D220 Information Technology in Nursing Practice - Lesson Quizzes

As adults age, there are challenges inherent to learning. Often, they are faced with complex health decisions and knowledge of how to manage their way around the healthcare system. Which category of health literacy challenges are older adults usually faced with? Cognitive challenges Social challenges Mobility challenges

Cognitive challenges Aging contributes to challenges in processing information, focusing, and memory.

True or False Health literacy is the state of an individual's ability to read and understand basic medical terminology and comprehend healthcare instructions given by healthcare professionals.

False Health literacy is more than just the ability to read and understand basic medical terminology and instructions. It is also the capacity of an individual to express their needs and preferences and to respond to the need for information about services provided for them.

True or False Nurses can contribute to machine learning algorithms by (1) filling data gaps with nursing-relevant data that provide personalized context about the patient; (2) improving data dissemination techniques; and (3) evaluating potential value in practice.

False Improving data preprocessing techniques, not data dissemination techniques, is essential for nurses to contribute to machine learning.

Healthcare data is everywhere. The data information knowledge wisdom (DIKW) framework refers to the way data becomes a product that can be used to positively affect patient care. Ture or False: In the DIKW framework, information is described as data that is processed and organized so that relations and interactions may be identified. True False

False Information is a continuum of progressively developing and clustered data. Relations and interactions are not yet evident in information alone. Knowledge is information that is processed and organized so that relations and interactions are identified.

True or False Information literacy is defined as the knowledge and ability to use computers and technology efficiently.

False Information literacy is the knowledge and ability to locate, organize, use, communicate, and interpret print and electronic sources of information.

True or False Low health literacy is language dependent because even among ethnic groups, differences in the meaning of words are evident between regions.

False Low health literacy is not language dependent since it is also highly impacted by culture, ethnicity, race, environment, and social class.

Several barriers to progress exist in the use of healthcare informatics, data sharing, and healthcare information exchange. What is an example of a barrier that is associated with health care clinicians' experience with health IT? Health IT system design and usability Financial challenge Technical challenge Trust issue

Health IT system design and usability When the design of the system is not aligned with the clinician's real-world workflows, the usability of the system diminishes, and this negatively affects the clinician's productivity.

mHealth is the generation, accumulation, and exchange of medical information through mobile and wireless tools. What is an example of mHealth? Telehealth HIE Remote patient monitoring

Remote patient monitoring Remote patient monitoring is the use of devices to capture patient data at one location and then transmit it electronically to healthcare professionals at a different location, allowing the review of data for clinical decision-making.

The abundance of healthcare data has made it possible to implement reforms in the delivery of healthcare and reimbursement methods. Which healthcare policy reform introduced in 2008 focuses on rewarding providers with incentives based on the quality of care they deliver as opposed to the volume of care? American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) Accountable care organization (ACO) Value-based model (VBM) Consumerism

The value-based model rewards providers and organizations for quality-driven care based on their ability to meet set quality measures and indicators.

Organizations that put value in establishing an environment that supports health literacy exhibit certain attributes. What is the appropriate attribute that applies to these types of organizations? The organization provides discounts in cafeteria and parking costs to patients and their families. The organization provides information necessary to navigate the facility. The organization hosts recognition programs for employees who exhibit service excellence in health literacy.

The organization provides information necessary to navigate the facility. The organization provides mechanisms to assist the patient in finding information in plain language and also provides way-finding assistance within the facility with clear signage and instructions.

True or False When searching for specific healthcare data on the internet, the most important thing to remember is that the effective use of keywords helps to narrow and direct the search.

True A keyword search uses the most important words for the topic of interest and eliminates other words that may be unrelated to it.

True or False Nurses and physicians believe that CDSS adds knowledge to their provision of care but believe that CDSS advice must always be confirmed by the healthcare professional.

True CDSS is technology that provides recommendations for care and must be balanced with professional judgment, not used in place of it.

True or False Descriptive analytics provides description of historical data.

True Descriptive analytics is a statistical method that is used to search and summarize historical data in order to identify patterns or meaning.

True or False Disparities in access to health information are just as detrimental as disparities in access to healthcare itself.

True Disparities in access to health information, such as the inability to have access to computers or the internet, results in the lower usage rates of preventive services, less knowledge of chronic disease management, higher rates of hospitalization, and poorer reported health status.

True or False When exploring opportunities to improve the safe delivery of patient care, nurses can make use of health information technology data through the systems engineering approach. This approach enables the partnership of technology manufacturers and vendors with organizations to identify risks to patient safety and promote safe health information technology integration.

True During the integration of technology into the organization, it is important for biomedical engineers and health information technology experts to work together with organization members to identify the potential for risk to the patient in the use of the technology.

True or False Two approaches that would address challenges with health literacy are teaching patients enough information about their illnesses and about how the health system works.

True Health literacy involves teaching patients enough information about their illnesses and about how the health system works so that they can be legitimate partners in the appropriate management of their health.

True or False With the abundance of research articles on health information technology data, the key to knowing what should be integrated into clinical practice is knowing how to determine the article's level or strength of evidence.

True Levels of evidence refer to the strength of evidence or confidence placed in the findings related to the approach used. Confidence in findings is critical to the process of translating findings into practice.

True or False One of the barriers in finding and using big data in informatics-driven healthcare is a lack of nursing visibility.

True Nurses and nurse informaticists are needed to communicate clinician needs to data scientists. Nurse informaticists are underrepresented in big data positions, yet it is vital for nurses to be in this field to advance nursing knowledge and practice using big data.

True or False The 21st Century Cures Act asserts that putting patients in charge of their health records is a key piece of patient control in healthcare; therefore, barriers to their health information must be addressed through the use of advanced information technology measures.

True The 21st Century Cures Act recognizes that patients need more power in their healthcare, and access to information is key to making that happen.

True or False Health information systems are costly to maintain because they need to be constantly optimized and updated. The best way to maintain a health information system is to optimize quickly, within a few months after the original system has been implemented.

True Waiting longer can cause problems and slowness of the system because the added functionality must be correctly interfaced with the current system.

True or False One of the goals of the 2016 CMS Quality Strategy calls for improving safety and reducing unnecessary and inappropriate care by teaching healthcare professionals how to better communicate with people who have low health literacy and by more effectively linking healthcare decisions to person-centered goals.

True When healthcare professionals are trained on best practices for communicating with patients who have low health literacy, it promotes understanding and active involvement and participation of the patient in their own care. This, therefore, decreases the need for further services and care that would otherwise be needed if the patients do not understand what they are expected to do about their health.

Poor documentation practices in the electronic medical record lead to issues with data quality and data integrity. As a nurse, it is important to recognize these practices and ensure that they are addressed immediately. Match the poor documentation practice with its definition below. Options: Poor Documentation Practice 1: Dictation errors without validation Poor Documentation Practice 2: Patient identification error Poor Documentation Practice 3: Cloning or copy/pasting Poor Documentation Practice 4: Template challenges This data integrity issue occurs when voice recognition functionality is used without a validation step in place. Select an option This data integrity issue occurs when wrong data is entered in the wrong patient's record. Select an option This data integrity issue occurs when information from previous documentation on the same patient or a different one is copied on to the record to avoid redundant work. Select an option This data integrity issue occurs when note templates do not accurately match the clinical documentation needs of the patient. Select an option

1 2 3 4

True or False To ensure data integrity, healthcare organizations only need to ensure that their medical records have sufficient audit trail functionality.

False Audit trails are only one of the ways to ensure data integrity.

With the proliferation of data in healthcare, big data is a common term used in the healthcare industry. True or False: Big data is defined as the process of integrating data from different sources for the purpose of optimizing its use and understanding its functionality.

False Business intelligence, not big data, refers to a strategy or process by which data from different sources is integrated for the purpose of optimizing its use and understanding its functionality. Big data is considered data originating from very large data sets that help identify patterns and trends. Big data cannot be managed without the use of technology to analyze its output.

True or False Health literacy enables patients to interact with the internet and learn about ways to remain engaged in their healthcare while information literacy enables patients to know when and why information is needed and how to apply it.

False Computer literacy allows patients to interact with the internet. Health literacy is not restricted to knowing how to interact with the internet for their health information.

Healthcare data integrity is crucial in the healthcare environment. Information technology (IT) must ensure that healthcare decisions are based on authentic and accurate data. True or False: Data scrubbing is a mechanism provided by the computer system to assist users by prompting them to complete a task, verify information, or prevent entry of inappropriate information.

False Data scrubbing is the process by which incorrect, incomplete, duplicate, or improperly formatted items are removed using special software designated for this purpose.

True or False Healthcare professional databases represent a source of online information that is generally accessible to those with professional or academic affiliations, such as faculty, staff, and students. Google is an example of a professional database.

False Google is a search engine, not a database for healthcare. Examples of professional databases for healthcare are CINAHL and Medline.

True or False Health information exchange (HIE) infrastructures are vendor, community-wide, regional, statewide, and global enterprises, such as at military operating sites, that have a goal to exchange patient-level information.

False Health information exchange (HIE) infrastructure allows healthcare providers and allied healthcare professionals to appropriately access and securely share a patient's vital medical information electronically—improving the speed, quality, safety, and cost of patient care.

When considering the lack of appropriate infrastructure as a factor contributing to challenges in finding and using big data in healthcare, why is a governance structure necessary? A governance structure determines who is in charge. A governance structure solidifies data management decisions. A governance structure allows the entity that owns the data to be licensed to share it. A governance structure creates the balance between privacy and access while complying with state, national, and international ethical and legal requirements.

A governance structure creates the balance between privacy and access while complying with state, national, and international ethical and legal requirements. A governance structure maintains oversight on privacy, access, and regulatory requirements of data management and analytics.

Administrative health information systems focus on managing administrative, financial, and demographic data and information and in providing reporting capabilities that support the overall functions of an organization. What is an example of administrative information systems? Clinical decision support systems Admission discharge transfer (ADT) system Clinical information systems

Admission discharge transfer (ADT) system This is an administrative system that tracks a patient's activities and location from hospital or clinic admission through any and all transfers within the facility and, finally, through discharge.

Health information data gives information on care practices that were performed correctly and appropriately as well as data on aspects of care that need improvement. Organizations first need to establish a culture of safety so that available data can be freely reviewed and efforts toward improvements can follow. What is a characteristic of a culture of safety? An environment that promotes its safety measures through heavy advertising. An environment that prioritizes disciplinary action over accountability in patient safety events. An environment that provides resources for the promotion and maintenance of safety measures.

An environment that provides resources for the promotion and maintenance of safety measures. Providing resources focused on patient safety demonstrates the organization's commitment to it.

Submit and Compare How does the HIE support informed decision-making for nurses and providers?

An ideal response would look like this: The timely sharing of patient information and at the point of care allows: the avoidance of readmissions the avoidance of medication errors the improvement of problem identification the improvement of diagnosis accuracy the reduction of duplicate testing

Clinical decision support (CDS) systems provide clinicians, staff, patients, or other individuals with data-driven and patient-specific information at the appropriate time so that decisions can be made appropriately during the clinical workflow. You have been asked to look up information related to CDS systems for your organization to determine their effectiveness. Review the AHRQ website provided in your essential reading section and explore the comparison table providing the latest research update on clinical decision support (Cross-cutting: Health Information Technology table). What is a key finding in the latest research summary of evidence on clinical decision support (CDS) systems? CDS systems are meant to achieve patient-safety goals across clinical conditions. CDS systems use the "five rights" (getting the right information to the right people in the right intervention formats through the right channels at the right times in workflows). CDS systems are widely believed to have the potential to positively impact patient safety, with the most consistent impact on improving medication safety. CDS systems are widely used by healthcare organizations and should be implemented so that your organization remains aligned with others.

CDS systems are widely believed to have the potential to positively impact patient safety, with the most consistent impact on improving medication safety. The review provides a summary of evidence published from 2008 to 2018 on clinical decision support (CDS) as a cross-cutting factor in efforts to improve patient safety, particularly in the arena of medication safety.

Submit and Compare You have been asked to review the spread of COVID-19 in the United States to determine which states your staff should be particularly mindful of when conducting travel screening on their patients. You use the CDC's COVID Data Tracker website. When looking at cases and deaths by state, how is the number of cases represented?

Cases are represented by average daily cases per 100,000 in the last seven days.

The value of the HIE can only be experienced and appreciated if it is known to its users. There are several challenges to the use of the HIE. One major challenge to embedding HIE in care practice is a lack of awareness about HIE among clinicians. In nursing, what area of care would benefit the most by embedding HIE in nursing practice? Home health nursing Coordination of care Inpatient assessments School nursing

Coordination of care The coordination of care can be enhanced through the use of HIEs by helping nurses understand the root cause of frequent visits, identifying duplicate orders for tests, and maintaining accurate medication lists.

There are several systems that provide support for nurses in patient care decision-making. What is an example of this type of health information system? Order entry systems Quality assurance system Critical care information systems

Critical care information systems assist decision-making by capturing input data from multiple bedside devices that facilitate calculation of clinical indices to support decisions on diagnosis and treatment.

One of the uses of healthcare data is for quality improvement. Which statement about data is accurate as it relates to quality improvement initiatives? Data allows measurement of the quality of healthcare delivery to determine whether planned measures result in improvement. Data for quality improvement initiatives should originate internally from organizations so that specific plans for performance improvement are realistic and manageable. Data for quality improvement is limited to data sets from the electronic medical record. Healthcare data is not available to the public because of HIPAA restrictions.

Data allows measurement of the quality of healthcare delivery to determine whether planned measures result in improvement. Quality improvement efforts need to be measurable. Without data, these efforts cannot be measured, and, without measurement, there will be no way to determine what needs improvement.

What is the definition of data integrity? Data integrity is defined as a state wherein data are maintained whole and untainted throughout their life cycle. Data integrity is defined according to an organization's data governance team. Data integrity is defined as a policy of the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA). Data integrity is defined as data that have been compromised for privacy and security.

Data integrity is defined as a state wherein data are maintained whole and untainted throughout their life cycle. Data integrity is the state wherein data are uncorrupted, accurate, and valid.

The following data sources have been identified and described in the Health Data Sources learning resource in the previous unit: Data Source 1: Medical records Data Source 2: Surveillance Data Source 3: Survey Data Source 4: Vital records For each of the following descriptions, select the matching (corresponding) data source. This data source is used to track events and transactions between patients and health care providers. Select an option Data Source 1 Data Source 2 Data Source 3 Data Source 4 This data source is used to monitor outbreaks of specific diseases and conditions. Select an option Data Source 1 Data Source 2 Data Source 3 Data Source 4 This data source collects information directly from participants and relies on the participants' interpretation of what they recall and not necessarily what transpired. Select an option Data Source 1 Data Source 2 Data Source 3 Data Source 4 This data source is used to provide information on fixed data elements at the state and national level. Select an option Data Source 1 Data Source 2 Data Source 3 Data Source 4

Data source 1 Data source 2 Data source 3 Data source 4

When using PGHD in research, some challenges that researchers encounter include managing the consent process and obtaining high quality data from the care delivery process. What is another challenge? Determining participant eligibility Following up on any adverse reactions from the research process Recruiting participants to enroll in the research Determining research compensation for the participants unanswered

Determining participant eligibility Without in-person enrollment, verifying that a patient is eligible to participate in a study can be difficult.

What is a form of health information exchange Open inquiry exchange Interoperability Directed exchange

Directed exchange Providers send and receive secure information to each other electronically to support coordinated care (e.g., sending laboratory orders, test results, or discharge summaries directly to another healthcare professional over the internet through a secure connection).

The exchange of patient information to facilitate and improve the efficiency and timeliness of patient care is at the heart of health information exchanges (HIE). What refers to a directed exchange in the HIE? Directed exchange provides patients with access to their health information, allowing them to manage their healthcare online. Directed exchange is used by providers to easily and securely send patient information directly to another healthcare professional. Directed exchange provides the exchange of financial information between healthcare facilities. Directed exchange is used by providers to search and discover accessible clinical sources on a patient.

Directed exchange is used by providers to easily and securely send patient information directly to another healthcare professional. A directed exchange is when providers send laboratory orders and results, patient referrals, or discharge summaries to another provider or healthcare entity.

What is an example of a common data integrity issue that occurs as a result of cloning, or copying, when documenting in the electronic medical record (EMR)? Documentation of a medication given in the wrong patient's record Documentation of vital signs that do not vary Documentation by a scribe instead of a physician Documentation that is brief and lacking in descriptive content

Documentation of vital signs that do not vary Vital signs change and do not remain stagnant. Vital signs that do not change indicate that they are being copied or cloned.

Submit and Compare The importance of data integrity in healthcare cannot be overstated. Some lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic concern challenges in tracing COVID-19 patients because of poor data capture. Given this information and what you learned from the learning resource "Preparing for the Next Pandemic," why is accurate patient identification data named as a priority by AHIMA?

Errors in patient identification data pose a high risk to patient safety. Correct patient medical history needs to be accurately matched to the right patient for both short-term and long-term public health responses to widespread diseases. Large-scale immunization programs depend on accurate patient information to identify who has had the disease, who has been vaccinated, and what their outcomes are.

True or False The admission-discharge-transfer (ADT) system manages information on the patient's activities in the hospital as they relate to the patient's location and phase of movement within the hospital. This system is categorized under the general classification of clinical information systems (CIS) within a hospital's health information system (HIS).

False The ADT system is classified under the hospitals' administrative information system, not the clinical information system. It is one of the foundational systems that allows operational activities such as bed placement, transportation coordination, room readiness, and the general coordination of services focused on the patient's phase of movement.

True or False The Internet of Things (IoT) in healthcare refers to a subset of the internet that deals with medical information and literature for the advancement of health information technology.

False The Internet of Things (IoT) in healthcare refers to the collection of internet-connected devices, including wearables, implants, skin sensors, home monitoring tools, and mHealth applications. The IoT has the potential to connect patients and their providers in a variety of ways and has the ability to maximize the power of big data analytics through ongoing innovation.

True or False Health information technology data supports the development of research for the implementation of evidence-based improvements in nursing practice. Various models are available to facilitate this implementation. Is the following statement true or false: The Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice to Promote Quality Care is a model for the implementation of evidence-based practice that is divided into five phases: preparation, validation, comparative evaluation/decision-making, translation and application, and evaluation.

False The Iowa Model of evidence-based practice to promote quality care is a model for the implementation of evidence-based practice stresses the importance of prioritizing triggers based on the need for change and the needs of the clinical agency.

True or False While caring for patients, nurses are supported through decision support tools in the administrative information system that is based on best clinical evidence.

False The clinical information system provides patient centric decision-making functionality to help guide a nurse with decision-making while caring for a patient.

Outcomes research, also known as OCR, is the stand-out model for the measurement of quality indicators. True or False: The goal of OCR is to improve the quality of care through the use of research data that examines the effectiveness of healthcare processes.

False The goal of OCR is to improve the quality of care through the use of research data to improve outcomes, not the effectiveness of healthcare processes. Through the use of OCR, variations in practice may be minimized, focusing on those that achieve positive outcomes. Examples of outcomes are survival, quality of life, functional status, costs, cost-effectiveness, and patient satisfaction.

True or False Audit trails must include the name of the user, the name of the auditor, the application triggering the audit, the workstation, the specific document, a description of the event being audited, and the date and time.

False The name of the auditor is not part of an audit trail.

True or False The pharmacy information system is an administrative information system because it manages functions that include inventory control, billing, and preparation of documentation such as patient profiles, medication labels, and fill lists.

False The pharmacy information system is a clinical information system because it also manages order entry tracking of drug dispensing, alerting practitioners and pharmacists of prescription errors and potential interactions, patient education, and providing access to clinical information.

True or False A CDS system basically follows a sequence of components that accurately guide the clinician in making sound decisions in healthcare. This sequence of components includes a trigger, input data, an instruction, and an action step.

False The sequence does not involve an instruction. Rather, it involves options for interventions based on the input data the system receives. The right components of a CDS include a trigger, such as a medication order; input data, such as lab values; intervention information, such as other options provided; and an action step, such as the action selected by the clinician.

True or False Healthcare information systems are composed of various health information systems, each with a specific purpose. A quality assurance system that manages information related to continuous quality improvement, regulatory reporting, and audits of clinical processes is an example of a clinical information system.

False While a quality assurance system manages data on the quality of processes that affect patient outcomes, it does not manage information relative to the direct clinical care of the patient. It is categorized as an administrative information system.

True or False Mobile Health, also known as mHealth, refers to a type of health information system that involves the use of smartphones and portable monitoring sensors that transmit information to providers, as well as dedicated application software (apps) which are downloaded onto devices.

False mHealth is a form of health information technology, not a health information system. It is used to analyze, aggregate, share, and protect health information data derived from or used in portable devices.

Submit and Compare What is the difference between health information systems and health information technologies?

Health information systems manage health information for specific areas of healthcare. Health information systems are categorized as clinical information systems or administrative information systems. Health information technology (HIT) is what is involved in the design, development, implementation, integration, creation, use, and maintenance of health information systems. HIT also refers to the area of healthcare that uses computer hardware, software, or infrastructure to record, retrieve, analyze, archive, secure, and share clinical administrative, and financial information. HIT is the backbone and foundational structure of many advancements in healthcare such as clinical decision support, computerized disease registries, computerized provider order entry, consumer health IT applications, electronic medical record systems (EMRs, EHRs, and PHRs), electronic prescribing, and telehealth.

Health information technology (HIT) is defined as the area of healthcare where the processing, storage, and exchange of health information in an electronic environment is made possible. Its significance in healthcare is best explained by one of the statements below. Which of these is a correct statement? Health information technology is used by healthcare providers to manage patient care and population health by using and sharing health information in a secure system. Health information technology is used by healthcare organizations to develop strategic plans for growth. Health information technology is used to manage financial transactions related to healthcare costs. Health information technology describes the systems in healthcare used to acquire, store, deliver, and analyze medical data.

Health information technology is used by healthcare providers to manage patient care and population health by using and sharing health information in a secure system. HIT is used to support systems that collect data needed for patient care, population health management, and for the sharing of this information within a secure system.

Submit and Compare Why is it necessary to ensure data integrity in healthcare?

Healthcare data and information is attractive to cybercriminals for the value it provides. Consumer health informatics applications store health information data in a variety of ways that may be accessible to cybertheft.

Healthcare professionals are failing in promoting health literacy because they are failing in the ways they conduct health education. What is the most common example of this failure? Healthcare professionals use the internet to send information to their patients. Healthcare professionals use a variety of modalities to send information to their patients. Healthcare professionals use terms they are comfortable with. Healthcare professionals provide education and instructions to patients after their hospital admission or after their healthcare visit.

Healthcare professionals use terms they are comfortable with. The most common challenge in advancing health literacy is assuming that patients understand the medical terminology that healthcare professionals are comfortable with.

Submit and Compare One of the challenges in advancing health literacy is the lack of research in the efficacy of interventions to improve it. Discuss at least two issues that further research could help with in health literacy.

Ideal response includes the following: long-term outcomes of interventions that examine cost, quality, and satisfaction. effects of broad-based health literacy initiatives and interventions. success of obtaining funding for other interventions when present ones do not work. causal relationships between health literacy and improved outcomes.

Submit and Compare Alert fatigue is an unintended consequence of the electronic health record and clinical decision support systems. Alert fatigue is the result of cognitive overload of information input, desensitizing the nurse from future alerts. When alert fatigue happens, vital decision-making support measures are ignored and it may lead to unsafe situations in patient care. State at least two ways nurses manifest alert fatigue and explain why this problem may compromise patient care.

Ideal responses include: Alert fatigue manifestation.: Overriding a warning. Closing a pop-up window. "Accepting" without taking the time to fully read an alert message. Turning off the warning functionality. Explanation as to why alert fatigue may compromise patient care. Alert fatigue can negatively affect patient safety by increasing the risk that clinically relevant alerts will be missed or ignored.

Submit and Compare The benefits of electronic health record systems are numerous. Benefits can be classified as those that affect healthcare professionals, the healthcare system, or the consumers of care. As a nurse, name at least three nursing benefits of these systems.

Ideal responses include: Answer choice(s): Facilitates review of past and present data to gain a clear perspective on the patient's state of health. Supports an ongoing record of the client's education and understanding across encounters and visits. Eliminates the need for redundantly demographic and historical information, therefore, saving time. Provides access to all who have authorization to the patient's record. Allows data access for research activities. Provides prompts to ensure administration and documentation is done in a timely and accurate manner. Provides clinical decision support where necessary.

Submit and Compare Why is privacy a barrier to healthcare information sharing and the progress of healthcare informatics?

Ideal responses include: Healthcare data and information are attractive to cybercriminals for the value they provide. Consumer health informatics applications store health information data in a variety of ways that may be accessible to cybertheft.

Submit and Compare In improving ways to collect information on race, ethnicity, gender, and language, it is important to recognize the challenges that hinder the appropriate collection of these elements of healthcare data. State at least three challenges healthcare organizations are faced with in collecting these points of information from patients.

Ideal responses include: How to ask patients and enrollees questions about race, ethnicity, and language and communication needs. How to train staff to elicit this information in a respectful and efficient manner that is sensitive to the patient. How to address the educational or cultural discomfort of registration and admission staff about requesting this information. How to address potential patient refusal to respond respectfully. How to address system-level issues that result in changes to previously collected information that is incongruent to current information.

Submit and Compare Alert fatigue is a serious concern in healthcare organizations that undermine the value of clinical decision-making capabilities offered by CDSS. To fully avail of the functionality of decision-support mechanisms that contribute to safe patient care, discuss one way that alert fatigue can be managed.

Ideal responses include: Review each alert, determine its significance, and make a decision to maintain or eliminate it. Recognize that an unnecessary alert is dangerous because it makes it that much less likely that the clinician will pay attention to the next alert that is necessary. Explore the possibility of having machines "talk" to each other to establish congruence in interpreting specific patient input that is aligned with the need for an alert to fire.

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Healthy People initiative creates 10-year national objectives to help health professionals and others committed to improving health and well-being address public health priorities. For Healthy People 2030, six objectives are related to health literacy. Which objective describes challenges in informatics? Increase the proportion of people who say their online medical record is easy to understand Increase the proportion of adults whose healthcare providers involved them in decisions as much as they wanted Increase the proportion of adults with limited English proficiency who say their providers explain things clearly Increase the proportion of adults whose healthcare provider checked their understanding

Increase the proportion of people who say their online medical record is easy to understand This objective would involve informatics-related efforts to implement several revisions to online records ensuring that health literacy is promoted through the use of plain language, easy to navigate sites, more language at the fourth- to sixth-grade level, and more pictures to augment information.

What word best describes data applied? Information Wisdom Technology Knowledge

Information Data transform into information by assigning a meaning or context to a data.

You have just learned about the term patient-generated health data (PGHD) and are aware of the opportunities as well as the challenges related to patients, providers, researchers, technology developers, policy makers, and payers as it relates to this form of informatics-driven functionality. What is an example of a challenge related to patients and their healthcare providers in the use of PGHD? Issues with health, technology, and language literacy may dissuade or prevent patients from accessing technology or understanding how to complete what is required to keep their PGHD accurate and up to date. Privacy and cultural issues may pose barriers in the capture, use, and sharing of PGHD for reimbursement purposes. The rapid pace at which technology evolves will mean that regulations on the capture and use of PGHD will need to remain up to date at all times. Standards and specifications for interoperability between technologies used to collect PGHD are maturing and have not achieved full adoption.

Issues with health, technology, and language literacy may dissuade or prevent patients from accessing technology or understanding how to complete what is required to keep their PGHD accurate and up to date. Patients would need to own technology to regularly have their PGHD captured. Likewise, patients may have the technology but may not know how to manage it independently.

A health information system comprises multiple information systems that are interfaced and integrated to support the clinical and administrative management of healthcare information. What is the purpose of this? It addresses the decision-making information needs of healthcare professionals. It involves the management of demographic, financial, and reporting. It manages order entry and medication management information needs of the patient. It focuses on the acquisition, review, and use of patient data.

It focuses on the acquisition, review, and use of patient data. Clinical information systems acquire patient data so that healthcare professionals can review it and use the information to deliver care.

With the multiple forms of health information technology that are able to extract and process patient information, data many times exists in silos where it is not useful. Interoperability has been a term used more and more frequently in health information technology. What does interoperability in healthcare mean? It is the use of the HIE to share and access information. It is the enforcement of privacy, confidentiality, and security rules to the exchange of health information. It is the use of interfaces to communicate with disparate systems in healthcare. It is the ability of different information systems and health information technologies to securely access, exchange, integrate, and cooperatively use data in a coordinated manner using a standardized format across several national and global boundaries.

It is the ability of different information systems and health information technologies to securely access, exchange, integrate, and cooperatively use data in a coordinated manner using a standardized format across several national and global boundaries. Interoperability allows timely and seamless portability of information and optimizes the health of individuals and populations globally through this seamless exchange.

Healthcare data is a valuable commodity. Because it is used to benefit the delivery of healthcare, there are many ways to maximize its value. What is a use in maximizing the value of healthcare data? It is used to create clinical decision support tools to augment clinical care. It is used to create marketing profiles of healthcare organizations. It is used to target consumers for healthcare advertising.

It is used to create clinical decision support tools to augment clinical care. Healthcare data may be used to create clinical decision support tools that help guide clinical practice and improve the safety of patient care.

To facilitate reliable healthcare data searches, it is important to recognize the purpose and mission of healthcare websites of interest for healthcare providers. What is the purpose of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)? It promotes excellence in nursing and healthcare through credentialing programs and educational materials for nursing specialty-practice areas. It produces evidence that will make healthcare safer and improve quality, accessibility, and affordability. It assists healthcare providers to better manage patient care through secure use and sharing of health information. It protects America from health, safety, and security threats, both foreign and local, through critical science and health information that responds to, and protects the nation against, expensive and dangerous health threats. unanswered

It produces evidence that will make healthcare safer and improve quality, accessibility, and affordability. The AHRQ's mission is to advance excellence in healthcare by producing evidence to make healthcare safer, higher quality, more accessible, equitable, and affordable.

With the advent of big data, it is no longer enough to look at only one aspect of patient care. Why is it important to view patients in the context of all the variables that affect the individual? Patients' context of health does not rely on the knowledge of variables that affect them. Viewing patients in the context of as many variables as can be derived is easily accomplished. The more variables are considered, the more accurate the diagnosis can be. More variables provide a more holistic view of patients' capacity to care for themselves.

More variables provide a more holistic view of patients' capacity to care for themselves. A holistic view of patients' health and support system to maintain health is evident once all the variables that affect them are discovered.

The use of electronic health records (EHRs) has been tremendously helpful in allowing organizations to collect and share patient information. However, differences in format still exist. Standardization of healthcare data is important so that organizations can gather, classify, and aggregate data to discover new information, trends, and ways to improve care. What is one example of a standardized data language that nurses are familiar with? LOINC NANDA TIGER HIMSS

NANDA was created by the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association to provide standardized terms for nursing diagnoses.

When evaluating the strength of evidence in guidelines and recommendations derived from data and health information research, a common tool that is used is GRADE. The GRADE approach rates four areas as high, moderate, low, and very low. What are these four areas? Number of authors, risk of bias of trials, heterogeneity, and methodological quality of the review. Number of participants, risk of bias of trials, heterogeneity, and the conclusion of the recommendations. Number of participants, risk of bias of trials, heterogeneity, and methodological quality of the review. Number of participants, number of variables, heterogeneity, and methodological quality of the review.

Number of participants, risk of bias of trials, heterogeneity, and methodological quality of the review. GRADE stands for grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluations. It is an approach used for developing and presenting summaries of evidence of healthcare-related recommendations and guidelines.

Administrative information systems support patient care by managing administrative, financial, and demographic information and reporting. What is an example of administrative information systems? Patient acuity and staff scheduling system Physiologic monitoring system Picture archiving and communication system

Patient acuity and staff scheduling system Patient acuity and staff scheduling systems are administrative health information systems that have the capability to calculate patient acuity levels and care complexity and create staffing schedules accordingly.

Consumer health informatics is a subspecialty of healthcare informatics that allows people to initiate and maintain active involvement and participation in their own health. What are the five common applications of consumer health informatics? Personal Health Records, Telehealth, Mobile Health, Games for Health, and Health 2.0. Personal Health Records, Electronic Medical Record, Health Information Exchange, Telehealth, and Health 2.0. Personal Health Records, Health blogs, MobileHealth, Games for Health, and Health 2.0. Personal Health Records, Health blogs, MobileHealth, Games for Health, and Telemedicine.

Personal Health Records, Telehealth, Mobile Health, Games for Health, and Health 2.0.

Health information technology continues to grow with cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, and big data leading the list of technologies that will continue to grow in the future. What is another technology in health information technology that is trending as a priority for the future? Remote patient monitoring Continuity of Care Documents Predictive analytics

Predictive analytics As opposed to reactive analytics, predictive analytics involves the proactive management of the patient at the bedside and in the community to prevent further deterioration of health and avoidance of unnecessary cost of care.

Predictive analytics uses strategies with machine learning to think and process data. It is an output by which technology finds patterns emerge with patient characteristics and outcomes to inform the course of action in patient care. How is the use of predictive analytics better than the use of standard alerts for nurses' decision-making? Predictive analytics information is based on common care guidelines. Predictive analytics can provide a risk estimate of the patient for morbidity or mortality and acuity, providing a higher level of decision support for the nurse. Predictive analytics allows the nurse to override recommendations. Predictive analytics provides alerts specific to the patient.

Predictive analytics can provide a risk estimate of the patient for morbidity or mortality and acuity, providing a higher level of decision support for the nurse. Predictive analytics is based on recognized trends of patient's prior and current information, not just a static view of current information.

Consumer health informatics is considered a subspecialty area of healthcare informatics. It involves insight into consumer preferences and healthcare data information that allows consumers to actively plan, track, and participate in their healthcare strategies while also communicating with their healthcare providers for guidance and monitoring. What are three barriers to using this subspecialty type of healthcare informatics? Privacy issues, cognitive disabilities, low health literacy Connectivity issues, reimbursement issues, IOS or Android choice Not popular with younger generation, challenging to use, poor reliability of technology User-friendly issues, technology still being tested, not supported by physician

Privacy issues, cognitive disabilities, low health literacy Many consumers remain wary of privacy issues around their personal health records. Individuals over the age of 65 may find the use of technology. Individuals with low health literacy may be intimidated by unfamiliar terminology and prefer interacting directly with their clinicians.

Health information technology makes up the infrastructure that allows healthcare providers and organizations to deliver safe and quality patient care through information generation, analysis, and sharing in a secure system. Meaningful Use, now known as the Promoting Interoperability Program, is a program of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) that sets expectations on the use of certified EHR technology in a meaningful manner to ensure the electronic exchange of health information to improve the quality of care. What do the three stages of the program include? Promoting data capture and sharing, advancing clinical processes, and improving patient outcomes. Promoting data capture and analysis, advancing clinical processes, and improving patient outcomes. Promoting data capture and sharing, ensuring secure exchange of information, and improving patient outcomes. Promoting data capture and sharing, advancing clinical processes, and improving patient engagement.

Promoting data capture and sharing, advancing clinical processes, and improving patient outcomes. These are the three stages of Meaningful Use as set forth by CMS.

When reviewing healthcare data and information, it is important to recognize the two main types of data. What are these two main data types? Big data and small data Clinical and administrative data Medical and nursing data Quantitative and qualitative data

Quantitative and qualitative data Quantitative data focuses on numbers and frequencies, with the goal of describing a situation or finding correlations and specific variable contributions to an outcome. Qualitative data is focused on describing meaning and experiences rather than drawing statistical inferences.

Health information exchanges (HIE) greatly improve the ability to get a complete picture of a patient through access to many different sources of the patient's information. There are three key forms of health information exchange. What are three HIE forms of health information exchange? Query-based exchange, directed exchange, and patient portal exchange Query-based exchange, directed exchange, and consumer-mediated exchange Directed exchange, consumer-mediated exchange, and EMR-directed exchange

Query-based exchange, directed exchange, and consumer-mediated exchange Query-based exchange is often used for unplanned events. Like a visit to the emergency department. It allows providers to find and request information on a patient from other providers. Directed exchange is used to support coordinated care and allows the ability to send and receive secure information electronically between care providers. Consumer-mediated exchange allows the ability for patients to review, manage, and control the use of their health information among providers.

Health information technology data drives much of the research that produces evidence-based practice. However, it is not enough to simply have the data to implement evidence-based practice. What is an element of change that must be in place for the successful implementation of evidence-based practice? Readiness and willingness of organization to recognize the need for change Availability of communication and marketing support Knowledge of success from other organizations

Readiness and willingness of organization to recognize the need for change In change management, it is important for the recipients of the change to recognize the need for change and be willing to accept it.

Connected health refers to the delivery of technology-assisted care that occurs outside the traditional face-to-face setting between a patient and a healthcare provider. Connected health is differentiated by two categories: synchronous and asynchronous. What is an example of asynchronous connected health? Direct care robotics Peripheral devices connected to a videoconferencing unit aiding the practitioner in assessment and diagnosis at a distance and in real time. Remote patient monitoring Remote ICU

Remote patient monitoring (RPM) is a patient-centric, emerging technology that allows patients to participate in their own care by using a designated health technology to share health metrics and data with their healthcare provider or monitoring professional. The healthcare data are stored and accessed on demand by the healthcare professional.

Mobile health, also known as mHealth, is the collection of emerging technologies that use mobile communications and network technologies for healthcare systems. mHealth is changing the landscape of healthcare because its focus on patient-centric needs is allowing the improvement of patient education, preventative care, and diagnosis and research-based treatment. Additionally, it is showing the capacity to lower healthcare costs and enable patients to manage long-term conditions. What are examples of mHealth technology? Smartphone-connected devices, clinical information systems, lab-on-a-chip, and implantable and ingestible sensors Smartphone-connected devices, wearable sensors, lab-on-a-chip, and health information exchanges Smartphone-connected devices, wearable sensors, bedside monitoring devices, and implantable and ingestible sensors Smartphone-connected devices, wearable sensors, lab-on-a-chip, and implantable and ingestible sensors

Smartphone-connected devices, wearable sensors, lab-on-a-chip, and implantable and ingestible sensors All these technologies fall under the category of mHealth for their mobility capacity.

Applying the approach of universal precautions to health literacy means that clinicians and health care organizations should assume that all patients are at risk of not understanding medical information. Therefore, they should communicate with patients in a way that uses plain language and is easy to understand. Which key concept is involved in this approach for promoting health literacy? Using an electronic translator Immediately calling for an interpreter Supporting patients in their health management efforts

Supporting patients in their health management efforts Showing support for what patients are doing well and reinforcing the same with simple guides will help cement key concepts in health education and instructions.

Which item is a form of consumer health informatics that enables virtual consultation and collaboration with patients and other clinicians regardless of geographic location? Mobile Health Personal health record (PHR) Games for health Telehealth

Telehealth is defined as healthcare at a distance through the use of technology that connects the patient and the clinician in real time.

It is important to always verify the credibility of healthcare data sources to ensure the quality of information that a source offers. Which source provides tutorials that can be used to help determine the validity of health information? National Library of Medicine Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Ovid Medline

The National Library of Medicine manages the world's largest biomedical and health library and offers courses on how to validate healthcare information found on the intranet.

Submit and Compare Big data is produced as health information technology continues to grow. However, not all big data is useful in improving nursing practice. It is essential for nurses to recognize the five properties of big data to know if it is worth considering when looking at ways to improve nursing practice. List the five properties of big data.

The five properties of big data are: volume velocity variety value veracity

Submit and Compare Healthcare data greatly impacts quality improvement programs in healthcare organizations. Data helps drive decision-making when determining how certain quality measures are performing and how that performance compares to other organizations. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) provides evidence-based healthcare quality indicators that can be used with hospital inpatient administrative data to measure and track clinical performance and outcomes. You have been invited to join your organization's quality improvement department and need more information on these indicators. Locate the AHRQ website and open the section labeled "Data." *Name the four types of quality indicators.*

The four types of quality indicators are: prevention quality indicators, inpatient quality indicators, patient safety indicators, pediatric quality indicators.

Submit and Compare A nurse involved in organizational quality improvement has been asked to work toward promoting universal precautions with health literacy. Explain what this approach is and give at least two examples of how the universal precaution approach can be implemented in promoting health literacy.

The premise of the universal precaution approach for health literacy sets the expectation for members of the organization to assume that all patients are at risk of not understanding medical information; therefore, communication with patients should be in ways anyone can understand. Examples of ways to implement this approach include the following: Simplify information by providing it written at a fourth- to sixth -grade level, using short sentences and simple words, including pictures whenever possible. Create a shame-free environment in all areas of the organization, remaining consistent with the way information is delivered. Listen carefully, avoiding interruptions when the patient is speaking. Confirm comprehension by asking the patient to discuss in their own way what they understood about the instructions they were given. Improve support for navigation within the healthcare area by providing simple signage that is readable even in the absence of words. Support and reinforce what patients are doing well in their self-care.

Nurses are continuously exposed to health information technology and the health data it produces. Many times, nurses do not realize how they too contribute to the generation of data through the use of health information technology. What is a way nurses use or generate health information technology data? Through participation in health insurance advertising efforts Through exposure to TV medical documentaries Through programming infusion pumps that are driven by artificial intelligence (AI)

Through programming infusion pumps that are driven by artificial intelligence (AI) AI, drives much of health information technology. AI is regularly used in the programming for equipment such as infusion pumps or bar code medication administration systems.

For many patients challenged with technology, a way to improve their outcomes through the use of informatics is to consider what can be done to improve the ease and convenience of using technology. How can this be completed? Through the delivery of basic classes on how to use the internet Through the application of evidence-based best practices in user-centered design By purchasing technology tailored to their digital learning capacity. By extending their visits with their providers to allow for time to teach them how to use the internet for their healthcare information.

Through the application of evidence-based best practices in user-centered design User-centered design involves the purposeful planning and design of technology that makes it convenient and easy to use by the user, not the developer.

Gartner's hype cycle for data science and machine learning illustrates the pathway of a technology from innovation to mainstream productivity. When technology does not produce the outcomes expected, what is this phase of the path is known as? Slope of Enlightenment Peak of Inflated Expectations Trough of Disillusionment Plateau of Productivity

Trough of Disillusionment This is the phase where the technology produces disappointment for not meeting the unrealistic expectations.

True or False When data is electronically recorded, the process follows a programmed set of instructions built into the software, thereby cutting down substantially on collection error. To facilitate the data collection process, it is important that the data collection form is user-friendly and that the computer interface used for inputting the data is well-designed.

True The ease of use of the data collection tool and the design of the computer interface for inputting data affect the completeness, consistency, and accuracy of the resulting data.

True or False Artificial intelligence (AI) is a kind of health information-driven technology wherein Intelligent systems and technology use underlying trends or patterns to inform decision-making.

True The goal of effective AI should be to aid in decision-making, not replace the nurses' decision-making capacity.

Patients experience cognitive challenges as they get older. Cognitive challenges contribute to low health literacy. What is a strategy that can be implemented to advance health literacy, in spite of anticipated cognitive challenges in older adults? Provide audio information whenever possible. Limit distracting noises. Make information easy to see and read. Use plain language.

Use plain language. The use of plain language means stating the message in direct terms, avoiding the use of medical terminology, and using language at the fourth to sixth grade level.

A patient mentions to his nurse that with so much health information on the internet, he does not know what information is reliable and credible as opposed to what is not. Which professional advice would be best for this patient? RSS feeds are usually the most reliable forms of aggregated health information. Ask friends in the medical field what websites they trust and use for healthcare information. Healthcare information on the internet is reliable and credible if its source has a large following. When evaluating information quality, look for qualified, credible sources and specific details and dates that enable independent verification of information.

When evaluating information quality, look for qualified, credible sources and specific details and dates that enable independent verification of information. Verification of information is the most important way to determine whether information is reliable and credible. One way to verify information is by using the U.S. National Library of Medicine tutorials, which can help determine the validity of health information.

Submit and Compare One of the challenges in advancing health literacy is the lack of transparency in the US healthcare system. Explain the reasons why this issue is a challenge.

When patients are given options for the management of their healthcare, the cost of these options becomes a major factor that affects their decision-making. The lack of transparency related to the cost of healthcare, also known as the ability to "shop," makes it difficult for patients to make well-educated decisions that they are comfortable with.

In the DIKW framework, what is the level at which AI-driven predictive analytics is used to support decision-making by nurses? Information Wisdom Data Knowledge

Wisdom This is the level where the information the nurse is presented with is transformed into a clinical interpretation and judgment of care.