Cultural Anthropology Chapter 7

In hegemonic societies, elite interests can count on permanent stability. Select one: (T/F)

False

In state societies, economic surplus is redistributed back to the population. Select one: (T/F)

False

Power is always accompanied by authority. Select one: (T/F)

False

The characteristic mode of exchange in chiefdom societies is balanced reciprocity. Select one: (T/F)

False

There is no violence in band societies. Select one: (T/F)

False

Although ethnicity does have cultural content, ethnic group identity is constructed. Select one: (T/F)

True

Anthropologists argue that warfare is more common in societies that promote male solidarity. Select one: (T/F)

True

Political organization within a society is a means of regulating behavior so that it is consistent with social order. Select one: (T/F)

True

Political organization, social differentiation, and social complexity sometimes intertwine within a society. Select one: (T/F)

True

Sources of power in a single society may be both consensual and coercive. Select one: (T/F)

True

Tribes are primarily found among which subsistence groups? a. Horticulturalists and pastoralists b. Pastoralists and foragers c. Foragers and horticulturalists d. Chiefdoms and agriculturalists e. Agriculturalists and horticulturalists

a. Horticulturalists and pastoralists

What is mana? a. Spiritual power in Polynesia b. Bread in Israel c. A social rank in Polynesia d. Compensation payment in Tahiti e. A form of mediation among the Trobriands

a. Spiritual power in Polynesia

Robert Carneiro argues that the Inca Empire emerged primarily in response to __________ factors. a. ecological b. historical c. cultural d. linguistic e. political

a. ecological

Political organization is all about: a. power. b. authenticity. c. legitimacy. d. knowledge. e. wealth.

a. power.

All of the following are mechanisms of social control in tribes EXCEPT: a. prisons. b. compensation. c. mediation. d. moot courts. e. warfare.

a. prisons.

When one group attempts to replace one political structure with another, it is called: a. revolution b. rebellion. c. revitalization. d. oppression. e. terrorism.

a. revolution

The relative access individuals and groups have to basic material resources, wealth, power, and prestige is known as: a. social differentiation. b. stratification. c. social complexity. d. egalitarianism. e. political organization.

a. social differentiation.

In which kind of society do we most commonly find elites? a. Rank societies b. Stratified societies c. Egalitarian societies d. Foraging societies e. Rank societies and egalitarian societies

b. Stratified societies

What kind of problem is "built into" being a bigman? a. The bigman must negotiate with other bigmen and must travel long distances. While he (or she) is away, the tribe often rebels. b. The bigman gives large amounts of goods to his competitors in order to shame them and reduce their prestige. This leaves little for his (or her) followers. c. The bigman must marry many wives and have many children in order to increase his (or her) support. The bigman cannot afford this. d. The bigman must be an elder and does not have a long life span. This makes leadership ever-changing. e. There are no inherent problems in being a bigma

b. The bigman gives large amounts of goods to his competitors in order to shame them and reduce their prestige. This leaves little for his (or her) followers.

The border fence separating the United States from Mexico is facing opposition from which Native American Indian group? a. Apache b. Tohono O'odham c. Nez Perce d. Assiniboine e. Zuni

b. Tohono O'odham

Unlike chiefdoms, in state societies __________ most commonly regulates social relations between different social strata and defines an individual's rights and duties. a. kinship b. citizenship c. gender d. age e. education

b. citizenship

Which of the following statements is correct? a. Law is associated with hierarchical societies, because in those societies there is little face-to-face interaction, and kinship is not as strong a bond. b. Law is found in egalitarian societies only, because law is meant to maintain order and equality among all people. c. Law is universal, because in every society there are offenses considered gravely disruptive. d. Law is a mechanism used for social control in societies that have experienced rebellion; in other societies, it is very rare. e. Law varies from society to society and is not found in rank societies.

c. Law is universal, because in every society there are offenses considered gravely disruptive.

What is the relationship between power and authority? a. Power and authority do not always come together, but where there is authority there is always power. b. Power and authority do not always come together, but where there is power, there is authority. c. Power and authority do not necessarily come together; each can exist without the other. d. Power and authority always come together in human society; it is essential for the survival of the human species. e. Power and authority never come together in any society; they coexist and balance the social order.

c. Power and authority do not necessarily come together; each can exist without the other.

How groups and individuals use power and authority to achieve various public goals in a society is part of the: a. political ideology. b. political norm. c. political process. d. stratified society. e. secret society.

c. political process.

Which of the following statements about the nation-state is NOT correct? a. The nation-state always seeks to repress the imagined nature of national unity. b. States use educational institutions as a way to create a national culture. c. A common interpretation of the past is essential in creating national identities. d. Nation-states are created on the basis of a common history and language. e. The creation of national identities is often marked with struggle.

d. Nation-states are created on the basis of a common history and language.

Anthropologists agree that warfare stems from all of the following EXCEPT __________ conditions. a. cultural b. social c. geographical d. biological e. historical

d. biological

Anthropological theories tend to emphasize __________ as the dominant factor(s) in the emergence of the state. a. conflict b. integration c. language d. both conflict and integration e. both conflict and language

d. both conflict and integration

The "Arab Spring" began when a young man named Mohamed Bouazizi set himself on fire as a protest against: a. political persecution. b. economic marginalization. c. ethnic oppression. d. police corruption and brutality. e. religious persecution.

d. police corruption and brutality.

Chiefdoms are classified as: a. stratified societies. b. balanced societies. c. egalitarian societies. d. rank societies. e. potlatch societies.

d. rank societies.

The attempt of one group to reallocate power and resources within a political structure is a: a. riot. b. revolution. c. renaissance. d. rebellion. e. regeneration.

d. rebellion.

Which form of political organization has no formal leadership? a. Empires b. States c. Chiefdoms d. Tribes e. Bands

e. Bands

What is the characteristic mode of exchange associated with ranked societies? a. Generalized reciprocity b. Balanced reciprocity c. Negative reciprocity d. Market exchange e. Redistribution

e. Redistribution

All of the following help integrate tribal societies EXCEPT: a. age-based groups. b. belief in common descent from an ancestor. c. military societies. d. secret societies. e. formal court systems.

e. formal court systems.