Database Management Ch1
Hardware, software, people, procedures, data
Components of database system
exists when you can change the file structure without affecting the application's ability to access the data
Structural independence
when the same data is stored unecessarily at different places
Data redundancy
database supporting data located at a single site
Centralized database
spur of the moment question
Ad hoc query
improved data sharing, improved data security, better data integration, minimized data inconsistency, improved data access, improved decision making, increased end-user productivity
Advantages of DBMS
focus primarily on storing historical data and business metrics used exclusively for tactical or strategic decision making
Analytical databases
discipline that focuses on the proper generation, storage, and retrieval of data. Core activity for any business, government agency, service organization, or charity
Data Management
develops when not all of the required changes in the redundant data are made successfully. Update, insertion, deletion anomaly
Data anomaly
exists when the data type is changed and there is a need for all programs to conform to that data type. (decimals, integer)
Data dependence
used to store definitions of the data elements and their relationships (metadata), so that they can be easily looked up
Data dictionary
when different versions of the same data appear in different places
Data inconsistency
when you can change the data storage characteristics without affecting the program's ability to access the data
Data independence
condition in which all data in the database are consistent with real-world events and conditions. Data is accurate- no inconsistencies Data is verifiable- will always yield consistent results
Data integrity
person who creates computer based systems that would track data and produce required reports. Rather than using manual file systems
Data processing (DP) specialist
comprehensive approach to promoting the accuracy, validity, and timeliness of the data
Data quality
specialized database that stores data in a format optimized for decision support. Contains data from operational database and external resources
Data warehouse
shared, integrated computer structure that stores a collection of end-user data (raw facts of interest), and metadata (data about data)
Database
the activities that focus on the design of the database structure that will be used to store and manage end-user data
Database design
a collection of programs that manages the database structure and controls access to the data stored in the database
Database management systems (DBMS)
an organization of components that define and regulate the collection, storage, management, and use of data within a database environment
Database system
single user database that runs on a personal computer
Desktop database
contain data focused on specific subject areas. Used for academic or research purposes. Ex. medical databases storing confidential medical history
Discipline-specific databases
database that supports data distributed across several different sites
Distributed database
used by entire organization and supports many users across many departments
Enterprise database
special language used to represent and manipulate data elements in a textual format.
Extensible Markup Language (XML)
contain a wide variety of data used in multiple disciplines. Ex. ProQuest databases that contain newspaper, magazine, and journal articles for a variety of topics
General-purpose databases
scattered data locations
Islands of information
the body of information and facts about a specific subject
Knowledge
how the human being views the data
Logical data format
data about data through which data is integrated and shared
Metadata
supports multiple users at the same time
Multiuser database
new generation of database management systems that is not based on the traditional relational database model. Used to capture and manage social media data
NoSQL
set of tools that work together to provide an advanced data analysis environment, for retrieving, processing, and modeling data from the data warehouse. Developed in business intelligence
Online analytical processing (OLAP)
primarily supports a company's day-to-day operations. Also know as online transaction processing (OLTP), transactional or production database
Operational database
activities that make the database perform more efficiently in terms of storage and access speed
Performance tuning
how the computer must work with the data
Physical data format
collection, storage, aggregation, manipulation, dissemination, and management of data
Purpose of business information systems
specific request issued to the DBMS for data manipulation. A question. Result it called a query result set
Query
nonprocedural language. Lets the user specify what must be done without having to specify how
Query language
processed to some extent. Most data encountered. Ex. Web page data in prearranged format to convey some information
Semistructured data
database that supports only one user at a time.
Single-user database
Web and mobile technology that enable "anywhere, anytime" social interactions
Social media
access to a file is dependent on its structure. When modifying a field, then all other fields must be modified in order for the programs to work
Structural dependence
result of formatting unstructured data to facilitate storage, use, and the generation of information. Structure is applied based on the type of processing performed on the data
Structured data
de facto query language and data access standard supported by the majority of DBMS vendors
Structured query language (SQL)
poor data security, data inconsistency, data anomalies
Uncontrolled data redundancy results in
data that exist in their original raw state
Unstructured data
small number of users (fewer than 50) or specific department within an organization q
Workgroup database
supports the storage and management of semistructured XML data
XML database
raw facts
data
the result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning. requires context
information
