adequately

A person who has a(n) _____ disorder may have limited, inflexible behaviors that inhibit his/her ability to interact with others and deal with certain aspects of his/her environment. A. circulatory B. attention deficit C. nervous D. orthopedic

B. attention deficit

Which of the following is an example of using "displacement" as a defense mechanism? A. not remembering that the event occurred B. attributing the action or behavior to another person C. using a subordinate as the scapegoat D. not acknowledging the magnitude of a stressful event

B. attributing the action or behavior to another person

The discrepancy between the mental age (MA) and the chronological age (CA) for persons with intellectual disability A. becomes less noticeable with age B. becomes more noticeable with age C. influences the quality of the materials used in recreation equipment D. determines the facility to be used

B. becomes more noticeable with age

A client receives a token every time he responds appropriately to a request from a staff member. This approach is called A. behavior management B. behavior modification C. behavior therapy D. milieu therapy

B. behavior modification

One example of a mood disorder is the diagnosis of A. psychosis B. bipolar personality C. paranoia D. organic brain syndrome

B. bipolar personality

According to the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), services are needed at each of the following levels A. community, state, regional, and national B. body part, the whole person, and the person's social context C. medical, rehabilitation, and long-term care D. functional intervention, leisure education, and recreation participation

B. body part, the whole person, and the person's social context

Which of the following is NOT a result of chronic stress? A. adrenal glands secrete corticoids that inhibit digestion B. cellular tissue repair is made more quickly C. reproduction system is impaired D. immune system is weakened

B. cellular tissue repair is made more quickly

All programs in TR should be based on A. resources B. client need C. client interests D. clinician skill

B. client need

The four axes of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV-TR are A. physical, social, emotional, and intellectual disorders B. clinical disorders, medical disorders, personality disorders, and psychosocial problems C. anxiety disorders, affective disorders, substance abuse, and psychomotor disorders D. schizophrenia, bi-polar disorder, substance abuse, and depression

B. clinical disorders, medical disorders, and psychosocial problems

The CTRS wants to start a garden group that clients can independently attend and organize. The best group format would be A. instructional class B. clubs and special interest groups C. drop-in center D. out-trips

B. clubs and special interest groups

Which of the following is a TRUE statement about autonomic hyperreflexia (autonomic dysreflexia)? A. it is often felt as an "aura" before the experience of a seizure B. common in people with spinal cord injuries, it is a rapid and uncontrolled elevation in blood pressure C. it is common among individuals who have chronic schizophrenia and can be controlled through medication D. it is associated with excessive dopamine in the limbic brain center and eventually causes death

B. common in people with spinal cord injuries, it is a rapid and uncontrolled elevation in blood pressure

Which of the following is NOT a method for an active CTRS to be recertified by NCTRC? A. receiving a passing grade in university-level course work B. completing a second internship in a different setting C. attending professional workshops that award CEUs for participation D. writing and publishing educational articles in professional journals

B. completing a second internship in a different setting

In a leisure resources session, the CTRS, asked the client, "Ho would you locate a fitness center in your hometown?" The CTRS's question is at what level of Bloom's Cognitive Taxonomy? A. knowledge B. comprehension C. evaluation D. analysis

B. comprehension

Continually striving to upgrade one's knowledge and skills necessary to practice proficiently is the definition of A. in-service training B. continuing professional competence C. quality improvement D. clinical supervision

B. continuing professional competence

A common secondary condition for individuals with severe arthritis is A. spina bifida B. contractures C. enlarged bones D. aphasia

B. contractures

A client was rated by his physician as having a 61-70 score on the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). The CTRS knew that this might mean the client would benefit from the following services? A. activities of daily living and community integration B. decision-making, problem solving, and coping skills C. functional improvement, time management, and stress management D. health prevention and stress coping

B. decision-making, problem solving, and coping skills

Individuals with spina bifida may be susceptible to a secondary condition called A. cleft palate B. decubitus ulcers C. hip fracture D. synovial distension

B. decubitus ulcers

During a planning session for a community outing, the CTRS told the group that each person was a team member and was responsible for making decisions and helping to plan the outing. The CTRS was using which of the following types of leadership style? A. autocratic B. democratic C. laissez-faire D. motivational

B. democratic

Alcohol is classified in which of the following categories of drugs? A. stimulants B. depressants C. hallucinogens D. narcotics

B. depressants

A client's symptoms of irritability, pallor, trembling, blurred vision, perspiration, fatigue, confusion, and headache, may be indicators of A. traumatic brain injury B. diabetic coma C. heart attack D. post-traumatic stress syndrome

B. diabetic coma

Which of the following is an example of an interdisciplinary treatment team? A. each team member independently assesses and plans interventions for the client B. each team member is responsible for collaborating with others on identifying common goal areas; then selects the best intervention within his or her discipline C. each team member works across disciplinary boundaries to develop goals and plans, and often co-treats clients D. each team member is cross-trained in each other's discipline and there are virtually no boundaries between disciplines

B. each team member is responsible for collaborating with others on identifying common goal areas; then selects the best intervention within his or her discipline

While leading a reminiscing group at the long-term care facility, the CTRS was unprepared to console/counsel a patient when he talked about a traumatic and difficult childhood. The CTRS had inappropriately planned and analyzed the activity in which of the following domains? A. physical B. emotional C. social D. cognitive

B. emotional

When a person believes that his or her culture is superior to or better than other cultures, it is called A. superiority complex B. ethnocentrism C. egotism D. cultural delusion

B. ethnocentrism

Activity analysis is the process of A. examining client characteristics to best place them into programs B. examining the activity components to identify inherent characteristics C. evaluating the effects of the activities/programs on the clients D. evaluating the resources/equipment needed to implement the activities

B. examining the activity components to identify inherent characteristics

"Frontloading" an activity means that the TR specialist A. plans the activity well in advance of its delivery B. explains the intended outcomes at the beginning of the activity C. places all the materials and props at the front of the room D. uses an icebreaker to facilitate group introductions

B. explains the intended outcomes at the beginning of the activity

Once the CTRS has met the sitting requirements for and passed the NCTRC exam, she must renew her certification every year and recertify every ____ year(s) to remain certified. A. ten B. five C. six D. two

B. five

Down Syndrome, the best known form of chromosomal intellectual disability, is characterized by A. short stature and enlarged rib cage and upper arms B. flat, broad face and small ears and nose C. increased urinary tract infections and sexual dysfunction D. lowered IQ and osteoporosis

B. flat, broad face and small ears and nose

A major advantage to knowing the stages of behavior change in the Transtheoretical Model is that the CTRS can A. provide a variety of leisure resources to the clients B. focus on the concerns at each stage C. motivate clients to learn more leisure activities D. increase attendance at TR programs

B. focus on the concerns at each stage

The therapeutic milieu model of healthcare A. involves total care of the individual, including sleeping, eating, and hygiene B. focuses on establishing a therapeutic community among clients C. centers on the physician as the primary decision-maker for client care D. provides services to clients often living independently

B. focuses on establishing a therapeutic community among clients

The medical term "qid" is the abbreviation for A. white blood count B. four times a day C. quadriceps D. within normal limits

B. four times a day

Which of the following is the BEST example of public advocacy? A. speaking on behalf of a patient during a treatment team meeting B. going to a city council meeting to support additional community access C. talking with a patient's family about rights and responsibilities D. making a bulletin board of patients' artwork

B. going to a city council meeting to support additional community access

Muscular dystrophy advances from proximal to distal in the extremities, meaning that A. jumping is one of the last skills to be lost B. hand and finger function remains intact longer C. the person loses muscle from front to back D. the person loses muscle from feet to head

B. hand and finger function remains intact longer

The top two leading causes of death in the US are A. obesity and strokes B. heart disease and cancer C. heart disease and sexually-transmitted diseases D. vehicular accidents and gunshot wounds

B. heart disease and cancer

In a facility that uses the Health Protection/Health Promotion model of TR, what would be the intent of service delivery? A. helping clients become more competent and able to select enjoyable activities B. helping people overcome barriers to health that interfere with their leisure C. promoting human happiness through primary and secondary efforts D. empowering the client to achieve only those goals that improve their leisure lifestyle

B. helping people overcome barriers to health that interfere with their leisure

Paralysis on one side of the body is called A. paraplegia B. hemiplegia C. monoplegia D. quadriplegia

B. hemiplegia

Which of the following is a likely secondary condition to osteoporosis? A. muscle wasting B. hip fracture C. osteoporosis D. hypertension

B. hip fracture

Problem-oriented medical records have which of the following advantages over source-oriented medical records? A. an unrestricted style and format B. improved ability to track problem areas and successes C. record of behavior change over time D. decreases need for staff communication

B. improved ability to track problem areas and success

Which of the following is the BEST example of a receptive communication dysfunction? A. inability to transform experiences into language B. inability to comprehend the written or spoken word C. inability to express oneself through actions or language D. inability to distinguish regional accents in spoken language

B. inability to comprehend the written or spoken word

Which of the following is most likely to produce error in a client's assessment score? A. lack of confidence in the CTRS B. inconsistent administration of the assessment tool C. computerizing the assessment process D. following an assessment protocol

B. inconsistent administration of the assessment tool

Given the goal statement below, which of the following is the most appropriate TR program? "Goal: to increase clients' independent community skills" A. vacation planning seminar B. instructions on taking the bus C. problem solving discussion group D. social skills functional intervention program

B. instructions on taking the bus

Clinical supervision is different than managerial supervision in that it A. can only come from CTRSs B. involves mentoring about practice situations and wisdom C. must be sanctioned by NCTRC D. can only occur in clinical facilities

B. involves mentoring about practice situations and wisdom

In human anatomy, the scapula performs what function? A. it produces extension and flexion of the upper leg B. it forms the shoulder joint where many bones and muscles originate C. it forms the elbow joint with the humerus proximally D. it serves as the foundation for speech

B. it forms the shoulder joint where many bones and muscles originate

Muscle atrophy is caused by which of the following situations? A. lack of intelligence B. lack of physical activity C. excessive calorie intake compared to energy expenditure D. steroids or human growth hormones

B. lack of physical activity

The CTRS may need to describe specific behavioral cues that help describe the client's behavior. The client's _____ can be described using words such as lively, neutral, blunted, flat, stable, labile, defensive, calm, sad, hostile, guarded, distant, evasive, cooperative, and open. A. speech B. mood and affect C. social distancing D. movement

B. mood and affect

Which of the following is an appropriate way to resolve conflicts in communication and achieve compromise? A. being aggressive in order to manipulate or intimidate B. negotiating and coming to an agreement C. giving in to avoid unpleasantness D. avoiding the unpleasant person or situation

B. negotiating and coming to an agreement

Which of the following is NOT a factor in selecting an activity for client participation? A. activities must have a direct relationship to the client goal B. non-traditional activities make the intervention more fun for clients C. a single activity or session is not likely to produce a desired behavioral change D. consider the types of activities in which people will engage when they have the choice

B. non-traditional activities make the intervention more fun for clients

The CTRS was offered free tickets for patients to attend a special performance of a play during the afternoon, but instead chose to have the patients/clients pay and attend a night performance. The CTRS was demonstrating which of the following mainstreaming principles? A. integration B. normalization C. least restrictive environment D. deinstitutionalization

B. normalization

The medical term "NPO" is the abbreviation for A. idiopathic diagnosis B. nothing by mouth C. normal parameters of oxygen D. normal postoperative outpatient

B. nothing by mouth

A common secondary condition for individuals with visual impairments is A. inability to memorize lists of words B. obesity C. impaired concentration skills D. high cholesterol

B. obesity

A client outcome is the A. client's heightened awareness of leisure as a substitute B. observed changes in the client's status as a result of interventions C. end result of an activity analysis D. point at which activity analysis and client assessment intersect

B. observed changes in the client's status as a result of interventions

The CTRS is most likely to work with which of the following disciplines to provide sensory stimulation to individuals with dementia? A. physical therapy B. occupational therapy C. nursing D. child life

B. occupational therapy

In systems program design, a performance measure (PM) is the same as a(n) A. assessment item B. outcome statement C. enabling objective D. mission statement

B. outcome statement

TR services are often included in a facility's per diem rate which means that services are A. directly billable in 15-minute increments B. part of one daily charge for allowable costs C. established on a case-by-case basis D. discounted for large groups negotiated by the insurance company

B. part of one daily charge for allowable costs

The CTRS teaches the client, who has been recently diagnosed with glaucoma, to make which of the following adaptations during activity involvement? A. use eye drops frequently B. periodically scan the entire area from side to side C. use a light background and dark print D. participate in activities only during the day or in areas with bright lights

B. periodically scan the entire area from side to side

Chronic users of cocaine may experience all of the following, EXCEPT A. depression B. periods of excessive sleep C. hypertension D. respiratory and/or cardiac failure

B. periods of excessive sleep

The CTRS observes the client's ability to complete a five-minute walking endurance test. What functional behavior is being assessed? A. cognitive B. physical C. social D. emotional

B. physical

A facility that provided comprehensive services for individuals with physical disabilities on an inpatient and outpatient basis is called a A. community mental health center B. physical medicine and rehabilitation center C. sheltered workshop D. homebound program

B. physical medicine and rehabilitation center

The purpose of client assessment is to A. provide feedback on the effectiveness of an intervention program B. place clients in programs based on their needs C. improvement communication between members of the treatment team D. evaluate client performance in TR programs

B. place clients in programs based on their needs

In what document would the CTRS be MOST likely to find information on staff benefits? A. quality improvement records B. policy and procedure manual C. intern manual D. personnel files

B. policy and procedure manual

All of the following are examples of leisure barriers measure in the Leisure Barrier Inventory, EXCEPT A. time, money, and transportation B. poor self-concept C. availability of leisure partners D. understanding of leisure as a concept

B. poor self-concept

The content of the assessment must match the content of the A. activity analysis B. program C. treatment plan D. quality improvement plan

B. program

In which of the following steps does the CTRS develop intervention protocols? A. assessment B. program planning C. program implementation D. program evaluation

B. program planning

In which of the following steps does the CTRS examine how the content and process of the activity will contribute to the accomplishment of client objectives? A. assessment B. program planning C. program implementation D. program evaluation

B. program planning

The CTRS documented how the client met her initial goals and objectives after two weeks. What form of documentation was the CTRS using? A. assessment summary report B. progress notes C. transition summaries D. discharge summaries

B. progress notes

An insurance carrier's cost control method of paying a prearranged amount for specific service, no matter what the actual cost of those services might be, is called A. third-party reimbursement B. prospective payment C. cost allocation D. unit cost

B. prospective payment

All of the following are ways to establish rapport with clients in an assessment interview, EXCEPT A. introduce yourself and explain your department B. provide answers for the client C. refer to the client by name D. use body language that signals you are listening

B. provide answers for the client

When an individual has mild to strong cravings for a substance and believes the substance is necessary to maintain an optimal state of well-being, it is called A. drug abuse B. psychological dependence C. physical dependence D. tolerance

B. psychological dependence

When a person experiences stress, which of the following physiological reactions occur? A. blood pressure lowers B. pupils (eyes) become dilated C. respirations decrease D. blood rushes to the hands and feet

B. pupils (eyes) become dilated

According to the Health Protection/Health Promotion model, prescriptive activities help the client A. adjust to multiple medications B. recover from a threat to his/her health C. reintegrate into the community D. alleviate the long-term effects of disability and/or disease

B. recover from a threat to his/her health

Older adults often need an extended rest period following physical exertion because they A. are less motivated to continue exercise B. require longer to return to a state of homeostasis after an activity C. fail to properly warm up prior to the exercise D. tend to overexert during physical activities

B. require longer to return to a state of homeostasis after an activity

The CTRS works in a youth correctional facility. At the beginning and ending of each session, he counts the number of scissors and rules to make sure that all recreation supplies are accounted for. The CTRS is involved in what kind of action? A. equipment management B. risk management C. environmental assessment D. quality achievement

B. risk management

People who are intrinsically motivated in their leisure tend to A. avoid situations in which they are challenged to demonstrate a certain skill level B. seek challenges equal to their competence C. avoid situations which may result in negative feedback about their performance D. seek situations that are easily accomplished or quickly won

B. seek challenges equal to the competence

The best indication that pain is present is A. regression to child-like behaviors B. self-report of the client C. swelling and redness in the area D. a similar occurrence in the past 24 hours

B. self-report of the client

The primary purpose of a TR service model is to A. provide data for comprehensive program development B. serve as a guide for the development of programs offered to clients C. provide a standard by which programs can be evaluated D. distinguish between services provided within various settings

B. serve as a guide for the development of programs offered to clients

Which of the following best represents the Activity Therapy model of TR service delivery? A. this focus of programs is on activity skills acquisition B. similar disciplines, such as art, music, dance and recreation therapy, are housed in one department C. the philosophy is "All recreation is therapeutic" D. the focus of programs is on improving the functional independence of clients

B. similar disciplines, such as art, music, dance, and recreation therapy, are housed in one department

In problem-oriented record keeping, the abbreviation SOAPIER stands for A. subjectivity, objectivity, assess, plan, implementation, evaluate, revise B. subjective data, objective data, analysis, plan, interventions, evaluation, revisions C. sources, objects, adjectives, protocols, initiatives, expressions, resolutions D. nothing, it simply means to completely cover (saturate) the topic

B. subjective data, objective data, analysis, plan, interventions, evaluation, revisions

A CTRS is working with a person who is a quadriplegic as a result of a recent diving accident. The CTRS suggests that she try playing Ping-Pong instead of tennis, which she has previously enjoyed. The CTRS is using which of the following TR principles? A. aging-in-place B. substitutionality C.least restrictive environment D. continuity of care

B. substitutionality

During an assessment interview, the client stated, "I hate physical activities. They just wear me out. But my sister just loves to be involved in sports." The CTRS responded, "You don't like exercise, while your sister does." The CTRS was using which of the following communication techniques? A. probe B. summarization C. redirection D. confrontation

B. summarization

Which of the following is an example of extinction that is meant to reduce a specific behavior? A. taking a client to the zoo when they are afraid of animals B. taking away a favorite toy when the client misbehaves C. talking to the client about antecedents, behaviors, and consequences D. applying the principle of negative reinforcement

B. taking away a favorite toy when the client misbehaves

Asking the question "How stable is the instrument over a given period of time?" is an example of looking at the assessment's A. concurrent validity statistics B. test-retest estimates C. Cronbach's alpha D. internal consistency estimates

B. test-retest estimates

What is likely to happen when the content of the assessment does not match the content of the programs designed for client participation? A. the assessment is likely to be more valid than reliable B. the assessment will not lead to proper program placement and clients will not reach their goals C. outcomes will be better defined and less ambiguous D. the assessment will have less cultural bias and increased sensitivity

B. the assessment will not lead to proper program placement and clients will not reach their goals

Which of the following example demonstrates the concept of "learned helplessness"? A. the client plans on her calendar to do at least one fun thing per week B. the client has repeatedly failed and doesn't want to try any more C. the client has trouble remembering to ask for help D. the client learned that asking for help is not a weakness

B. the client has repeatedly failed and doesn't want to try any more

Which of the following is an example of "subjective" data that may be recorded in a progress note? A. the client has a prominent odor late in the day B. the client's sister said, "he doesn't really look forward to getting out" C. the client seems really happy during TR activities D. the client appears depressed and withdrawm

B. the client's sister said, "he doesn't really look forward to getting out"

What is an advantage of asking open-ended questions of clients for a program evaluation? A. the answers are easily quantifiable B. the clients are able to expand on their answers C. the specialist needs to be skilled in interviewing people D. there is no advantage to open-ended questions

B. the clients are able to expand on their answers

Three early professional organizations for TR (HRS, NART, & RTS) formed the National Council for the Advancement of Hospital Recreation (CAHR). What was the major accomplishment of CAHR in 1956? A. a combined professional philosophy for the entire field B. the creation of the National Voluntary Registration Plan for TR Personnel C. the creation of the National TR Society D. the first standards of practice for TR practitioners

B. the creation of the National Voluntary Registration Plan for TR Personnel

In Section O of the MDS 3.0, all of the following conditions must be present to be considered concurrent therapy EXCEPT A. two or more residents are engaged in different tasks B. the director of nursing must be present C. the residents must be in direct line-of-sight of the therapist or assistant D. student interns must be in direct line-of-sight of therapist, if providing treatment

B. the director of nursing must be present

Which of the following is a likely result of a profession having and adhering to protocols? A. more people are likely to enter the field B. the specialist can provide better services that are more similar to others provided around the country C. clients will need to stay in treatment facilities longer to receive the full benefits of the protocol D. insurance companies are likely to deny payment for services in the protocol

B. the specialist can provide better services that are more similar to others provided around the country

When individuals with disabilities are categorized and labeled (e.g., "the retarded", "the disabled"), it shows A. misconceptions about professionalism B. the underlying attitudes held toward individuals with disabilities C. inadequate information about health and illness D. religious beliefs toward perceived differences

B. the underlying attitudes held toward individuals with disabilities

The CTRS can make which of the following assumptions about clients in a day care center for older adults? A. they are in need of acute medical care B. they have or can arrange transportation and have a reasonable level of health C. they live below the income poverty level D. they need reality orientation and remotivation training activities

B. they have or can arrange transportation and have a reasonable level of health

The client was discharged from the clinical facility because it was determined that he was not making further progress in his rehabilitation efforts and the "bed space" could be better utilized for an incoming patient. Which of the following committees or departments would make this recommendation? A. professional standards review organization (PSRO) B. utilization review C. medical records review D. risk management review

B. utilization review

A client in a stroke rehabilitation program, states, "I really like to spend time with my family, and have two activities planned for this weekend." She is expressing emotions at what level of the Krathwohl's Affective Taxonomy? A. responding B. valuing C. organization D. characterization

B. valuing

The CTRS knew that she could not program for and measure outcomes for self-esteem, but she still wanted to program in this area and have clients achieve measurable outcomes. What outcomes would be more appropriate than "improve self-esteem"? A. improve self-concept B. verbalize two positive statements about self C. decrease negative thoughts about self D. increase self-image

B. verbalize two positive statements about self

In 2001, the World Health Organization revamped its classification of human functioning and disablement. Called the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), it promotes A. better medical care in third world countries B. viewing human functioning and disablement from a biopsychosocial model of health C. more active treatment for those with severe disabilities and terminal illnesses D. TR as one of three services that promote quality of life

B. viewing human functioning and disablement from a biopsychosocial model of health

All of the following may be questions that the CTRS uses to improve clarity and completeness to a narrative note EXCEPT A. how did I first become aware of the problem? B. what has the client said about the problem that is not significant? C. is this the same problem that was exhibited last week? D. what is the plan for dealing with the problem?

B. what has the client said about the problem that is not significant?

Which of the following is a true statements about the aging process? A. individuals with less education tend to outlive those with more education B. women tend to outlive men C. ethnic minority members tend to outlive Caucasians D. individuals who are single tend to outlive those with families

B. women tend to outlive men

The anatomical term "carpal" refers to which area of the body? A. abdominal cavity B. wrist C. thigh D. buttocks

B. wrist

Which of the following statements represents the MOST assertive response to the question "Where would you like to eat dinner tonight?" A. "we can go anywhere you want" B. "I don't care where we eat, you always choose anyway" C. "I'd like to try that new Italian restaurant by the mall" D. "you should know where I want to eat by now"

C. "I'd like to try that new Italian restaurant by the mall"

There are how many vertebra in the thoracic vertebrae of the human spine? A. 8 B. 10 C. 12 D. 14

C. 12

There are how many vertebrae in the cervical region of the human spine? A. 3 B. 5 C. 7 D. 9

C. 7

Which part of the SOAP note focuses on the CTRS's interpretation of the client's actions and verbalizations? A. S-Subjective B. O-Objective C. A-Assessment D. P-Plan

C. A-Assessment

Which part of the SOAP progress note is the following statement, "The client lacks adequate knowledge of community resources to be able to function independently." A. S-Subjective B. O-Objective C. A-Assessment D. P-Plan

C. A-Assessment

Which of the following statements indicates that the client is at the precontemplation stage of behavior change? A. I'll check out the fitness center when the weather gets nicer B. I'm glad I asked my friend to go to the fitness with me next week C. I don't need to go to a fitness center; I'm in pretty good shape. D. I wonder what the hours of the fitness center are?

C. I don't need to go to a fitness center; I'm in pretty good shape

Which of the following assessments was designed to coincide with the Functional Independence Measure (FIM)? A. Leisure Diagnostic Battery (LDB) B. Comprehensive Evaluation in Recreational Therapy Scale (CERT) - Psych C. Leisure Competence Measure (LCM) D. Leisure Activities Blank (LAB)

C. Leisure Competence Measure (LCM)

CTRSs and activity personnel typically complete which section of the MDS 3.0 assessment? A. section A functional abilities and wellness B. section C activity interests and participation C. section F preferences for customary routine and activities D. section K activities of daily living and leisure experiences

C. Section F preferences for customary routine and activities

The dividing vertebra between being classified as a paraplegic and a quadriplegic is A. C8, T1 B. T12, L1 C. T1, T2 D. T5, T6

C. T1, T2

Health can be defined, not just as the absence of illness, but as A. a higher level of disease process B. exercising three days a week for at least 30 minutes at a time C. a sense of physical, mental, and social well-being D. minimal deviation from normal functioning

C. a sense of physical, mental, and social well-being

All of the following are true statements about client assessment in TR EXCEPT assessments should be A. selected or developed based on a specific purpose B. able to gather necessary information in a logical and straightforward manner C. able to be completed by clients within a short time frame D. able to produce results that are as valid and reliable as possible

C. able to be completed by clients within a short time frame

In medical terminology, AROM means A. about the room once B. asynchronous range of motion C. active range of motion D. higher than average

C. active range of motion

Which of the following is an example of the condition part of a behavioral objective? A. with level 4 minimal assistance B. the client will plan a weekend trip C. after the completion of the program D. two out of three times

C. after the completion of the program

Which of the following is NOT a requirement of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 and later rules? A. enforce policies and procedures to protect patient information B. designate a person to oversee adherence to the rules C. allow children to make health care decisions for themselves D. secure patient records to that a minimal number of people have access

C. allow children to make health care decisions for themselves

An individual with a moderate hearing impairment would MOST likely need which of the following services or adaptations? A. community mobility training B. well-lit rooms with bright colors C. amplification devices in some situations D. personal assistants to take care of daily needs

C. amplification devices in some situations

A person who had a brain injury and now has problems speaking is considered to have A. autism B. an aneurysm C. aphasia D. an occlusion

C. aphasia

What effect has clients' shortened length of stay had on client assessment? A. it is now a much easier task because clients are more focused on their own treatment B. the connection between gathering a baseline of information and measuring for outcomes has been strengthened C. assessments need to be concise and administered more quickly following admission D. the effect has been minimal because TR specialists have always been known for efficient assessments

C. assessments need to be concise and administered more quickly following admission

One of the problems with client assessment in TR services is that A. there are too many assessments from which to select B. clients are too diverse to be assessed C. assessments that are validated for practice are difficult to find and use D. the information they gather is often in conflict with that of other treatment team members

C. assessments that are validated for practice are difficult to find and use

What is the purpose of the Health Protection/Health Promotion Model? A. independent leisure functioning B. facilitating healthy self-actualization C. attaining highest level of health D. reducing blocks to quality of life behaviors

C. attaining highest level of health

Which of the following represents the highest level of cross-cultural competence? A. being aware that one is lacking knowledge about another culture B. learning about clients' cultures and providing culturally specific interventions C. automatically providing culturally congruent care to clients of diverse cultures D. not being aware that one is lacking knowledge about another culture

C. automatically providing culturally congruent care to clients of diverse cultures

Active treatment means that intervention is A. delivered in the least restrictive environment B. provided to all clients, regardless of ability and/or interest C. based on reasonable expectation of improving the client's condition and reducing future care D. based on the American College of Sports Medicine's (ACSM's) recommendation for physically active leisure

C. based on reasonable expectation of improving the client's condition and reducing future care

Observation of overt behavior and the learning of new behavior is a focus of _______ theory. A. psychoanalytic B. cognitive-behavioral C. behavioristic D. growth

C. behavioristic

In the Leisure Ability Model, the purpose of functional intervention services is to A. provide co-treatment with other therapies at the most basic, functional levels B. acquaint clients with available and appropriate community services C. bring clients up to the baseline of their peers' average functional level D. increase the physical capabilities of clients

C. bring clients up to the baseline of their peer's average functional level

In the mental illness diagnosis classification system used by the American Psychiatric Association, Axes I and II describe A. physical disorders related to mental illness B. unrelated symptoms C. categories and conditions of mental illness D. social support networks that can be used by the client

C. categories and conditions of mental illness

The medical/clinical model of healthcare A. involves total care of the individual, including sleeping, eating, and hygiene B. focuses on establishing a therapeutic community among clients C. centers on the physician as the primary decision-maker for client care D. provides services to clients often living independently

C. centers on the physician as the primary decision-maker for client care

Which one of the following components is missing from the discharge summary? "Pt. was referred to TR program due to lack of appropriate social skills at peer level and complaints of boredom. Pt. participated in Social Skills Training programs on a weekly basis and Leisure Opportunities programs on a daily basis for 5 weeks. Pt. enrolled in 2 community-based leisure programs. CTRS will follow-up in 3 weeks to monitor client progress in community." A. major client goals or problems B. services received by the client C. client attainment of goals D. plans for post-discharge involvement

C. client attainment of goals

The Joint Commission (JCAHO) identifies three categories of outcome measures: health status, patient perceptions of care, and client performance outcomes. The CTRS reports on client's functional improvement, which falls in which of the following categories? A. health status B. patient perceptions of care C. client performance outcomes D. none of the above

C. client performance outcomes

One of the principles in ATRA's Code of Ethics is Informed Consent. This concept means A. all client data must be verified by a third party prior to any treatment B. insurance companies have the right to limit the amount of payment for any service C. clients have the right to know the benefits and risks prior to participation D. clients' photographs cannot be taken with their permission

C. clients have the right to know the benefits and risks prior to participation

Units or facilities that are especially designed for individuals with moderate to advanced dementia include which of the following design considerations? A. mazes for wandering, bright colors, no signage, heavy security doors B. minimal clutter, no more than 10 residents per unit, one large bedroom for all 10 C. clusters of residences, meaningful wandering path, positive and secure outdoor space D. walking paths through the community, well-lit areas, large activity spaces

C. clusters of residences, meaningful wandering path, positive and secure outdoor space

According to the Transtheoretical Model, if the client has developed a plan of action with intentions for implementation within the next month, he is at what stage of behavior change? A. precontemplation B. contemplation C. preparation D. action

C. preparation

Which of the following is NOT a principle of activity analysis? A. analyze the activity as it is normally engaged in B. analyze the activity with regard to the minimal level of skills required for basic, successful participation C. complete the activity analysis at least 24 hours before leading the activity D. when completing an activity analysis, rate the activity as compared to all other activities

C. complete the activity analysis at least 24 hours before leading the activity

The CTRS was interacting with the client and said, "You said you wanted to become more physically active but you refused to come to exercise class today." The CTRS was using which of the following communication techniques? A. teach back B. summarization of feeling C. confrontation D. request for clarification

C. confrontation

If the CTRS makes an error while writing in the client's chart, he should A. use white correction fluid over the error and then write the correction in ink B. report the mistake to his boss, and begin on a clean new page C. cross out the error, write "error" above it and initial it D. learn to always chart in pencil so mistakes can easily be erased and corrected

C. cross out the error, write "error" above it and initial it

ATRA's Standards for the Practice of Therapeutic Recreation document is divided into two sections of A. assessment and program planning B. clinical and community guidelines C. direct practice and management D. inpatient and outpatient care

C. direct practice and management

When a client has a "lack of leisure awareness", it means she A. knows very few leisure skills B. has severe cognitive deficits C. does not understand the importance of leisure D. has developed a meaningful and satisfying leisure lifestyle

C. does not understand the importance of leisure

Reliability, as a measurement characteristic, asks which of the following questions? A. does the manual include directions for administering, scoring, and interpreting results? B. does the instrument match the programs offered to clients? C. does the instrument yield accurate information about the client? D. is the instrument measuring what it is intended to measure?

C. does the instrument yield accurate information about the client?

The CTRS wants to create an activity area that clients can come to and complete their own art projects, work on puzzles, or have conversations with others. The best program format would be A. instructional class B. clubs and special interest groups C. drop-in center D. out-trips

C. drop-in center

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of "high performance teams" of people working in a health care environment? A. decisions are made by group members B. each person shares in the responsibility for success C. each person works in his or her "work silo" D. responses to requests are timely and efficient

C. each person works in his or her "work silo"

Which of the following is an example of a transdiscplinary treatment team? A. each team member independently assesses and plans interventions for the client B. each team member is responsible for collaborating with others on identifying common goal areas; then selects the best intervention within his or her discipline C. each team member works across disciplinary boundaries to develop goals and plans, and often co-treats clients D. each team member is cross-trained in each other's discipline and there are virtually no boundaries between disciplines

C. each team member works across disciplinary boundaries to develop goals and plans, and often co-treats clients

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of evidence-based practice? A. help focus intervention programs on client outcomes B. improves relative consistency from program to program C. eliminates need for program evaluation data D. helps determine content of client assessments

C. eliminates need for program evaluation data

A CTRS wants to asses a patient's/client's ability to control anger. The CTRS should assess behavior from which of the following domains? A. cognitive B. physical C. emotional D. social

C. emotional

Which of the following is an appropriate area for assessing affective functioning? A. dual communication skills B. safety awareness C. emotional regulation D. leisure attitudes

C. emotional regulation

The Americans with Disabilities Act includes provisions specifically regarding A. employment, government services, and recreation B. public transit, government services, and recreation C. employment, public entities, telecommunications, and public accommodations D. employment, recreation, and public accommodations

C. employment, public entities, telecommunications, and public accommodations

All of the following things affect people's attitudes toward individuals with disabilities, EXCEPT A. characters portrayed in movies B. fairy tales and childhood stories C. etiological concerns D. television advertisements

C. etiological concerns

The CTRS wants to develop a stress management program. He first reviews the Therapeutic Recreation Journal, the Annual in Therapeutic Recreation, and the American Journal of Recreation Therapy to determine what is known about the design and effects of stress management programs in TR so he can apply that information to build the program he provides clients. The CTRS is performing what task? A. a field review B. a research study C. evidence-based practice D. a meta-analysis

C. evidence-based practice

The CTRS in a facility for at-risk youth plans on designing an anger management skills program. Which of the following would be a PRIMARY consideration in developing and modifying this program? A. available facilities B. necessary equipment and materials C. existing emotional control of the youth D. existing physical abilities of the youth

C. existing emotional control of the youth

The difference between a vision statement and a statement of purpose for an organization is that a vision statement is A. never put into operation B. created solely by the top level managers C. far-reaching and translates values into a desired future D. is for the immediate future and is directly translated into operational goals

C. far-reaching and translates values into a desired future

Of the five major life areas (vocational, family, spiritual, social, leisure, and legal), leisure often is the ____ impacted by the use of substances. A. last B. second C. first D. third

C. first

The CTRS evaluated the 16-week summer programming sessions at 4-week, 8-week, and 12-week intervals to gather which of the following types of program evaluation information? A. instantaneous time sampling B. quality assurance health care monitoring C. formative D. summative

C. formative

The purpose of client assessment in TR is to A. identify a client's leisure interests B. make appropriate referrals to various professionals C. gather information to develop an individual treatment plan D. list the client's strengths and weaknesses

C. gather information to develop an individual treatment plan

Which of the following is an example of clinical supervision? A.overseeing clients on a community out-trip B. overseeing clients during an in-house discussion group C. helping a junior professional become a better practitioner D. performing personnel evaluations on staff at least once per year

C. helping a junior professional become a better practitioner

One reason that client assessment is important to TR service delivery is it A. empowers clients to prepare for life changes B. relates directly to program evaluation C. helps clients achieve their goals by being placed in the most appropriate evaluation D. analyzes which programs are best for certain groups of clients

C. helps clients achieve their goals by being placed in the most appropriate evaluation

The CTRS wants to assess clients' stress management skills. Which of the following questions is most appropriate? A. can you feel the breath going in and out of your body? B. when is the last time you experienced stress? C. how do you handle stress when you experience it? D. are you aware of stress?

C. how do you handle stress when you experience it?

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate question for a cognitive assessment for older adults in long-term care? A. what day of the week is it today? B. how would you find someone to play cards with while here in the facility? C. how often do you talk with family members? D. what leisure activities did you like to do before you became a resident here?

C. how often do you talk with family members?

The CTRS wants to assess social skills. Which of the following questions is most appropriate? A. what do you like to do when you're alone? B. what do you do for fun? C. how would you greet someone you do not know? D. do you enjoy dual sports?

C. how would you greet someone you do not know?

After the client assessment has been completed, the next step in the programming process is to A. write treatment summaries B. analyze activities C. identify the problem(s) D. develop goals and objectives

C. identify the problem(s)

After the client assessment has been completed, the next step in the programming progress is to A. write treatment summaries B. analyze activities C. identify the problem(s) D. develop goals and objectives

C. identify the problem(s)

The CTRS on a mental health unit plans on providing instruction on coping skills for clients. Which of the following would NOT be a consideration? A. number of participants B. types of equipment and materials needed C. increase in behavioral prompts D. level of social interaction skills

C. increase in behavioral prompts

The client's goal is to develop appropriate competitive skills. The CTRS selects table games like checkers and tic tac toe to initiate intervention. At what social interaction level has the CTRS begun intervention? A. extra individual B. aggregate C. inter-individual D. unilateral

C. inter-individual

Which social interaction pattern is displayed in singles tennis? A. intragroup B. multilateral C. interindividual D. extraindividual

C. interindividual

Which of the following activities is most appropriate for improving clients' knowledge of the benefits of leisure? A. social interaction skill instruction B. knowledge of leisure resources C. leisure awareness D. leisure interest exploration

C. leisure awareness

Typical experiences of individual with new spinal cord injuries include A. heightened ability to cope with stress, fewer leisure options, and lowered self-esteem B. decreased helplessness, fewer employment opportunities, and better-relationships C. loss of ability and skills, disruption of relationships, and dependence on others D. higher risk for infections, lowered intellectual ability, and lowered self-esteem

C. loss of ability and skills, disruption of relationships, and dependence on others

Which of the following is the best approach to use with individuals who are kinesthetic learners? A. drawings on a chalkboard or white board B. verbal recordings of instructions C. materials that provide tactile stimulation D. charts, signs, and posters with clear instructions

C. materials that provide tactile stimulation

Dementia typically results in which of the following activity limitations? A. decrease in amount of aphasia B. increased likelihood of blood disorders C. memory loss D. increase in executive functioning

C. memory loss

The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) is a numeric scale used by clinicians and physicians in what type of setting? A. long-term care B. physical rehabilitation C. mental health D. pediatric health care

C. mental health

The following is an example of which one of the following health care delivery systems? This model is based on the philosophy that mental illness is the product of unhealthy interactions with one's environment. A. medical B. custodial C. milieu D. education and training

C. milieu

When serving a program evaluation function, the assessment tool or procedure and its results may be used to A. plan appropriate programs for client needs B. provide an accurate and valid diagnosis for client treatment C. monitor the continuing behavior of clients D. ask for input from the other therapists on the treatment team

C. monitor the continuing behavior of clients

Which one of the four categories of child development does the skill "sits leaning forward on hands" belong? A. personal/social B. adaptive/fine motor behavior C. motor behavior D. language

C. motor behavior

Which one of the four categories of child development does the skill "walks with help" belong? A. personal/social B. adaptive/fine motor behavior C. motor behavior D. language

C. motor behavior

Which of the following conditions is genetic, produces gradually wasting muscle, with accompanying weakness and deformity? A. spina bifida B. multiple sclerosis C. muscular dystophy D. osteoarthritis

C. muscular dystrophy

Which of the following is the most difficult of all documentation methods to easily interpret and extrapolate information from? A. problem-oriented records B. focus charting C. narrative records D. SOAP notes

C. narrative records

Given the goal statement below, which of the following is the most appropriate TR program? "Goal: To provide opportunities for self-expression" A. open gym for volleyball practice B. outdoor bocce ball game C. open time in the woodworking room D. art instruction in quilting

C. open time in the woodworking room

The medical term "oriented x3" is the abbreviation for A. can go as high as 3 times tables in math skills B. recognizes 3 objects C. oriented to person, place and time D. can have three visitors at a time

C. oriented to person, place and time

Client documentation and program documentation are important because they allow for all of the following EXCEPT A. increased communication among staff members B. a higher degree of accountability C. patient autonomy D. adherence to professional and external standards

C. patient autonomy

A clinical CTRS and a community CTRS are conducting a marketing analysis to set-up a joint outpatient TR rehab program. Which statement identifies a factor that would be considered an opportunity to promote this joint venture? A. PT and OT are currently contracting their services in the community B. a private health care company is providing in-home care in the area C. patient length of stay in inpatient rehabilitation is continuing to decrease D. an ADA survey is presently being conducted in the community

C. patient length of stay in inpatient rehabilitation is continuing to decrease

The major difference between an acute care hospital and a physical rehabilitation center is the A. types of professional found on the treatment team B. patient's/client's readiness for outpatient programs C. patient's/client's medical stability and need for care D. level of professional accountability required by external accreditation standards

C. patient's/client's medical stability and need for care

In implementing an exercise program for aging individuals, the CTRS becomes aware that the planned activity is too strenuous for the participants. The CTRS inadequately analyzed the _____ requirements of the activity for the given population. A. social B. emotional C. physical D. cognitive

C. physical

In which of the four domains does the following statement fall under? "To increase standing tolerance to 15 minutes." A. cognitive B. affective C. physical D. social

C. physical

Which of the following activities has been proven to be most effective with improving psychological states? A. soothing music B. building bird houses C. physical exercise D. joining a social club

C. physical exercise

The CTRS wants to start a walking program for clients who meet the criteria for entering the program. With which of the following disciplines is the CTRS most likely to collaborate on the treatment team? A. personal trainer B. occupational therapy C. physical therapy D. outpatient therapy coordinator

C. physical therapy

Recreation participation programs are MOST appropriate for clients who need to A. improve physical endurance B. learn new leisure and recreation skills C. practice social skills in an unstructured environment D. become more aware of the role leisure plays in their lives

C. practice social skills in an unstructured environment

In which of the following steps does the CTRS use modalities and facilitation techniques to improve the delivery of programs? A. assessment B. program planning C. program implementation D. program evaluation

C. program implementation

Which of the following is NOT criteria for selecting "important aspects of care" to monitor during quality assurance reviews? A. programs that serve large numbers of clients B. programs that put clients at risk of serious consequences C. programs that occur on an annual basis D. programs that, in the past, have produced problems for staff or clients

C. programs that occur on an annual basis

Which type of facility has the highest bed occupancy rate of all long-term facilities? A. nursing homes B. state facilities for individuals with developmental disabilities C. psychiatric hospitals D. physical medicine and rehabilitation centers

C. psychiatric hospitals

In using a service marketing approach to promote her community-based program, the CTRS focuses on which of the following? A. relationships to clients B. the price point for programs provided C. quality of the programs provided D. the staff that provide services

C. quality of the programs provided

In establishing an environment that embraces multiculturalism, the CTRS would A. make sure all ethnic holidays are on the activity calendar B. introduce signage that includes both English and Spanish, and possibly French C. recognize people's differences while establishing a sense of unity D. follow the agency directives with regard to nondiscrimination toward foreigners

C. recognize people's differences while establishing a sense of unity

In promoting their long-term care facility, the CTRS suggested her management team capitalize on the bond and affinity that current residents have with staff. The CTRS is promoting which kind of marketing? A. product marketing B. services marketing C. relationship marketing D. public relations

C. relationship marketing

Which of the following would improve the reliability of the results of an assessment tool? A. replace all closed-ended items with open-ended items B. shorten the length of the assessment C. remove all items that were ambiguous to the clients D. limit the time the client has to complete the assessment

C. remove all items that were ambiguous to the clients

Which of the following client descriptions BEST demonstrates the custodial or long-term care model of service delivery? A. individuals in acute psychiatric care B. day camp participants C. residents is a state mental health facility D. individuals in a physical medicine and rehabilitation center

C. residents is a state mental health facility

Which of the following should the CTRS do before she interviews the client for the TR assessment? A. decide which behaviors are pertinent to the TR assessment B. perform an activity analysis on likely activities of interest C. review medical records to obtain background information D. interview the clients' family members

C. review medical records to obtain background information

It is the responsibility of every CTRS to advocate for the leisure rights of individuals with disabilities because leisure is a(n) A. privilege B. option C. right D. challenge

C. right

Neuroleptics are a class of prescription medications for which of the following disorders? A. agoraphobia B. tardive dyskinesia C. schizophrenia D. neuropathy

C. schizophrenia

Most facilities utilize treatment teams in order to A. provide better documentation of services B. receive community support for programs C. shorten the client's length of stay at the facility D. bill clients at a higher rate

C. shorten the client's length of stay at the facility

Compare the two progress notes written below: 1. Friday, 12/11 - Pt. seemed withdrawn on community outing Friday night 2. Friday, 12/11 - While pt. was attending community outing Friday night, she conversed only once with other pts. for approximately one minute. Pt. remained alone in the corner of the van during transit, and stayed at a separate table during most of the night. Progress note 2 is the better written than progress note 1 because it A. states more consistent information B. relies on professional judgments C. states behavior rather than conclusions D. use less professional jargon

C. states behavior rather than conclusions

Which of the following is an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy? A. the client enjoyed every minute of the self-awareness activity B. the client felt great joy at helping other people, especially older adults C. the client failed to score a point, just as he predicted earlier D. the client always knew she wanted to be a TR specialist

C. the client failed to score a point, just as he predicted earlier

Which of the following is an example of having an internal locus of control? A. the client is motivated to participate to receive approval from the staff B. after a game, prizes are given out randomly C. the client wants to improve her artistic ability D. the clients look forward to receiving prizes after bingo

C. the client wants to improve her artistic ability

In which of the following situations does the individual likely have cataracts? A. the client needs glasses only for near-vision reading B. the client experiences loss of central vision and has to turn from side to side to see an item directly in front of him C. the client's vision is blurred and she has trouble seeing things distinctly D. the client has difficulty seeing at night, often seeing "stars" around bright lights

C. the client's vision is blurred and she has trouble seeing things distinctly

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the following objective? "When given a choice of three activities, the client will verbalize his favorite leisure activity to participate with friends." A. the condition is missing B. the behavior is missing C. the criterion is missing D. the objective is complete as is

C. the criterion is missing

A treatment plan should be entered into the medical chart after A. seeing the patient once B. conferring with the physician C. the patient/legal guardian has agreed to the treatment plan D. the patient has been in the hospital for a week

C. the patient/legal guardian has agreed to the treatment plan

Which of the following may be an effect of having a spinal cord injury on a person's leisure lifestyle? A. the person will have ill health and not be physically active B. the person's range of leisure options will be larger than average C. the person's range of activities may be limited by physical accessibility D. the person will be able to maximize choice and be self-determined

C. the person's range of activities may be limited by physical accessibility

Which statement best describes an outcome of completing activity analysis? A. activities are referenced according to their difficulty B. the amount of time necessary for the client to acquire the skill is determined C. the skills necessary to perform the activity are identified D. the types of adaptations needed by clients are determined

C. the skills necessary to perform the activity are identified

Reimbursement for TR services is dependent on all of the following EXCEPT A. insurance contracts B. local managed care agreements C. the square footage of the activity area D.documentation of client outcomes

C. the square footage of the activity area

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about the majority of individuals with intellectual disability? A. they are more easily suggestible than individuals with higher intelligence B. they are more passive in their thoughts than individuals with higher intelligence C. they are more judgmental than individuals with higher intelligence D. they are more concrete in their thinking than individuals with higher intelligence

C. they are more judgmental than individuals with higher intelligence

Which of the following is a FALSE statement about the disadvantages of unstructured interviews? A. individual CTRS in the department may not use the same questions B. there is too much room for interpretation that limits reliability C. they increase reliability at the expense of validity D. they are too difficult to score consistently

C. they increase reliability at the expense of validity

The CTRS asked clients who had recently experienced strokes to identify their highest priorities, set goals, and develop an action plan for their leisure. The technique is called A. goal orientation B. self-actualization C. time management D. remotivation

C. time management

In a facility that adopts the Health Protection/Health Promotion model, what is the primary purpose of the intervention? A. to provide therapist-directed experiences with clients B. to motivate clients to function independently in the community C. to promote behaviors that enable clients to move toward mastery of their own health D. to enhance leisure decision-making so clients develop self and leisure awareness

C. to promote behaviors that enable clients to move toward mastery of their own health

The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) provides which of the following for eligible employees? A. payment for adoption services for foreign-born child(ren) B. payment for funeral expenses for family members C. unpaid, job-protected leave for specified family and medical reasons D. six weeks of paid vacation per year

C. unpaid, job-protected leave for specified family and medical reasons

One mistake in assessment many CTRSs make is to A. improve the reliability of their assessment instrument B. use the results of the assessment to place clients into programs C. use an assessment that was intended for a different purpose D. interview clients asking the questions in the same way every time

C. use of assessment that was intended for a different purpose

The CTRS is working with a group of chemically dependent teenagers. The goal of the program is "to gain an understanding of the importance of leisure". The CTRS decides to use an activity called "Twenty Things I Love To Do." This is an example of A. reality therapy B. assertiveness C. values clarification D. bibliotherapy

C. values clarification

The "saggital plane" divides the human body A. with a horizontal line through the abdomen B. from front to back C. with a vertical line (left from right) D. into four equal sections

C. with a vertical line (left from right)

The first major textbooks with the term "therapeutic recreation" in the titles were published in the: A. 1890s B. 1910s C. 1940s D. 1970s

D. 1970s

The most recent and most preferred national standards for accessibility are contained within the A. Joint Commission (JCAHO) standards manuals B. Accessibility Guidelines for America C. Department of the Interior's park and natural areas guidelines D. Americans with Disabilities Act

D. Americans with Disabilities Act

A CTRS is interested in determining behaviors that relate to a person's ability to successfully integrate into society using his/her social interaction skills. From the following options, the CTRS should choose which assessment? A. Leisure Diagnostic Battery (LDB) B. Leisurescope C. BANDI-RT D. Comprehensive Evaluation in Recreational Therapy Scale (CERT) - Psych

D. CERT- Psyc

Which part of the SOAP progress note is the following statement, "Schedule pt. for social interaction program"? A. S-Subjective B. O-Objective C. A-Assessment D. P-Plan

D. P-Plan

According to the Transtheoretical Model, if the client has been walking three miles every other day in order to increase his physical activity levels, he is at what stage of behavior change? A. precontemplation B. contemplation C. preparation D. action

D. action

Facilities that provide adult day care, assisted living, behavioral health, and employment and community services are MOST LIKELY to seek accreditation from A. Joint Commission (JCAHO) B. National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) C. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) D. Rehabilitation Accreditation Commission (CARF)

D. Rehabilitation Accreditation Commission (CARF)

Given the goal statement below, which of the following is the most appropriate TR program? "Goal: To teach clients skills in negotiating physical environmental barriers" A. Friday night bingo club B. big brother/big sister program C. leisure awareness discussion group D. Wednesday night community re-integration trip to local mall

D. Wednesday night community re-integration trip to local mall

The term "muscular strength" refers to A. repeated submaximal effort B. the range of motion within a joint C. the ability to change direction without losing balance D. a single maximum effort

D. a single maximum effort

One of the most common conditions associated with myasthenia gravis is A. gout B. high blood sugar C. muscle contractures in elbows and knees D. drooping eyelids

D. drooping eyelids

The CTRS might use each of the following o assess leisure interest of a client EXCEPT A. administering an activity interest inventory to the client B. interviewing the client regarding her leisure interests C. interviewing the family and/or significant others regarding the client's leisure interests D. administering the Functional Independence Measure (FIM)

D. administering the Functional Independence Measure (FIM)

A "good" progress note allows for A. consideration of physical, social, intellectual, and emotional aspects B. demonstration of a clear relationship between goals, objectives, and plan of action C. a information update from the assessment and treatment plan D. all of the above

D. all of the above

In a leisure awareness session, the CTRS asked the client, "What skills and abilities contribute to your ability to have fun?" The CTRS's questions is at what level of Bloom's Cognitive Taxonomy? A. knowledge B. comprehension C. application D. analysis

D. analysis

Which of the following is NOT an example of inclusive recreation programming? A. community reintegration programs for outpatients B. leisure skills instruction for independent participation C. ensuring universal design in leisure facilities and programs D. anger management training for inpatients with substance addictions

D. anger management training for inpatients with substance addictions

How often must an individual's Individualized Education Program be updated according to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004? A. weekly B. quarterly C. semi-annually D. annually

D. annually

The CTRS places a client in a team sport to introduce cognitive challenges. What higher level intellectual requirement is needed to be successful in a team sport like soccer? A. memorization of rules B. coordination of body parts C. concentration D. application of strategies

D. application of strategies

Which of the following would be typical topics for specific program evaluation questions? A. content of the assessment and content of the program B. seasonal program offerings and timing of events C. validity and reliability of the specific program evaluation questions D. appropriateness of program content and process for clients who participated

D. appropriateness of program content and process for clients who participated

The TR specialist who knows about personal choice, self-efficacy, and personal causation would do the following while facilitating programs for clients? A. call the community facility to make arrangements and pay for tickets B. post a calendar with the month's events listed on a weekly basis C. help participants finish their projects before leaving the activity room D. ask participants to help plan the next week's activity session

D. ask participants to help plan the next week's activity session

Inclusive recreation means that individuals with disabilities A. attend segregated services before attending other programs B. are mixed with individuals with dissimilar disabilities C. are denied access to community programs because special programs are created D. attend recreation programs of choice and have equal and joint participation

D. attend recreation programs of choice and have equal and joint participation

Given the goal statement below, which of the following is the most appropriate TR program? "Goal: to increase clients' dyad cooperation skills." A. volleyball instruction clinic B. backgammon tournament C. leisure resource information exchange group D. ballroom dancing instruction

D. ballroom dancing instruction

A person who has a hearing capacity of less than 120 decibels (db) is considered to A. have normal hearing B. be slightly hearing impaired C. be moderately hearing impaired D. be deaf

D. be deaf

Individuals with intellectual disability may have an unrealistic view of "self" for all of the following reasons EXCEPT A. lack of exposure to peer groups B. parents may be overprotective C. difficulty in exploring and testing their own limits D. biological changes in the brain

D. biological changes in the brain

In the U.S, which of the following is among the most participated in? A. basketball B. swimming C. inline skating D. bowling

D. bowling

Which of the following is the BEST method of reducing the likelihood of decubitus ulcers? A. drinking plenty of fluids B. using stool softeners C. yoga and other stretching exercises D. change in positioning

D. change in positioning

A client in a substance abuse program, states, "I am looking forward to going home but I worry if I can maintain my sobriety." He is expressing emotions at what level of the Krathwohl's Affective Taxonomy? A. responding B. valuing C. organization D. characterization

D. characterization

The CTRS will most likely work with which of the following disciplines to provide medical play to hospitalized children? A. physical therapy B. occupational therapy C. nursing D. child life

D. child life

Which of the following is a TRUE statement about evidence-based practice? A. it has been practiced by TR specialists since the early 1990s B. it decreases accountability for services provided C. the specialist depends on theory-based programming and systems design D. client outcomes are more likely to be achieved when best practices are used

D. client outcomes are more likely to be achieved when best practices are used

Which of the following are typical parts of a diagnostic protocol? A. assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation B. subjective, objective, analysis, planning C. comprehensive program descriptions and specific program descriptions D. client problems, assessment criteria, process criteria, and outcomes criteria

D. client problems, assessment criteria, process criteria, and outcomes criteria

For which group of clients is recreation participation programs most suited? A. clients who need to improve physical well-being and health B. clients who need to develop new leisure time skills C. clients who need to develop functional skills D. clients who need to practice interaction skills in supervised situations

D. clients who need to practice interaction skills in supervised situation

In implementing a leisure education program for four year old children, the CTRS becomes aware that the planned activity requires abstract thought, which the clients are not capable of. The CTRS inadequately analyzed the _____ requirements of the activity for the given population. A. social B. emotional C. physical D. cognitive

D. cognitive

While teaching adolescents with mild intellectual disability the card game if "Pinochle", the CTRS found that the rules were too complicated for the clients to be successful. The CTRS had inappropriately analyzed and planned the activity in which of the following domains? A. physical B. social C. emotional D. cognitive

D. cognitive

The CTRS sends in forms reporting participation in continuing education activities to NCTRC every five years. The CTRS is adhering to which principle of the ATRA Code of Ethics? A. confidentiality and privacy B. justice C. veracity D. competence

D. competence

The CTRS works with an educator from a local university to research the impact of exercise on substance abuse patients in an outpatient recovery program. The CTRS is adhering to which principle of the ATRA Code of Ethics? A. confidentiality and privacy B. justice C. veracity D. competence

D. competence

Which of the following recreation activities is the best treatment modality for improving social skills? A. bingo with prizes B. aquatic therapy C. yoga instruction D. cooperative games

D. cooperative games

Understanding facial expressions, customs, appropriate dress and the like are important considerations for improving a CTRS's A. performance reviews B. scope of practice C. clinical supervision D. cultural competence

D. cultural competence

The CTRS on a physical medicine and rehabilitation unit plans on providing a clinic on adapted tennis. Which of the following would NOT be a consideration for modification? A. available facilities B. necessary equipment and materials needed C. number of qualified staff D. decision-making skills

D. decision-making skills

During a leisure education discussion group, the client sits slumped in his chair with his arms folded and legs crossed. Using non-verbal communication cues, the CTRS assumes that the client is A. actively engaged in the activity B. becoming overtly aggressive to other patients/clients C. disinterested and unengaged in the activity D. demonstrating a "closed" position to further communication

D. demonstrating a "closed" position to further communication

A CTRS is working with a group of adolescents who have mild intellectual disabilities and hopes to improve their interactions with each other. She has decided to use positive reinforcement for each good interaction that occurs with the group. The first thing the CTRS should do is A. determine how often the target behavior currently occurs B. determine what is a reinforcer C. reward each client whenever a good interaction occurs D. describe the target behavior

D. describe the target behavior

In 1983, a cost-cutting Medicare hospital payment system was initiated that included A. a retrospective payment system B. direct reimbursement for TR services C. the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) D. diagnostic-related groups (DRGs)

D. diagnostic-related groups (DRGs)

Which of the following questions would NOT be appropriate when documenting a client's participation in a TR program? A. did the client attend voluntarily? B. did the client merely observe the activity? C. was the client actively participating in the session? D. did the client attend all therapies on Tuesday?

D. did the client attend all therapies on Tuesday?

Focus charting is used when the treatment team wants to A. show similarities and differences between clients B. use a critical care map of client progress C. follow the diagnostic protocol D. emphasize an event, behavior, or circumstance in clients' records

D. emphasize an event, behavior, or circumstance in clients' records

Which of the following may be used as a technique to motivate employees on a long-term basis? A. make them boss for the day B. ask them to do more with fewer resources C. encourage their donations to the agency's charity fund D. encourage cross training into new areas of job responsibility

D. encourage cross training into new areas of job responsibility

Mental illness may be considered any disorder that A. is congenital and transient B. results from lower intellectual capacity and lower adaptive behavior C. results in abnormal behavior that can be seen as bizarre, unusual, and irritating D. exhibits alteration of thought, mood or behavior so that the individual has difficulty meeting daily living requirements

D. exhibits alteration of thought, mood or behavior so that the individual has difficulty meeting daily living requirements

Most video games use which of the following social interaction patterns? A. intragroup B. multilateral C. interindividual D. extraindividual

D. extraindividual

Which social interaction pattern focuses on action with an object in the environment, requiring no contact with another person? A. intragroup B. multilateral C. interindividual D. extraindividual

D. extraindividual

Which of the following is typical behavior experienced during a manic episode for someone who has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder? A. ability to focus for long periods of time B. increased need for sleep and rest C. decreased sexual drive D. extreme irritability

D. extreme irratibility

The CTRS wrote the following note in a client's chart. Which of the following documentation principles was violated? "Mrs. Sullivan appeared to be lethargic and depressed." A. add adequate descriptions to explain motivations B. be consistent and explain exceptional behavior C. observe behavior, then write it down D. focus on client behavior, rather than interpretations of behavior

D. focus on client behavior, rather than interpretations of behavior

The symptoms of anorexia nervosa are A. refusal to eat, loss of hair, and frequent vomiting B. binge eating, depression, and weighing constantly C. secretive behavior, hyperactivity, and depression D. growth of fine body hair and loss of 25 percent body weight

D. growth of fine body hair and loss of 25 percent body weight

If a client receives treatment and was not informed of risks involved and the treatment results in some unwanted side effect or injury, then the client can bring a lawsuit against the CTRS. The CTRS could be found A. guilty of negligence B. having a breach of confidentiality C. to be harmful to all D. guilty of malfeasance

D. guilty of malfeasance

Spina bifida is a condition in which the spinal column A. was injured by traumatic force B. is injure posthumously C. collapses upon itself D. has failed to develop completely

D. has failed to develop completely

Because of efforts to reduce the amount of time individuals spend in in-patient acute care, they are often moved more quickly to A. group homes B. halfway houses C. rehabilitation units or hospitals D. health clinics

D. health clinics

Which of the following is a question that addresses content validity? A. how accurately does current content reflect future content? B. how closely related are items on a single assessment? C. how consistent are scores over different parts of the assessment? D. how adequately does the sample of assessment items represent the totality of the content to be measured?

D. how adequately does the sample of assessment items represent the totality of the content to be measured?

In the Therapeutic Recreation Outcome Model, the purpose of TR is to A. provide diversional leisure activities for enjoyment and entertainment B. plan and implement community inclusion services under the ADA C. improve the client's leisure lifestyle D. improve the client's quality of life by increasing functional capacity and health status

D. improve the client's quality of life by increasing functional capacity and health status

All of the following are important ways to ensure that the assessment results translates into the right program placement to work on a client's identified problems, EXCEPT A. use an assessment that produces reliable scores for the intended population B. train all CTRSs and interns on the correct use of the assessment C. document a standardized protocol for the administration, scoring, and interpretation of the assessment D. improve the construct validity of the assessment instrument

D. improve the construct validity of the assessment instrument

The purpose of quality improvement activities is to A. gather client input into the improvement of programs B. increase communication with other members of the treatment team C. increase documentation of TR services D. improve the effectiveness of client services

D. improve the effectiveness of client services

The client, a 13-year-old boy, has been diagnosed with autism. The CTRS should be aware of which of the following possible effects of autism on leisure activity participation? A. reduced tolerance for heat B. inability to stay awake during activities C. strong need for multiple play partners D. inability to communicate preferences

D. inability to communicate preferences

For individuals with disabilities from preschool to the age of 21, a transition plan for services must be in place while they are in school, as required by what piece of federal legislation? A. rehabilitation act of 1978 B. americans with disabilities act of 1978 C. new freedom initiative of 2000 D. individuals with disabilities education act of 2004

D. individuals with disabilities education act of 2004

Patients have the right to have the treatment plan explained to them. According to the ATRA Code of Ethics, this principle is called? A. confidentiality and privacy B. justice C. veracity D. informed consent

D. informed consent

Which method of behavioral observation and recording is the CTRS using when she checks the activity room at 9:00, 11:00, 1:00, and 3:00 to see how many patients are watching television? A. frequency or tally B. duration C. interval D. instantaneous time sampling

D. instantaneous time sampling

The condition called Phenylketonuria is associated with A. schizophrenia B. cerebral vascular accident C. barbiturate addiction D. intellectual disability

D. intellectual disability

Which of the following terms means that medication has been delivered directly to the spinal column? A. intravenously B. intramuscularly C. subcutaneously D. intrathecally

D. intrathecally

Chronic pain has been characterized as pain that A. results from surgical or medical procedures B. cannot be reduced with medications C. cannot be reduced through meditation D. is prolonged and persistent

D. is prolonged and persistent

A typical secondary condition to osteoarthritis is A. anxiety B. decubitus ulcers C. obesity D. joint pain

D. joint pain

Which of the following is an example of an interpersonal constraint to leisure participation? A. lack of self-determination of the individual B. lack of interest in the activities being offered C. lack of transportation to recreation facilities and programs D. lack of leisure partners

D. lack of leisure partners

Which of the following is the most difficult interpersonal constraint for a CTRS to overcome? A. lack of free activities in the community B. lack of accessible facilities C. lack of participant skill D. lack of participant interest

D. lack of participant interest

Which one of the four categories of child development does the skill "asks why" belong? A. personal/social B. adaptive/fine motor behavior C. motor behavior D. language

D. language

Which of the following statements about leisure's impact on coping with stressful life events is TRUE? A. leisure activities often intensify the harmful effects of negative life events B. leisure activities often have the effect of eliminating optimism and hope about the future C. leisure activities often disrupt one's ability to cope with stress D. leisure activities may be used following negative life events to attain new goals

D. leisure activities may be used following negative life events to attain new goals

From assessment results, the CTRS determines that the client has a lack of knowledge of community leisure facilities and programs, and is unaware of other people who participate in her leisure interests. Which of the following TR programs would be the MOST appropriate for this client? A. leisure planning B. social skills training C. leisure values and attitudes D. leisure resources

D. leisure resources

Teenscope is a useful assessment to place adolescent clients into which types of TR programs? A. treatment B. social skills C. leisure resources D. leisure skills

D. leisure skills

Which of the following are NOT minimal expectations of all TR specialists? A. read professional journals, attend professional conferences, and network B. retain professional certification and join appropriate professional organizations C. study external accreditation documents and professional standards D. maintain professional knowledge as it was at graduation

D. maintain professional knowledge as it was at graduation

Which statement describes the purpose of evidence-based practice? A. method of designing critical pathways B. process to control medical bill through reduction of services C. means of conduction near-patient research D. method to enhance client care through application of research results

D. method to enhance client care through application of research results

Where is the latissimus dorsi muscle located in the human body? A. leg B. neck C. abdomen D. mid-back

D. mid-back

In medical terminology, MVA means A. more ventricular reaction B. military vehicle accident C. major ventricular arteries D. motor vehicle accident

D. motor vehicle accident

Which of the following provides example behaviors from an individual with oppositional defiant behavior? A. extreme levels of hyperactivity and distractibility B. interruptive social behaviors that are more apparent to others than the individual C. behaviors that violate the rights of others and major age-appropriate societal norms D. negative, hostile behaviors toward others

D. negative, hostile behaviors toward others

In medical terminology, NKDA means A. no known diagnostic algorithms B. sodium phosphate C. above knee amputation D. no known drug allergies

D. no known drug allergies

In this excerpt of a client's treatment plan, which of the following, if any, was MOST likely identified as the client's problems? 1. "Enroll pt. in Leisure Planning class Tuesdays and Thursdays. Focus on taking responsibility and decision-making. 2. Enroll pt. in Social Singles Club weekly. Focus on initiating and maintaining conversations with peers." A. a lack of knowledge of leisure resources and lack of social partners B. a lack of conversational abilities and decreased concentration skills C. a lack of repertoire of activity skills and inability to identify leisure value system D. none of the above

D. none of the above

The MDS 3.0 is an assessment completed for individuals in which type of setting? A. correctional institutions B. adult day care centers C. outpatient rehabilitation programs D. nursing homes

D. nursing homes

Visual deficits are the result of injury to what portion of the human brain? A. brainstem A. cerebellum C. frontal lobe D. occipital lobe

D. occipital lobe

The CTRS wants to apply the principles of Arousal, Novelty, and Diversity in her plan for a leisure skills instruction program. Which of the following is she most likely to incorporate? A. relating the content to the participants' lives B. fading prompts as participants gain skills C. allowing time for repetition and practice D. offering a variety of activities and materials within the program

D. offering a variety of activities and materials within the program

A CTRS is looking for program ideas for adolescent chemical abusers. The BEST resource for the CTRS is A. the Therapeutic Recreation Journal B. state recreation conferences C. chemical dependence conference D. other therapeutic recreation professionals who work in chemical dependency

D. other TR professionals who work in chemical dependency

According to the National Institutes of Health, which condition occurs more frequently than diabetes, heart disease, and cancer combined? A. macular degeneration B. osteoarthritis C. brain concussions D. pain

D. pain

The overall content covered by the Leisure Diagnostic Battery (LDB) includes A. leisure participation history B. leisure interests C. attitudes toward leisure and work D. perceived freedom in leisure

D. perceived freedom in leisure

Which of the following is NOT a requirement of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 and later rules? A. give patients notice about how their health information will be used B. make a good faith effort to ensure patients understand their rights C. obtain written authorization from the patient for purposes other than treatment, payment, or operations D. perform research on evidence-based and best practice health care

D. perform research on evidence-based and best practice health care

Children with visual or hearing impairments are often found to have significantly reduced _____ in comparison with their seeing or hearing peers. A. intelligence B. parental supervision C. academic achievement D. physical fitness

D. physical fitness

In which of the following steps does the CTRS collect feedback for the improvement of future programs? A. assessment B. program planning C. program implementation D. program evaluation

D. program evaluation

In which of the following steps does the CTRS gather data for service quality improvement? A. assessment B. program planning C. program implementation D. program evaluation

D. program evaluation

The purpose of the conjunctiva in the human eye is to A. provide color to the iris B. sense and react to light C. refract light as it enters the eye D. protect the eye from irritants

D. protect the eye from irritants

Which of the following is NOT a principle of activity selection to address client outcomes? A. activities must have a direct relationship to the client goal B. consider the types of activities in which people will engage when they have choice C. program to the client's outcomes and priorities D. provide large group entertainment activities as often as possible

D. provide large group entertainment activities as often as possible

When choosing an assessment instrument, the CTRS first needs to determine the instrument's A. reliability B. validity C. stability D. purpose

D. purpose

The CTRS says to the client, "Let's stay in the present and take responsibility for your actions." This specialist is using which type of "therapy" approach? A. gestalt therapy B. rational-emotive therapy C. cognitive therapy D. reality therapy

D. reality therapy

Substance addictions are likely to affect a person's leisure lifestyle in which of the following ways? A. improved social relationships with friends and family B. reduced need for coping and anger management skills C. improved energy and intrinsically motivated leisure involvement D. reduced enjoyment from non-addiction activities

D. reduced enjoyment from non-addiction activities

The CTRS knew that by adhering to the assessment protocol she was A. decreasing the content validity of the assessment results B. increase the likelihood of false positives C. matching the content of the assessment with the content of the program D. reducing error and increasing confidence in the assessment results

D. reducing error and increasing confidence in the assessment results

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Service (CMS) is the governmental agency responsible for A. building collaborative initiatives between private and public hospitals B. ensuring that patients within these programs pay their bills in a timely manner C. reporting medical errors to the American Medical Association D. regulatory review of hospitals that bill for federally insured recipients

D. regulatory review of hospitals that bill for federally insured recipients

The CTRS was interviewing the client and said, "I'm not sure what you mean by that. Can you explain it to me?" The CTRS was using which of the following communication techniques? A. teach back B. summarization of feeling C. confrontation D. request for clarification

D. request for clarification

The first step in the assessment implementation process is for the CTRS to A. interpret results for client placement into programs B. analyze or score the assessment results C. administer the assessment to the client D. review the assessment protocol

D. review the assessment protocol

After each out-trip the CTRS is required to perform an 11-point checklist on the van. What is the purpose of this task? A. vehicle registration inspection B. quality improvement C. vehicle evaluation D. risk management

D. risk management

The CTRS checks each piece of recreation equipment each week during a routine maintenance and safety check. The CTRS is involved in what kind of action? A. client management B. quality achievement C. environmental assessment D. risk management

D. risk management

The major components of the Optimizing Lifelong Health through TR service delivery model are A. diagnosis/assessment, treatment, education, and prevention/health promotion B. functional intervention, leisure education, and recreation participation C. prescriptive activities, recreation, and leisure D. selecting, optimizing, compensating, and evaluating

D. selecting, optimizing, compensating, and evaluating

Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding pain? A. pain medications cause addictions B. young children do not experience pain C. if a child can be distracted, he is not in pain D. slightly less than half of hospitalized children experience pain

D. slightly less than half of hospitalized children experience pain

In which of the four domains does the following statement fall under? "To ask for assistance when needed." A. cognitive B. affective C. physical D. social

D. social

In which of the four domains does the statement below fall under? "To wait to interrupt until appropriate conversational opportunity occurs" A. cognitive B. affective C. physical D. social

D. social

On an activity analysis form, the item about interaction patterns (such as uni-lateral, intra-individual, etc.) would best fit under the component of: A. physical B. mental C. emotional D. social

D. social

When an agency has decided to use the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), the CTRS may be called upon to assess which of the following sections? A. self-care B. mobility C. home skills D. social/cognition

D. social/cognition

All of the following must be protected under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) 1996 and its updates EXCEPT A. individually identifiable demographic information B. the individual's past, present, or future physical or mental health or condition C. the provision of health care to the individual D. some employment records for some groups of individuals

D. some employment records for some groups of individuals

The Functional Assessment of Characteristics for TR - Revised (FACTR-R) makes which of the following assumptions about physical functional abilities such as vision, hearing, ambulation, and bowel/bladder control? A. individuals with severe impairments in these areas may not be appropriate for TR services B. TR specialists should not be measuring these areas C. functional abilities are prerequisite to leisure decision-making skills D. some functional abilities are not amenable to improvement, but are important considerations for TR programming

D. some functional abilities are not amenable to improvement, but are important considerations for TR programming

Which of the following sets of standards was established by the field of TR to address the quality of service delivery? A. accreditation standards B. certification standards C. education standards D. standards of practice

D. standards of practice

Which set of standards governs the delivery of programs and services in the profession regardless of setting or population? A. critical pathways B. code of ethics C. plan of operations D. standards of practice

D. standards of practice

An individual who has a panic disorder experiences A. maladaptive behaviors in response to social situations B. persistent, abnormally intense fears C. "free floating" anxiety which tends to pervade all areas of life D. sudden, periodic attacks of intense anxiety

D. sudden, periodic attacks of intense anxiety

The ATRA Standards of Practice says that quality client assessment is characterized by A. data, action, and response B. leisure interests, health and well-being, and future intentions C. functional abilities that impact leisure involvement D. systematic collection of comprehensive and accurate data to design an individualized treatment plan

D. systematic collection of comprehensive and accurate data to design an individualized treatment plan

If the client does not understand the language used on the assessment or becomes fatigued, what is likely to happen? A. the TR specialist will gain insight into the sitting tolerance of the client B. the therapist still will be able to use the assessments from other disciplines to build a treatment plan C. nothing, most TR specialists do not use assessment scores anyway D. the assessment score will not be reflective of the person's skills, attitudes, and knowledge

D. the assessment score will not be reflective of the person's skills, attitudes, and knowledge

Which of the following examples typify the theory of self-efficacy? A. the client believes he is efficient in most leisure activities B. the client believes her life would change completely if she could live by herself C. the client hates to lose so tried extremely hard to excel so he can win D. the client believes he can master kayaking since he excels at canoeing

D. the client believes he can master kayaking since he excels at canoeing

Which of the following is an example of "objective" data that may be recorded in a progress note? A. the client stated, "I really got a lot out of this program!: B. the client's family said that the client was progressing with the outpatient therapy C. it appears the client is depressed D. the client goes to his room immediately following all sessions

D. the client goes to his room immediately following all sessions

Which of the following is NOT part of the NCTRC fieldwork requirements (academic path)? A. the on-site fieldwork supervisor must be a CTRS at the beginning of the internship B. the university supervisor must be a CTRS C.a 14-week fieldwork requirement must be completed D. the fieldwork placement must be completed at two different agencies (clinical and community)

D. the fieldwork placement must be completed at two different agencies (clinical and community)

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the following objective? "After completion of the Social Skills Program, the client will introduce herself to one other peer, using the five-step procedure as instructed." A. the condition is missing B. the behavior is missing C. the criterion is missing D. the objective is complete as is

D. the objective is complete as is

High-quality patient documentation focuses on "behavioral language". Which of the following is NOT an example of a behavioral statement? A. the client was 15 minutes late to the TR program B. the client stated that she was bored during the social skills program C. the patient verbalized her appreciation for TR services D. the patient appeared distraught and upset

D. the patient appeared distraught and upset

When intervention sessions are planned, what are the primary factors to consider? A. the time constraints of the therapists and support staff B. the number of clients served on the unit and space available C. the case load and grand rounds of the physician on staff D. the patient's needs and nature of the program

D. the patient's needs and nature of the program

Which of the following is a FALSE statement about implementing TR programs for clients? A. the CTRS should know several different facilitation techniques in order to select the most appropriate one for a particular group B. the facilitation technique selected by the specialist depends upon the abilities, limitations and needs of the clients C. each client will vary in the amount he/she may benefit from a particular type of facilitation technique D. there is no research to support the use of facilitation techniques in TR

D. there is no research to support the use of facilitation techniques in TR

The client received burns in a house fire that affected all three layers of skin as well as muscle tissue. She does not feel pain as the nerve fibers and pain receptors have been destroyed. The client's burns are classified as A. intensive B. first-degree C. second-degree D. third-degree

D. third-degree

In the Leisure Ability Model, which of the following would be considered an appropriate goal under leisure resources? A. to improve taking personal responsibility for leisure B. to gain an understanding of the effects of disability or illness on leisure behavior C. to provide leisure opportunities that allows the client freedom to voluntarily participate D. to locate a low-cost fitness activity in the community

D. to locate a low-cost fitness activity in the community

The State Technical Institute's Leisure Assessment Process (STILAP) assessment differs from other activity inventories or leisure interest scales because it A. focuses on physical activities such as sports and large group games B. assesses barriers to community integration C. looks at the entire community environment to which the client is to return D. translates activity skills into leisure competencies

D. translates activity skills into leisure competencies

Society generally devalues individuals with disabilities, reinforcing negative attitudes by doing all of the following EXCEPT A. using offensive terminology with regard to people with disabilities B. treating them as helpless and victimized C. labeling them as social burdens D. treating them as equals

D. treating them as equals

A __________ is a document kept within a client's medical record that specifies the actions to be taken on the behalf of and by he client in order to reach his goals. A. critical pathway B. written plan of operation C. protocol D. treatment plan

D. treatment plan

Interventions targeted for a specific client are described in a A. clinical or critical pathway B. written plan of operation C. treatment protocol D. treatment plan

D. treatment plan

The CTRS should use which of the following activities to improve the dynamic balance of youth with hearing impairments? A. standing on one foot, with arms outstretched B. leisure education C running D. tumbling

D. tumbling

Which of the following is NOT a rule for activity modifications? A. keep the activity and action as close as possible to the original or traditional activity as possible B. modify only aspects of the activity that need adapting C. individualize the modifications D. use assistive technology wherever possible to ease the physical requirements of the activity

D. use assistive technology wherever possible to ease the physical requirements of the activity

The CTRS runs a community-based disability management program for individuals diagnosed with diabetes. Which of the following is NOT a programming consideration for these individuals? A. monitor blood glucose before and after exercise B. teach participants about diet and nutrition C. teach participants about stress management D. use large print materials with high contrast lettering

D. use large print materials with high contrast lettering

Which of the following is NOT an example of a chronic health condition? A. heart disease B. diabetes mellitus C. high blood pressure D. vehicular accident

D. vehicular accident

Which of the following activities would not likely help a adolescent with an intellectual disability to improve concentration? A. watching television B. plant care C. crossword puzzle D. video game

D. video game