DBMS Assessment Exam
Suppose that Tiny College offers several courses; each course has several classes. It is possible for the department to create the entity COURSE first and then create the CLASS entity after making the teaching assignments. In this case, what cardinality will appear for CLASS in the ERD?
(0,N)
What cardinality is indicated by the Crow's Foot symbol that contains a line beside a crow's foot shape?
(1,N)
In the ERD, cardinality is indicated using the ____ format.
(min, max)
What is the ideal number of attributes used to make up a primary key?
1
In 1985, Dr. E. F. Codd published a list of ____ rules to define a relational database system.
12
The use of a(n) ____ relationship ensures that two entity sets are not placed in the same table when they should not be.
1:1
The preferred way to represent multivalued attributes in a DBMS is to create a new entity composed of the original multivalued attribute's components in a(n) ____ relationship with the original entity.
1:M
A table that has all key attributes defined, no repeating groups, and an identified primary key is said to be in ____.
1NF
All relational tables satisfy the ____ requirements.
1NF
From a structural point of view, 2NF is better than ____.
1NF
A table that is in 1NF and includes no partial dependencies is said to be in ____.
2NF
A table whose primary key consists of only a single attribute is automatically in ____ when it is in 1NF.
2NF
A table in ____ contains no transitive dependencies.
3NF
A table that is in 2NF and contains no transitive dependencies is said to be in ____.
3NF
Assume the following table definition and dependencies. In which normal form is this table? TABLE(A, B, C, D) A + B --> C, D C --> B
3NF
For most business database design purposes, ____ is as high as you need to go in the normalization process.
3NF
Most designers consider Boyce-Codd normal form (BCNF) as a special case of ____.
3NF
Tables in ____ will perform suitably in business transactional databases.
3NF
A table where all attributes are dependent on the primary key and are independent of each other, and no row contains two or more multivalued facts about an entity, is said to be in ____.
4NF
How many users does a workgroup database usually support?
50
What is a database request?
A single SQL statement in an application program or transaction.
The basic SQL aggregate function that gives the arithmetic mean for the specific column is ____.
AVG
____ requires that all operations of a transaction be completed; if not, the transaction is aborted.
Atomicity
The ____ operator is used to define a range limit.
BETWEEN
____ is/are SQL character data type(s).
CHAR & VARCHAR2
Some RDBMSs (like Oracle) will automatically ____ data changes when issuing data definition commands.
COMMIT
The SQL command that lets you save your work to disk is ____.
COMMIT
The ____ statement is used to end a successful transaction.
COMMIT
When a(n) ____ statement is reached, all changes are permanently recorded within the database.
COMMIT
When the end of a program is reached, all changes are permanently recorded within the database; this action is equivalent to issuing the ____ statement.
COMMIT
The basic SQL aggregate function that gives the number of rows containing non-null values for the given column is ____.
COUNT
Which attribute(s) make up the primary key in the table definition CLASS (CRS_CODE, CLASS_SECTION, CLASS_TIME, CLASS_ROOM, PROF_NUM)?
CRS_CODE and CLASS_SECTION
Dr. Codd's ____ rule is described as follows: The relational database may support many languages. However it must support one well- defined declarative language with support for data definition, view definition, data manipulation (interactive and by program), integrity constraints, authorization, and transaction management (begin, commit, and rollback).
Comprehensive Data Sublanguage
Which ERD design activity comes first?
Create a detailed narrative of the organization's description of operations.
Which command would be used to delete the table row where the P_CODE = '2238/QPD'?
DELETE FROM PRODUCT WHERE P_CODE = 'BRT-345';
A table can be deleted from the database by using the ____ command.
DROP
____ yields increased performance in a database system.
Denormalization
____ ensures that once transaction changes are done, they cannot be undone or lost, even in the event of a system failure.
Durability
The ____ operator is used to check whether an attribute has a value.
EXISTS
What is a key characteristic of knowledge?
"new" knowledge can be derived from "old" knowledge
What type of relationship is expressed with the phrase "Employee manages Store"?
1:1
What type of relationship is expressed with the phrase "Painter paints Painting"?
1:M
The ____ manages interaction between the end user and the database.
DBMS
The ____ receives all application requests and translates them into the complex operations required to fulfill requests.
DBMS
____ are considered database architects.
Database designers
The most widely used conceptual model is the ____ model.
ER
____ are the people who use application programs to run the organization's daily operations.
End users
Date attributes contain calendar dates stored in a special format known as the ____ date format.
Julian
What type of relationship is expressed with the phrase "Student takes Class"?
M:N
Which of the following products do not provide an enterprise database?
MS Access
A field that consists of values on which you can perform arithmetic operations is a ____ type field.
Numeric
Data ____ exists when the same data are stored unnecessarily at different places.
Structural
____ independence exists when it is possible to make changes in the file structure without affecting the application program's ability to access the data.
Structural
____ is the de facto query language and data access standard supported by the majority of DBMS vendors.
Structured Query Language
For most relational database software, the query language is ____.
Structured Query Language (SQL)
A way of classifying data models is by degree of ____.
abstraction
Processed data, or ____, can be used as the foundation for decision making.
information
Each row in the relational table is known as an entity ____.
instance
Which model operates at the lowest level of abstraction?
physical
When you can change the physical model without affecting the internal model, you have ____.
physical independence
Each table must have a ____ key.
primary
The DBMS allows the user to specify what must be done, without having to specify how it is to be done, by using a(n) ____.
query language
What is the name for an answer to a query that the DBMS sends back to the application?
query result set
The word ____ indicates that the facts have not yet been processed to reveal their meaning.
raw
All fields for a specific entity can be grouped together as a ____.
record
How is an entity represented in an ERD?
rectangle
A superkey is any key that uniquely identifies each ____.
row
Which query would be used to output the table contents where the value of V_CODE is equal to 21344?
SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_INDATE, P_PRICE, V_CODE FROM PRODUCT WHERE V_CODE = 21344;
What is the command to join the P_DESCRIPT and P_PRICE fields from the PRODUCT table and the V_NAME, V_AREACODE, V_PHONE and V_CONTACT fields from the VENDOR table where the values of V_CODE match?
SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_PRICE, V_NAME, V_CONTACT, V_AREACODE, V_PHONE FROM PRODUCT, VENDOR WHERE PRODUCT.V_CODE = VENDOR.V_CODE;
What is the command to join the P_DESCRIPT and P_PRICE fields from the PRODUCT table and the V_NAME, V_AREACODE, V_PHONE and V_CONTACT fields from the VENDOR table where the values of V_CODE match, and the output is ordered by P_PRICE?
SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_PRICE, V_NAME, V_CONTACT, V_AREACODE, V_PHONE FROM PRODUCT, VENDOR WHERE PRODUCT.V_CODE = VENDOR.V_CODE; ORDER BY P_PRICE;
Which command uses columns and column aliases to determine the total value of each of the products held on hand and display the results in a column labeled TOTVALUE?
SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_QOH, P_PRICE,P_QOH*P_PRICE AS TOTVALUE FROM PRODUCT;
Which command is used to select partial table contents?
SELECT columnlist FROM tablelist [WHERE conditionlist];
The Oracle RDBMS uses the ____ statement to declare a new transaction start and its properties.
SET TRANSACTION
The GROUP BY clause is valid only when used in conjunction with one of the ____ functions, such as COUNT, MIN, MAX, AVG, and SUM.
SQL aggregate
From an end-user perspective, any SQL-based relational database application involves three parts: a user interface, a set of tables stored in the database, and the ____.
SQL engine
The current fully approved version of standard SQL prescribed by the American National Standards Institute is ____.
SQL-2003
The basic SQL aggregate function that gives the total of all values for a selected attribute in a given column is ____.
SUM
Which property is especially important in a multiuser database?
Serializability
____ keys are usually numeric, they are often automatically generated by the DBMS, they are free of semantic content (they have no special meaning), and they are usually hidden from the end users.
Surrogate
The SQL command that enables you to make changes in the data is ____.
UPDATE
Which command would you use when changing the date in the PRODUCT table?
UPDATE PRODUCT SET P_INDATE = '18-JAN-2008' WHERE P_CODE = '13-Q2/P2';
What is the name for the most current version of class diagram notation?
Unified Modeling Language
Nulls, if used improperly, can create problems because they can represent ____.
a known, but missing, attribute value
Which of the following might be represented with a single-valued attribute?
a serial number
In a normalized database, what is represented by each table?
a single subject
The object-oriented model ____.
adds semantic content
A(n) ____ is an alternate name given to a column or table in any SQL statement.
alias
In sophisticated application development software, nulls can create problems when using functions such as: 1. COUNT 2. SUM 3. AVERAGE
all of the above
Which of the following is true of the entity integrity rule?
all primary key entries must be unique
What happens when you issue the DELETE FROM tablename command without specifying a WHERE condition?
all rows will be deleted
The network database models have ____.
an owner/member relationship that promotes database integrity
A table that displays data redundancies yields ____.
anomalies
A data ____ develops when all of the required changes in the redundant data are not made successfully.
anomaly
A ____ entity is composed of the primary keys of each of the entities to be connected.
associative
Recovery techniques are based on the ____ transaction property.
atomic
Improving ____ leads to more flexible queries.
atomicity
The normalization process involves assigning ____ to tables based on the concept of determination.
attributes
A ____ relationship exists when two entities are associated.
binary
A(n) ____ lock has only two states: locked (1) or unlocked (0).
binary
A(n) ____ of the overall database design is required to overcome the fact that data are viewed in different ways by different people.
blueprint
A(n) ____ is a brief, precise, and unambiguous description of a policy, procedure, or principle within a specific organization.
business rule
Connectivities and cardinalities are established by very concise statements known as ____.
business rules
A table where every determinant is a candidate key is said to be in ____.
candidate
BCNF can be violated only if the table contains more than one ____ key.
candidate
A superkey that does not contain a subset of attributes that is itself a superkey is called a ____.
candidate key
A multilevel ordered sequence is known as a ____ order sequence.
cascading
Which data model was developed most recently?
column store
A relation is a matrix consisting of a series of row and ____.
columns
A table can be logically connected to another table by defining a ____.
common attribute
A ____ attribute is an attribute that can be further subdivided to yield additional attributes.
composite
A ____ identifier is a key that is composed of more than one attribute.
composite
A primary key that consists of more than one attribute is called a ____ key.
composite
The bridge entity is also known as a ____ entity.
composite
The problems inherent in the many-to-many (M:N) relationship can easily be avoided by creating a ____ entity.
composite
A ____ key makes it more difficult to write search routines.
composite primary
The conflicts between design efficiency, information requirements, and performance are often resolved through ____.
compromises that may include denormalization
A(n) ____ model is independent of both hardware and software.
conceptual
In an ideal (database design) world, the level of desired granularity is determined at the ____ design or at the requirements gathering phase.
conceptual
The ____ model presents a global view of the entire database.
conceptual
The objective of ____ control is to ensure the serializability of transactions in a multiuser database environment.
concurrency
A ____ database state is one in which all data integrity constraints are satisfied.
consistent
The basic building blocks of all data models are entities, attributes, relationships, and ____.
constraints
John is working in the customer table and needs to know what customers are located in Florida. To find the information he would ____.
create a new query
The logical view of the relational database is facilitated by the ____.
creation of data relationships based on a construct known as a table
How is a derived attribute indicated in the Chen model?
dashed line
A raw fact such as a telephone number is known as ____.
data
Because all data access programs are subject to change when any of the file's data storage characteristics change (that is, changing the data type), the file system is said to exhibit ____.
data dependence
The ____ provides a detailed description of all tables found within the user/designer-created database.
data dictionary
Where does the DBMS store the definitions of data elements and their relationships?
data dictionary
Data redundancy produces ____.
data integrity problems
The ____ is a specialized database that stores data in a format optimized for decision support.
data warehouse
The design of a ____ database recognizes the use of historical and aggregated data.
data warehouse
Lower normalization forms occur (and are even required) in specialized databases known as ____.
data warehouses
A ____ system is composed of software, hardware, data, procedures and people.
database
Remember that the nature of the relationship is often determined by the ____, who must use professional judgment to determine which relationship type and strength best suit the database transaction, efficiency, and information requirements.
database designer
The term ____ refers to an organization of components that define and regulate the collection, storage, management, and use of data within a database environment.
database system
In a ____ lock, the entire database is locked, thus preventing the use of any tables in the database by transaction T2 while transaction Tl is being executed.
database-level
A database ____ is caused when two transactions wait for each other to unlock data.
deadlock
Two-phase locking guarantees serializability, but it does not prevent ____.
deadlocks
Assume that the following sequence of events occurs: T1 = access data items X and Y T2 = access data items Y and X This is called a(n) ____.
deadly embrace
In a(n) ____ update of the database, the transaction operations do not immediately update the physical database. Instead, only the transaction log is updated.
deferred
Storing a(n) ____ attribute in a table makes it easy to write the application software to produce the desired results.
derived
A database design must conform to ____ standards.
design
A single-user database that runs on a personal computer is called a(n) ____ database.
desktop
A ____ is any attribute whose value determines other values within a row.
determinant
In BCNF, every ____ in a table is a candidate key.
determinant
The key's role is based on a concept known as ____.
determination
Dependencies can be depicted with the help of a dependency ____.
diagram
A relational operator that yields all rows in one table that are not found in the other table is the ____ operator.
difference
A database that supports data distributed across several different sites is called a(n) ____ database.
distributed
The set of possible values for an attribute is a ____.
domain
If a ROLLBACK is issued before the termination of a transaction, the DBMS will restore the database only for that particular transaction, rather than for all transactions, to maintain the ____ of the previous transactions.
durability
One of the advantages of a relational data model is ____.
easier database design
A relationship is an association between ____.
entities
The existence of 1:1 relationships often indicates a misidentification of attributes as ____.
entities
A CUSTOMER ____ would be described by attributes such as customer last name, customer first name, customer phone, customer address, and customer credit limit.
entity
As a general rule, a noun in a business rule will translate into a(n) ____ in the model.
entity
Within a table, the primary key must be unique so that it will identify each row. When this is the case, the table is said to exhibit ____ integrity.
entity
A(n) ____ links tables on the basis of an equality condition that compares specified columns of each table.
equijoin
The referential integrity rule requires that ____.
every non-null foreign key value must reference an existing primary key value
Deadlocks are possible only when one of the transactions wants to obtain a(n) ____ lock on a data item.
exclusive
If an entity can exist apart from one or more related entities, it is said to be ____-independent.
existence
If an entity's existence depends on the existence of one or more other entities it is said to be ____-dependent.
existence
Which model represents the end users' view of the data environment?
external
A specific representation of an external view is known as a(n) ____.
external schema
The ____ lock allows concurrent transactions to access the same row as long as they require the use of different fields within that row.
field-level
Where was a traditional file system normally stored?
file cabinet
In a real-world environment, we must strike a balance between design integrity and ____.
flexibility
The one-to-many (1:M) relationship is easily implemented in the relational model by putting the primary key of the "1" side in the table of the "many" side as a ____ key.
foreign
The relational database makes it possible to control data redundancies by using common attributes that are shared by tables, called ____ keys.
foreign
In a relationship, when a primary key from one table is also defined in a second table, the field is referred to as a ____ in the second table.
foreign key
Raw data must be properly ____ for storage, processing, and presentation.
formatted
Traditionally, database designers relied on ____ to help them develop a good design.
good judgment
Lock ____ indicates the level of lock use.
granularity
Classes are organized as a class ____.
hierarchy
In the context of a database table, the statement "A determines B" indicates that ____.
if you know the value of attribute A you can look up the value of attribute B
Database models can be grouped into two categories: conceptual models and ____ models.
implementation
Data ____ exists when the same data are stored unnecessarily at different places.
inconsistent redundant data
Data ____ exists when it is possible to make changes in the data storage characteristics without affecting the application program's ability to access the data.
independence
A(n) ____ is an orderly arrangement used to logically access rows in a table.
index
Accurate, relevant, and timely ____ is the key to good decision making.
information
Each database request generates several ____.
input/output (I/O) operations
Wider access to well-managed data promotes a(n) ____ view of the organization's operations and a clearer view of the big picture.
integrated
All transactions are controlled and executed by the DBMS (subject to some limitations) to guarantee database ____.
integrity
Data ____ is defined as "the condition in which all of the data in the database are consistent with the real-world events and conditions."
integrity
A(n) ____ model maps the conceptual model to the DBMS.
internal
What is the fastest and most direct source of business rules?
interviews with end users
If several concurrent transactions are executed over the same data set and the second transaction updates the database before the first transaction is finished, the ____ property is violated and the database is no longer consistent.
isolation
The scheduler facilitates data ____ to ensure that two transactions do not update the same data element at the same time.
isolation
A table is in fourth normal form (4NF) if ____.
it is in 3NF and has no independent multivalued dependencies
The process of database design is ____.
iterative
A relational operator that allows for the combination of information from two or more tables is known as the ____ operator.
join
Another name for a prime attribute is a ____ attribute.
key
A ____ table is the implementation of a composite entity.
linking
The ORDER BY clause is especially useful when the ____ is important to you.
listing order
A(n)____ guarantees exclusive use of a data item to a current transaction.
lock
All lock information is managed by a ____, which is responsible for assigning and policing the locks used by the transactions.
lock manager
A DBMS uses a transaction ____ to keep track of all transactions that update the database.
log
Human beings view data according to its ____ data format.
logical
When designing a database you should ____.
make sure entities are in normal form before table structures are created
Knowing the ____ number of entity occurrences is very useful at the application software level.
maximum and minimum
The database may have to sacrifice some of its "clean" design structures and/or some of its high transaction speed to ensure ____.
maximum information generation
What is the name for data about data?
metadata
In the OO data model, a class ____ represents a real-world action such as finding a selected PERSON's name.
method
Data models were developed to ____.
model real-world objects or events
Uniqueness ensures that no equal time stamp values can exist, and ____ ensures that time stamp values always increase.
monotonicity
What type of attribute should not be implemented in a RDBMS?
multivalued
Within a table, each primary key value ____.
must be unique
A(n) ____ links tables by selecting only the rows with common values in their common attribute(s).
natural join
A derived attribute ____.
need not be physically stored within the database
What model requires the most detail in its internal model?
network
What is wrong with the following query? SELECT V_CODE, P_CODE, P_DESCRIPT, P_PRICE FROM PRODUCT GROUP BY V_CODE;
no aggregate function is used
A(n) ____ attribute is not part of a key.
nonprime
A(n) ____ allows the user to specify what must be done without specifying how it must be done.
nonprocedural language
Identification of the ____ will let you know where you are in the normalization process.
normal form
In the object-oriented data model (OODM), both data and their relationships are contained in a single structure known as a(n) ____.
object
Which data model contains the most semantics?
object-oriented
The hierarchical database model depicts a set of ____ relationships.
one-to-many
The ____ approach does not require locking or time stamping techniques.
optimistic
If no ____ symbol is depicted with an entity, the entity exists in a mandatory relationship with the related entity.
optionality
The term ____ is used to label any condition in which one or more optional relationships exist.
optionality
In a ____ lock, the DBMS will lock an entire diskpage.
page-level
The transaction log is a ____.
part of the database
Dependencies based on only a part of a composite primary key are called ____ dependencies.
partial
Which of the following should be a derived attribute?
person's age
Which of the following might be represented with a multivalued attribute?
person's educational background
Part of the data stored in the transaction log is a(n) ____ to the previous and next transaction log entries for the same transaction.
pointer
A null value is created or represented by ____.
pressing the Enter key without making a prior entry of any kind
The three basic techniques to control deadlocks are: deadlock ____, deadlock detection, and deadlock avoidance.
prevention
A candidate key that does not have a null value and is selected to uniquely identify all other attribute values in any given row is called a ____.
primary key
We can describe a link by observing that a ____.
primary key of one table appears again as a foreign key in a related table
An attribute that is part of a key is known as a(n) ____ attribute.
prime
A relational operator that yields all possible pairs of rows from two tables is known as the ____ operator.
product
A relational operator that yields all values for selected attributes is known as the ____ operator.
project
A ____ relationship is one in which a relationship can exist between occurrences of the same entity set.
recursive
If a foreign key contains either matching values or nulls, the table(s) that make use of such a foreign key is/are said to exhibit ____ integrity.
referential
The ____ model views the data as part of a table or collection of tables in which all key values must be identified.
relational
If any of the SQL statements in a transaction fail, the entire transaction is ____ to the original database state that existed before the transaction started.
rolled back
Although the ____ locking approach improves the availability of data, its management requires high overhead.
row-level
With a ____ lock, the DBMS allows concurrent transactions to access different rows of the same table even when the rows are located on the same page.
row-level
The ____ is a special DBMS program that establishes the order in which the operations within concurrent transactions are executed.
scheduler
Within the network model, the ____ is the conceptual organization of the entire database as viewed by the database administrator.
schema
A ____ key is defined as a key that is used strictly for data retrieval purposes.
secondary
A ____ key's effectiveness in narrowing down a search depends on how restrictive it is.
secondary
A ____ is the equivalent of a file system's record type.
segment
A relational operator that yields values from all rows found in a table is known as the ____ operator.
select
To implement a surrogate key, MS Access uses an AutoNumber data type, MS SQL Server uses an identity column, and Oracle uses a(n) ____ object.
sequence
The main database transaction properties are atomicity, consistency, durability, isolation, and ____.
serializability
The hierarchical model depicts a(n) ____ of one-to-many relationships.
set
A record consists of a ____.
set of one or more fields
A(n) ____ lock exists when concurrent transactions are granted read access on the basis of a common lock.
shared
A ____ attribute is an attribute that cannot be subdivided.
simple
A ____ attribute is an attribute that can have only one value.
single-valued
Database management systems, operating systems, applications and utilities are all examples of ____.
software
In the Crow's Foot model, the composite entity is identified by the ____ relationship line between the parent and child entities.
solid
The Crow's Foot model depicts the strong (identifying) relationship with a ____ line between the entities.
solid
An ad hoc query is a ____.
spur-of-the-moment question
Another word for an existence-independent entity is a ____ entity.
strong
A ____ functionally determines all of the row's attributes.
superkey
An attribute (or combination of attributes) that uniquely identifies each entity in a table is called a ____.
superkey
A ____ key is an artificial PK introduced by the designer with the purpose of simplifying the assignment of primary keys to tables.
surrogate
In a database context, a(n) ____ is the opposite of a homonym and indicates the use of different names to describe the same attribute.
synonym
The ____ can be described as a detailed system data dictionary that describes all objects within the database, including data about table names, the table's creator and creation date, the number of columns in each table, the data type corresponding to each column, index filenames, index creators, authorized users, and access privileges.
system catalog
Another word for the term "relation" is ____.
table
A relational database is a collection of ____.
tables
A ____ relationship exists when three entities are associated.
ternary
When loading data into two entities with a 1:M relationship, how should the data be loaded?
the 1 side must be loaded first
What modern development gave the use of complex objects a boost?
the Internet
Cardinality expresses ____ number of entity occurrences associated with one occurrence of the related entity.
the minimum and maximum
Data processing (DP) specialists are in existence because of ____.
the need to track data and produce required reports
Data management is a discipline that focuses on ____.
the proper generation, storage, and retrieval of data
What is a benefit of using a DBMS?
they help create an environment for end users to have access to more data
Given the following table definition, how many tables would be produced by the conversion to 2NF? 1NF (PROJ_NUM, EMP_NUM, PROJ_NAME, EMP_NAME, JOB_CLASS, CHG_HOURS, ASSIGN_HOURS)
three
. In database terms, a(n) ____ is any action that reads from and/or writes to a database.
transaction
Another name for a production database is a ____ database.
transactional
A 2NF table can exhibit ____ dependency.
transitive
Activities that make the database perform more efficiently in terms of storage and access speed are known as performance ____.
tuning
Assume the following table definition and dependencies. How many tables would be produced by converting to BCNF? TABLE(STU_ID, STAFF_ID, CLASS_CODE, ENROLL_GRADE) STU_ID + STAFF_ID --> CLASS_CODE, ENROLL_GRADE CLASS_CODE --> STAFF_ID
two
Each table is perceived as a ____.
two-dimensional structure
A ____ relationship exists when an association is maintained within a single entity.
unary
After a server failure, Oracle automatically rolls back ____ transactions and rolls forward transactions that were committed but not yet written to the physical database.
uncommitted
The phenomenon of ____ data occurs when two transactions, T1 and T2, are executed concurrently and the first transaction (T1) is rolled back after the second transaction (T2) has already accessed the data—thus violating the isolation property of transactions.
uncommitted
In an ER diagram identifiers are indicated by ____.
underlining
A ____ index is an index in which the index key can have only one pointer value (row) associated with it.
unique
XML databases have emerged to address the need to manage ____ data within the native XML format.
unstructured
Assume you have the following table: JOB_CODE 511 512 JOB_DESCRIPTION Programmer Programmer JOB_CHG_HOUR $35.75 $35.75 How might you eliminate the possibility of duplicate entries for JOB_DESCRIPTION?
use a unique index for JOB_DESCRIPTION
Unnormalized tables yield no simple strategies for creating virtual tables, which are also known as ____.
views
Using the ____ scheme for time stamping concurrency control, if the transaction requesting the lock is the older of the two transactions, it will wait until the other transaction is completed and the locks are released.
wait/die
A ____ entity has a primary key that is partially or totally derived from the parent entity in the relationship.
weak
A(n) ____ entity is existence-dependent.
weak
A(n) ____ relationship is also known as a non-identifying relationship.
weak
When the PK of a related entity does not contain a PK component of the parent entity, the relationship is ____.
weak
According to the ANSI SQL standard, when does a transaction begin?
when the first SQL statement is encountered
In the ____ scheme for time stamping concurrency control, the older transaction rolls back the younger transaction and reschedules it.
wound/wait
The ____ protocol ensures that transaction logs are always written before any database data are actually updated.
write-ahead-log
When the recovery procedure uses ____, the database is immediately updated by transaction operations during the transaction's execution, even before the transaction reaches its commit point.
write-through
Which DBMS does not support transaction management by default?
MS Access
____ attributes are attributes that can have several values.
Multivalued
Data are classified according to their format and function and consist of ____.
Numeric, Character, Date, and Logical
____ participation means that one entity occurrence does not require a corresponding entity occurrence in a particular relationship.
Optional
____ are especially useful when you are trying to determine what value(s) in related tables cause(s) referential integrity problems.
Outer joins
____ locks are currently the most frequently used multiuser DBMS locking method.
Page-level
____ are the instructions and rules that govern the design and use of the database system.
Procedures
When a program is abnormally terminated, the equivalent of a ____ command occurs.
ROLLBACK
Which command is used to restore the table contents?
ROLLBACK;
____ deals with fixing the database after a failure such as a disk or power failure.
Recovery
The SQL command used to list the contents of a table is ____.
SELECT
To list all the contents of the PRODUCT table you would use ____.
SELECT * FROM PRODUCT;
What command is used to list a unique value for Vendor Code (V_CODE), where the list will produce only a list of those values that are different from one another?
SELECT DISTINCT V_CODE FROM PRODUCT;
What is an example of a recursive query?
SELECT E.EMP_MGR, M.EMP_LNAME, E.EMP_NUM, E.EMP_LNAME FROM EMP E, EMP M WHERE E.EMP_MGR=M.EMP_NUM ORDER BY E.EMP_MGR;
What is the SQL command to output the contents of the Employee table sorted by last name, first name, and initial?
SELECT EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL, EMP_AREACODE, EMP_PHONE FROM EMPLOYEE ORDER BY EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL;
What is the command used to list the P_CODE, P_DESCRIPT, P_INDATE, and P_PRICE fields from the PRODUCT table in ascending order by P_PRICE?
SELECT P_CODE, P_DESCRIPT, P_INDATE, P_PRICE FROM PRODUCT ORDER BY P_PRICE;
Which query would be used to output the table contents where the value of the character field P_CODE is 1558-QW1?
SELECT P_CODE, P_DESCRIPT, P_QOH, P_MIN, P_PRICE FROM PRODUCT WHERE P-CODE = '1558-QW1';
Which MS Access query command will list all the rows in which the inventory stock dates occur on or after January 20, 2006?
SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_HAND, P_MIN, P_PRICE, P_INDATE FROM PRODUCT WHERE P_INDATE >= #20-JAN-08#;
Which query would be used to output the table contents where the value of V_CODE is less than or equal to 21344?
SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_INDATE, P_PRICE, V_CODE FROM PRODUCT WHERE V_CODE <=21344;
Which query would be used to output the table contents where the value of V_CODE is not equal to 21344?
SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_INDATE, P_PRICE, V_CODE FROM PRODUCT WHERE V_CODE <> 21344;
What is the SQL syntax to list the table contents for either V_CODE = 21344 or V_CODE = 24288?
SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_INDATE, P_PRICE, V_CODE FROM PRODUCT WHERE V_CODE = 21344 OR V_CODE = 24288;
In Oracle, the ____ command is used to place a $ in front of a numeric value.
FORMAT
To join tables, you simply list the tables in the ____ clause of the SELECT statement.
FROM
____ refers to the level of detail represented by the values stored in a table's row.
Granularity
When using GROUP BY, ____ operates like the WHERE clause in the SELECT statement.
HAVING
Many queries that would require the use of the logical OR can be more easily handled with the help of the special operator ____.
IN
The SQL command that lets you insert data into a table is ____.
INSERT
The ____ operator is used to check whether an attribute value is null.
IS NULL
____ occur when a transaction calculates some summary (aggregate) functions over a set of data while other transactions are updating the data.
Inconsistent retrievals
____ can be used by a DBMS to retrieve data ordered by a specific attribute or attributes.
Indexes
____ means that the data used during the execution of a transaction cannot be used by a second transaction until the first one is completed.
Isolation
Which of the following would be the best name for a column representing the charges per hour in a table named JOB?
JOB_CHG_HOUR
Assume you have the following table definition: 1NF (PROJ_NUM, EMP_NUM, PROJ_NAME, EMP_NAME, JOB_CLASS, CHG_HOURS, HOURS). Identify a transitive dependency.
JOB_CLASS --> CHG_HOURS
The ____ operator is used to find a character string that matches a given string pattern.
LIKE
The ____ function is used to find the highest value in a table column.
MAX
