Cybersecurity Essentials final
What does the term vulnerability mean?
a weakness that makes a target susceptible to an attack
Match the type of multifactor authentication with the description. a) a security key fob b) a fingerprint scan c) a password
a) something you have b) something you are c) something you know
Which type of cipher is able to encrypt a fixed-length block of plaintext into a 128-bit block of ciphertext at any one time?
block
What type of attack targets an SQL database using the input field of a user?
SQL injection
A user has created a new program and wants to distribute it to everyone in the company. The user wants to ensure that when the program is downloaded that the program is not changed while in transit. What can the user do to ensure that the program is not changed when downloaded?
Create a hash of the program file that can be used to verify the integrity of the file after it is downloaded.
What type of cipher encrypts plaintext one byte or one bit at a time?
stream
What mechanism can organizations use to prevent accidental changes by authorized users?
version control
A user is evaluating the security infrastructure of a company and notices that some authentication systems are not using best practices when it comes to storing passwords. The user is able to crack passwords very fast and access sensitive data. The user wants to present a recommendation to the company on the proper implementation of salting to avoid password cracking techniques. What are three best practices in implementing salting? (Choose three.)
-A salt should not be reused. -A salt should be unique for each password. -A salt must be unique.
What are two common indicators of spam mail? (Choose two.)
-The email has no subject line. -The email has misspelled words or punctuation errors or both.
Which two reasons describe why WEP is a weak protocol? (Choose two.)
-The key is static and repeats on a congested network. -The key is transmitted in clear text.
What are two ways to protect a computer from malware? (Choose two.)
-Use antivirus software. -Keep software up to date.
A user is asked to create a disaster recovery plan for a company. The user needs to have a few questions answered by management to proceed. Which three questions should the user ask management as part of the process of creating the plan? (Choose three.)
-Who is responsible for the process -Where does the individual perform the process? -What is the process?
What are three access control security services? (Choose three.)
-accounting -authentication -authorization
Thwarting cyber criminals includes which of the following? (Choose two.)
-establishing early warning systems -sharing cyber Intelligence information
A user was hired as the new security officer. One of the first projects was to take inventory of the company assets and create a comprehensive database. Which three pieces of information would the user want to capture in an asset database? (Choose three.)
-hardware network devices -workstations -operating systems
What are the three states of data? (Choose three.)
-in-process -in-transit -at rest
What are the three foundational principles of the cybersecurity domain? (Choose three.)
-integrity -availability -confidentiality
Pick three types of records that cyber criminals would be interested in stealing from organizations. (Choose three.)
-medical -employment -education
What three design principles help to ensure high availability? (Choose three.)
-provide for reliable crossover -detect failures as they occur -eliminate single points of failure
A user is a consultant who is hired to prepare a report to Congress as to which industries should be required to maintain five nine availability. Which three industries should the user include in a report? (Choose three.)
-public safety -healthcare -finance
What are three validation criteria used for a validation rule? (Choose three.)
-range -size -format
What three tasks are accomplished by a comprehensive security policy? (Choose three.)
-sets rules for expected behavior -gives security staff the backing of management -defines legal consequences of violations
A user is asked to evaluate the data center to improve availability for customers. The user notices that there is only one ISP connection, some of the equipment is out of warranty, there are no spare parts, and no one was monitoring the UPS which was tripped twice in one month. Which three deficiencies in high availability has the user identified? (Choose three.)
-single points of failure -failure to design for reliability -failure to detect errors as they occur
Which 128-bit block cipher encryption algorithm does the US government use to protect classified information?
AES
What is the workforce framework category that includes highly specialized review and evaluation of incoming cybersecurity information to determine if it is useful for intelligence?
Analyze
Which asymmetric algorithm provides an electronic key exchange method to share the secret key?
Diffie-Hellman
What cryptographic algorithm is used by the NSA and includes the use of elliptical curves for digital signature generation and key exchange?
ECC
A user has been asked to implement IPsec for inbound external connections. The user plans to use SHA-1 as part of the implementation. The user wants to ensure the integrity and authenticity of the connection. What security tool can the user use?
HMAC
A company is concerned with traffic that flows through the network. There is a concern that there may be malware that exists that is not being blocked or eradicated by antivirus. What technology can be put in place to detect potential malware traffic on the network?
IDS
What does the acronym IoE represent?
Internet of Everything
What name is given to a storage device connected to a network?
NAS
A user was hired by a company to provide a highly available network infrastructure. The user wants to build redundancy into the network in case of a switch failure, but wants to prevent Layer 2 looping. What would the user implement in the network?
Spanning Tree Protocol
What is a strength of using a hashing function?
It is a one-way function and not reversible.
A user is connecting to an e-commerce server to buy some widgets for a company. The user connects to the site and notices there is no lock in the browser security status bar. The site does prompt for a username and password and the user is able to log in. What is the danger in proceeding with this transaction?
The site is not using a digital certificate to secure the transaction, with the result that everything is in the clear.
What service determines which resources a user can access along with the operations that a user can perform?
authorization
What does the term BYOD represent?
bring your own device
What is the term used to describe the science of making and breaking secret codes?
cryptology
A warning banner that lists the negative outcomes of breaking company policy is displayed each time a computer user logs in to the machine. What type of access control is implemented?
deterrent
A recent email sent throughout the company stated that there would be a change in security policy. The security officer who was presumed to have sent the message stated the message was not sent from the security office and the company may be a victim of a spoofed email. What could have been added to the message to ensure the message actually came from the person?
digital signature
An investigator finds a USB drive at a crime scene and wants to present it as evidence in court. The investigator takes the USB drive and creates a forensic image of it and takes a hash of both the original USB device and the image that was created. What is the investigator attempting to prove about the USB drive when the evidence is submitted in court?
The data in the image is an exact copy and nothing has been altered by the process.
What is the name given to a program or program code that bypasses normal authentication?
backdoor
An attacker is sitting in front of a store and wirelessly copies emails and contact lists from nearby unsuspecting user devices. What type of attack is this?
bluesnarfing
What name is given to a amateur hacker?
script kiddie
What are three NIST-approved digital signature algorithms? (Choose three.)
-ECDSA -DSA -RSA
A user has completed a six month project to identify all data locations and catalog the location. The next step is to classify the data and produce some criteria on data sensitivity. Which two steps can the user take to classify the data? (Choose two.)
-Establish the owner of the data. -Identify sensitivity of the data.
Identify three situations in which the hashing function can be applied. (Choose three.)
-IPsec -CHAP -PKI
What are three types of sensitive information? (Choose three.)
-PII -classified -business
Which three protocols use asymmetric key algorithms? (Choose three.)
-Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) -Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) -Secure Shell (SSH)
What are two common hash functions? (Choose two.)
-SHA -MD5
Which two methods help to ensure data integrity? (Choose two.)
-hashing -data consistency checks
Which three processes are examples of logical access controls? (Choose three.)
-intrusion detection system (IDS) to watch for suspicious network activity -biometrics to validate physical characteristics -firewalls to monitor traffic
What are three type of attacks that are preventable through the use of salting? (Choose three.)
-rainbow tables -reverse lookup tables -lookup tables
For the purpose of authentication, what three methods are used to verify identity? (Choose three.)
-something you have -something you know -something you are
Which three devices represent examples of physical access controls? (Choose three.)
-swipe cards -video cameras -locks
What two methods help to ensure system availability? (Choose two.)
-up-to-date operating systems -equipment maintenance
What is a vulnerability that allows criminals to inject scripts into web pages viewed by users?
Cross-site scripting
What type of attack uses many systems to flood the resources of a target, thus making the target unavailable?
DDoS
Which term describes the sending of a short deceptive SMS message used to trick a target into visiting a website?
smishing
What is the name of the method in which letters are rearranged to create the ciphertext?
transposition
A user downloads an updated driver for a video card from a website. A warning message pops up saying the driver is not approved. What does this piece of software lack?
digital signature
A user is the database administrator for a company. The user has been asked to implement an integrity rule that states every table must have a primary key and that the column or columns chosen to be the primary key must be unique and not null. Which integrity requirement is the user implementing?
entity integrity
What is identified by the first dimension of the cybersecurity cube?
goals
What name is given to hackers who hack for a cause?
hactivist
A user is redesigning a network for a small company and wants to ensure security at a reasonable price. The user deploys a new application-aware firewall with intrusion detection capabilities on the ISP connection. The user installs a second firewall to separate the company network from the public network. Additionally, the user installs an IPS on the internal network of the company. What approach is the user implementing?
layered
What term is used to describe the technology that replaces sensitive information with a nonsensitive version?
masking
What name is given to any changes to the original data such as users manually modifying data, programs processing and changing data, and equipment failures?
modification
What is the term used when a malicious party sends a fraudulent email disguised as being from a legitimate, trusted source?
phishing
What type of cybersecurity laws protect you from an organization that might want to share your sensitive data?
privacy
A user is evaluating the network infrastructure of a company. The user noted many redundant systems and devices in place, but no overall evaluation of the network. In a report, the user emphasized the methods and configurations needed as a whole to make the network fault tolerant. What is the type of design the user is stressing?
resilient
Alice and Bob use the same password to login into the company network. This means both would have the exact same hash for their passwords. What could be implemented to prevent both password hashes from being the same?
salting
A user is instructed by a boss to find a better method to secure passwords in transit. The user has researched several means to do so and has settled on using HMAC. What are the key elements needed to implement HMAC?
secret key and message digest
What is the term used to describe an email that is targeting a specific person employed at a financial institution?
spear phishing
A criminal is using software to obtain information about the computer of a user. What is the name of this type of software?
spyware
What term is used to describe concealing data in another file such as a graphic, audio, or other text file?
steganography
What encryption algorithm uses the same pre-shared key to encrypt and decrypt data?
symmetric
Which term describes the technology that protects software from unauthorized access or modification?
watermarking
What is the standard for a public key infrastructure to manage digital certificates?
x.509
A recent breach at a company was traced to the ability of a hacker to access the corporate database through the company website by using malformed data in the login form. What is the problem with the company website?
poor input validation
A security breach has happened at a major corporation. The incident team has responded and executed their incident response plan. During which phase are lessons learned applied?
post-incident
What is a secure virtual network called that uses the public network?
VPN
What are two of the tactics used by a social engineer to obtain personal information from an unsuspecting target? (Choose two.)
-intimidation -urgency
Which two terms are used to describe cipher keys? (Choose two.)
-key length -key space
What is the step by step process for creating a digital signature?
Create a message digest; encrypt the digest with the private key of the sender; and bundle the message, encrypted digest, and public key together in order to sign the document.
What is the name for the type of software that generates revenue by generating annoying pop-ups?
adware
Which method tries all possible passwords until a match is found?
brute force
What principle prevents the disclosure of information to unauthorized people, resources, and processes?
confidentiality
What is a method of sending information from one device to another using removable media?
sneaker net
What are two methods that ensure confidentiality? (Choose two.)
-authentication -encryption
What are three examples of administrative access controls? (Choose three.)
-background checks -policies and procedures -hiring practices
Match the description with the correct term. (Not all targets are used.) A)steganography B)steganalysis C)social steganography D)obfuscation
A)hiding data in an audio file B)discovering hidden info in a graphic file C)creating something that means something to a specific audience D)making a message confusing to understand
What is an example of an Internet data domain?
What does a rootkit modify?
operating system
A user is asked to evaluate the security posture of a company. The user looks at past attempts to break into the company and evaluates the threats and exposures to create a report. Which type of risk analysis could the user perform?
qualitative
What is the purpose of CSPRNG?
to generate salt
What encryption algorithm uses one key to encrypt data and a different key to decrypt data?
asymmetric
What is the difference between a virus and a worm?
Worms self-replicate but viruses do not.
What occurs on a computer when data goes beyond the limits of a buffer?
a buffer overflow
What is the meaning of the term logic bomb?
a malicious program that uses a trigger to awaken the malicious code
A computer is presenting a user with a screen requesting payment before the user data is allowed to be accessed by the same user. What type of malware is this?
a type of ransomware
What type of an attack can disable a computer by forcing it to use memory or by overworking its CPU?
algorithm