Database Final
Which of the following is not supported by API? Manage connections Prepare queries Execute queries Call stored procedures All of the above are supported
All of the above are supported
A ____ statement is an SQL statement that can be customized with parameter values retrieved from user input. customized parameterized prepared none of the above
prepared
____ statements are immune to most SQL injection attacks. customized parameterized prepared none of the above
prepared
Two popular types of imperative languages are
procedural and object-oriented
stored procedures
procedures are compiled by and stored in the database
____ are used to enforce business rules automatically as data is updated, inserted, and deleted. Function triggers stored triggers triggers none of the above
triggers
_____ do not contain control flow statements. declarative language imperative language none of the above
Declarative languages
____ languages contain control flow statements that determine the execution order of program steps Declarative Imperative None of the above
Imperative
T or F? The trigger body may be a simple or compound statement.
TRUE
A _____connect directly to the database driver driver manager application none of the above
application
Recovery system enforces
atomic and durable transaction
A stored procedure's body can contain only one SQL statement can contain one or more SQL statement must contain multiple SQL statements None of the above
can contain one or more SQL statements
object-oriented programming
combine data and procedures into classes.
Saving complete transaction in the database is called a
commit
A(n) ____ identifies the database address and provides logon credentials attach connection link none of the above
connection
Conflicting Schedules
contain the same transactions with some conflicting operations in different order
Equivalent schedules
contains the same transactions with conflicting operations in the same order
Developing applications using both SQL and a procedural or object-oriented language is called ____ database design database development database implementation database programming
database programming
SQL is the leading example of a(n) ____ language. declarative imperative none of the above
declarative
With_____language, the optimizer determines how to process a query declarative imperative none of the above
declarative
A ____ connects directly to the database driver driver manager application none of the above
driver
The ____ connects the application to the drivers a driver administrator driver manager driver supervisor none of the above
driver manager
SQL statements that are generated at run-time are called ____ SQL. run-time dynamic active none of the above
dynamic
The precompiler cannot compile ______ SQL statements.
dynamic
Atomic
either all or none of the operations are executed and applied to the database [partial or incomplete transaction, are rolled back]
____ codes SQL statements directly in a program written in another language. embedded SQL procedural SQL an application programing interface (API) none of the above (not)
embedded SQL
Programming languages fall into what two broad categories
imperative and declarative
Procedural languages and Object-oriented languages are declarative languages imperative languages none of the above
imperative languages
An SQL ____ attack is when a user intentionally enters values that alter the intent of an SQL statement. takeover injection modification none of the above
injection
shared variable
is a host language variable that appears in SQL statements
Lock
is a permission for one transaction to read or write data
A transaction
is a sequence of database operations that must be either completed or rejected as a whole
cursor
is an embedded SQL variable that identifies an individual row of a result table
Two-phase locking
is specific locking technique that ensures serializable transactions
Lock scope
is the collection of data reserved by a lock
Concurrency system enforces
isolated transactions
Procedural programming
languages contain control flow statements but no classes.
Declarative Language
languages do not explicitly specify how results are processed.
In a nonrecoverable schedule...
one or more transactions cannot be rolled back.
phantom read
one transactions inserts or deletes a table row that another transaction is reading
A(n) ____________ determines how to process statements in a declarative language.
optimizer/compiler
A transaction schedule
order of operations for multiple transactions
A stored procedure can be called from other stored procedures C, C++, Java, Python the database mgmt system's command line All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT specified in DSN when you develop a web page that connects to a database? DSN prefix such as mysql: for SQL Server or sqlserver: for SQL Server Database server's hostname or address Database server's port number Database name All of the above are specified DSN
All of the above are specified DSN
A connection is...
A connection is a communication link between a host program and a database server.
____ can call stored procedures using embedded SQL or built into an API. A hosted program Procedural SQL A server program None of the above
A hosted program
Imperative language
A language based on giving the computer commands or procedures to follow.
____ is a library of procedures or classes. The library links an application programming language to a computer service, such as a database Embedded SQL Procedural SQL An application programming interface (API) None of the above
An application programming interface (API)
Host Language
Any language that contains embedded SQL statements.
How many SQL statements must be in one transaction?
At least one
ACID stands for
Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
Embedded SQL is commonly supported in which language?
C
The ________ statement releases resources associated with a cursor.
CLOSE
A stored function is declared with a ____ statement. CREATE FUNCTION CREATE STORED FUNCTION DECLARE FUNCTION DECLARE STORED FUNCTION
CREATE FUNCTION
A stored procedure is declared with a _____ statement, CREATE PROCEDURE CREATE STORED PROCEDURE MAKE PROCEDURE -- MAKE STORE PROCEDURE
CREATE PROCEDURE
A stored procedure is declared with a ________________ statement
CREATE PROCEDURE
A trigger is created by the CREATE STORED TRIGGED CREATE TRIGGER MAKE TRIGGER MAKE STORED TRIGGER
CREATE TRIGGER
Which of the following is NOT a leading database API? ODBC -- JDBC DB-API ADO.NET -- All of the above are leading database APIs --
DB-API
The ________ statement associates a cursor name with a query
DECLARE
A ____ is a string containing database connection information Domain Server Name (DSN) Database Server Name (DSN) Data Source Name (DSN) None of the above
Data Source Name (DSN)
The ________ statement moves a cursor to the next row of a result table.
FETCH
T of F A connection consists of a database address only.
False
T or F Different database programming techniques cannot be combined in one application.
False
T or F The EXEC SQL keyword is used in procedural SQL.
False
A stored____is like a stored procedure that returns a single value action function routine none of the above
Function
A precompiler translates embedded SQL to:
Host language
After a transaction commits, the transaction can be rolled back: Always Sometimes Never
Never
The ________ statement executes a query.
OPEN
A(n) _______ statement must appear before an EXECUTE statement without the IMMEDIATE keyword.
PREPARE
________is the leading declarative language.
SQL
After a rollback, the database restarts a transaction: Always Sometimes Never
Sometimes
Statements that are written explicitly in program code are ______ SQL
Static
T or F All embedded SQL statements require an active connection.
True
T or F Each database connection consumes computer resources.
True
T or F Procedural SQL is specified in the SQL standard.
True
T or F Several connections can exist at the same time.
True
T or F? A trigger can retrieve the row's data value in the table prior to an update or delete operation and also after an insert or update operation
True
T or F? A trigger is initiated before or after an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement is executed on a table the trigger is created on.
True
T or F? Procedural SQL and APIs are often used together. A common database task is coded in an SQL procedure. The compiled procedure is called via an API and can be reused in many applications.
True
T or F? Procedural SQL languages differ significantly, depending on the database.
True
T or F? Stored functions are invoked within an SQL expression rather than with a CALL statement.
True
T or F? Stored functions behave like built-in SQL functions, such as COUNT(), SUM(), and AVG(). The only difference is that stored functions are defined by the programmer, while built-in functions are defined by the database.
True
Shared variables appear in an EXECUTE statement with the ______ clause.
USING
Lock manager is...
a component of the concurrency system that tracks, grants, and releases locks
Dirty read
a transaction can read data that is not yet committed
nonrepeatable read
a transaction repeatedly read changing data
Consistent
all rules governing data are valid when the transaction is committed
shared lock
allows a transaction to read, but not write, data.
Rejecting an incomplete transaction is called a
rollback
In a cascading schedule
rollback of one transaction forces rollback of other transactions.
In a strict schedule,
rollback of one transaction never forces rollback of other transactions.
SQL procedures are compiled by and stored in the database are called ____. stored procedures complied procedures SQL procedures None of the above
stored procedures
SQL procedures are compiled by and stored in the database are called ____. stored procedures complied procedures SQL procedures None of the above
stored procedures
Durable
transaction is permanently saved in the database once committed, regardless of system failures.
Isolated
transaction is processed without interference from other transactions
READ COMMITTED
transactions read only committed data
REPEATABLE READ
transactions read only committed data
READ UNCOMMITTED
transactions read uncommitted data
SERIALIZABLE
transactions run in a serializable schedule with concurrent transactions. Isolation is guaranteed.
precompiler
translates SQL statements into host language statements and function calls.
