Culinary Arts Chapter 12: Fruits
Lime
a small citrus fruit that can range in color from dark green to yellow-green
Pear
a bell-shaped pome with a thin peel and sweet flesh; thousands of different types
Persimmon
a bright-orange tropical fruit that grows on trees and is similar in shape to a tomato
Strawberry
a bright-red, heart-shaped berry covered with tiny black seeds
Pectin
a chemical present in all fruits that acts as a thickening agent when it is cooked in the presence of sugar and an acid
Aggregate Fruit
a cluster of very tiny fruits
Meyer Lemon
a cross between a lemon and an orange; round with smooth dark-yellow peel; yellow-orange flesh; sweeter, more floral zest
Boysenberry
a deep-maroon, hybrid berry made by crossbreeding a raspberry, blackberry, and loganberry; similar in size and shape to blackberries
Apricot
a drupe that has a pale orange-yellow skin with fine downy texture and a sweet aromatic flesh
Coconut
a drupe with white meat housed in a hard, fibrous brown husk
Comice Pear
a fairly large pear with a rotund body and a very short, well-defined neck; often green-yellow with red blush; available September-May
Canary Melon
a fairly large, canary yellow melon with smooth rind that is slightly waxy when ripe; available June to September
Pome
a fleshy fruit that contains a core of seeds and has an edible skin; thin skin, grow on trees or bushes, excellent source of antioxidants and dietary fiber
Variety Fruit
a fruit that is the result of breeding two or more fruits of the same species that have different characteristics
Hybrid Fruit
a fruit that is the result of crossbreeding two or more fruits of different species to obtain a completely new fruit
Quince
a hard yellow pome that grows in warm climates; not eaten raw due to bitter taste
Apple
a hard, round pome that can range in flavor from sweet to tart and in color from pale yellow to dark red; more than 7500 cultivated varieties; available year-round but peak between late August and early November
Tangelo
a hybrid of tangerine and grapefruit
Tangor
a hybrid of tangerine and sweet orange
Bartlett Pear
a large, golden pear with a bell shape; creamy juicy flesh, musky flavor and aroma
Santa Claus Melon
a large, mottled yellow and green variety of muskmelon that has a slightly waxy skin and soft stem end when ripe
Crenshaw Melon
a large, pear-shaped melon with a yellow-green, slightly ribbed rind and an orange or salmon-colored flesh; peak late summer
Honeydew Melon
a melon with a smooth outer rind that changes from pale-green to creamy-yellow as it ripens; mild, sweet flavor; available year-round peak from June to October
Papaya
a pear or cylinder-shaped tropical fruit weighing 1-2 pounds with flesh that ranges from orange to red-yellow; center cavity filled with numerous edible seeds that resemble peppercorns
Bosc Pear
a pear with a gourd-like shape and brown-colored to bronze-colored peel; winter pears
Prickly Pear
a pear-shaped tropical fruit with protruding prickly fibers that is a member of the cactus family; thick coarse outer skin that can be green, yellow, orange, red, or deep purple; flesh is sweet and juicy with sweet crisp edible seeds
Date
a plump, juicy, meaty drupe that grows on a date palm tree; high in dietary fiber, carbohydrates, and more potassium than bananas
Anjou Pear
a plump, lopsided pear that is green in color
Loganberry
a red-purple hybrid berry made by crossbreeding a raspberry and a blackberry; similar in shape and size to blackberries but redder in color
Grapefruit
a round citrus fruit with thick, yellow outer rind and tart flesh
Orange
a round, orange-colored citrus fruit
Muskmelon
a round, orange-fleshed melon with a beige or brown, netted rind, inside flesh can range from salmon to orange-yellow
Mangosteen
a round, sweet and juicy exotic fruit about the size of an orange with a hard, thick, dark-purple rind that is inedible
Concord Grape
a seeded grape with a deep black color; sometimes called slipskin grape
Thompson Grape
a seedless grape that is pale to light green in color; available year-round but peak from June-November; dried version called sultana
Red Flame Grape
a seedless grape that ranges from a light purple-red color to a dark-purple color; typically sweeter and crisper
Raspberry
a slightly tart, red fruit that grows in clusters; velvety soft texture
Tangerine
a small citrus fruit with slightly red-orange peel that can be easily removed without a knife; hybrid of mandarin and bitter variety of orange
Seckel Pear
a small pear that is sometimes called a honey pear or sugar pear because of its syrupy, fine-grained flesh and complex sweetness; mature in late summer and early fall
Currant
a small red, black, or golden-white berry that grows in grape-like clusters
Kiwifruit
a small, barrel shaped tropical fruit, approx 3 inches long, weighing between 2-4 oz; very thin, brown, fuzzy skin; bright green flesh, white core surrounded by hundreds of tiny black seeds
Blueberry
a small, dark-blue berry that grows on a shrub; peak season from mid-June to August
Olive
a small, green or black drupe that is grown for both the fruit and its oil; unripe are green
Mandarin
a small, intensely sweet citrus fruit that is closely related to the orange, but more fragrant
Passion Fruit
a small, oval-shaped exotic fruit that typically weighs 2-3 oz and has firm inedible skin that can be yellow or purple; as ripens, skin becomes thinner and wrinkles; orange-yellow or pink-green pulp is sweet and juicy with gelatin like texture and citrus flavor, edible small black seeds
Cranberry
a small, red, round berry that has a tart flavor, skin is white when young and turns a deep red when ripe
Satsuma
a small, seedless variety of mandarin
Cherry
a small, smooth-skinned drupe that grows in a cluster on a cherry tree; have a long, thin stem that holds them on the tree; ranges from bright red to deep red that is nearly black
Gooseberry
a smooth-skinned berry that can be green, golden, red, purple, or white and has many tiny seeds on the inside
Pineapple
a sweet, acidic tropical fruit with a prickly, pinecone-like exterior and juicy yellow flesh
Blackberry
a sweet, dark-purple to black, aggregate fruit that grows on a bramble bush; shiny outer layer and peak season in summer
Peach
a sweet, orange to yellow fruit with downy skin; flesh is juicy yet firm enough to hold its shape; skin is edible but not large oval pit inside
Nectarine
a sweet, slightly tart, orange to yellow drupe with firm, yellow flesh and large oval pit; result of a peach mutation
Casaba Melon
a teardrop shaped melon with a thick, bright-yellow, ridged rind and white flesh; do not have an aroma; peak late summer to early fall
Plantain
a tropical fruit close relative of banana, but larger and dark brown when ripening
Exotic Fruit
a type of fruit that comes from a hot, humid location but is not as readily available as a tropical fruit
Tropical Fruit
a type of fruit that comes from a hot, humid location but is readily available
Melon
a type of fruit that has a hard outer rind and a soft inner flesh that contains many seeds; hard outer rind can be netted, ribbed, or smooth in texture
Berry
a type of fruit that is small and has many tiny, edible seeds
Citrus Fruit
a type of fruit with a brightly colored, thich rind and pulpy, segmented flesh that grows on trees in warm climates; peel and pith both removed due to bitter taste
Key Lime
a variety of lime that is smaller, more acidic, and more strongly flavored than other limes
Banana
a yellow, elongated tropical fruit that grows in hanging bunches called hands
Avocado
aka alligator pear, pear-shaped fruit with a rough green skin and a large pit surrounded by yellow-green flesh; skin and pit inedible
Asian Pear
aka apple-pear, a round pear with the texture of an apple and yellow colored skin; peak late summer
Star Fruit
aka carambola, shaped like a star when cut perpendicular to the stem; thin, edible skin enclosing translucent flesh that is crisp and juicy; native to Asia; ripe when tips begin to turn brown
Kiwano
aka horned melon, exotic fruit with jagged peaks rising from the orange and red ringed rind native to Africa; flesh is lime green color with cucumber like seeds and tart refreshing kiwi cucumber flavor
Persian Melon
aka patelquat, green muskmelon with finely textured net on the rind
Drupe
aka stone fruit, a type of fruit that contains one hard seed or pit; grows on trees and shrubs, harvested before ripe
Ugli Fruit
aka uniq; large, teardrop shaped seedless citrus fruit; similar in size to grapefruit but sweeter; peel lumpy with large pores and ranges from green to orange when fully ripe; hybrid between grapefruit and tangerine
Jackfruit
an enormous, spiny, oval exotic fruit with yellow flesh that tastes like banana and has seeds that can be roasted or boiled and eaten; largest tree-borne fruit in the world
Lychee
an exotic drupe covered with a thin red, inedible shell and light-pink to white flesh that is refreshing, juicy, and sweet; contains an inedible seed
Breadfruit
an exotic fruit native to Polynesia with bumpy green skin and white starchy flesh; unripe flesh is cooked used like potato and flavor similar to fresh bread; as ripens, flesh is softer and slightly sweeter and can be filled with butter and brown sugar and roasted
Dragon Fruit
an exotic fruit of a cactus with an inedible pink skin, green scales, and white or red flesh speckled with small crunchy black seeds; flesh is mildly sweet and similar to kiwifruit in texture
Durian
an exotic fruit that contains several pods of sweet, yellow flesh and has a custard-like texture;strong unpleasant odor but very appealing taste
Ethylene Gas
an odorless gas that a fruit emits as it ripens
Cantaloupe
an orange-fleshed melon with rough, deeply grooved rind; grooves run lengthwise from the stem
Grape
an oval fruit that has a smooth skin and grows on woody vines in large clusters; most of the flavor comes from the skin; dried version called raisin
Mango
an oval or kidney-shaped drupe with orange to orange-yellow flesh; over 1000 varieties; large flat stone in center
Plum
an oval-shaped drupe that grows on trees in warm climates and comes in a variety of colors such as blue-purple, red, yellow, and green; more than 2000 varieties
Fruit-Vegetables
botanical fruits sold, prepared, and served like vegetables (tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplants, okra, edible bean and pea pods, sweet and hot peppers, summer and winter squashes, and pumpkins)
Rambutan
fragrant and sweet exotic fruit covered on the outside with soft, hair-like spikes;native to Malaysia, grows in clusters on an evergreen tree; flesh similar to lychee, surrounding a single inedible seed
Dried Fruit
fruit that has had most of the moisture removed either naturally or through use of a machine, such as a food dehydrator
Pomegranate
round bright red tropical fruit with a hard, thick outer skin; thick white membrane enclosing hundreds of red seeds that are the edible portion
Clementine
similar to tangerine, but rougher skin
Guava
small oval-shaped fruit with thin edible skin that can be yellow, red or green; flesh can be white, yellow or pink
Kumquat
small, golden, oval-shaped fruit with thin, sweet peel and tart center, eaten peel and all
Watermelon
sweet, extremely juicy melon that is round or oblong in shape with pink, red, or golden flesh and green skin; over 90% water
Lemon
tart yellow citrus fruit with high acidity levels
Zest
the colored, outermost layer of the peel of a citrus fruit that contains a high concentration of oil
Fruit
the edible, ripened ovary of a flowering plant that usually contains one or more seeds; high in water, dietary fiber, vitamins, fructose, and antioxidants
Supreme
the flesh from a segment of citrus fruit that has been cut away from the membrane
Irradiation
the process of exposing food to low doses of gamma rays to destroy deadly organisms such as E.Coli
Fig
the small pear-shaped fruit of the fig tree; over 150 varieties; tough and gritty texture due to massive amount of tiny seeds
Peel
the thick outer rind of a citrus fruit
Pith
the white layer just beneath the peel of a citrus fruit