DE AMERICAN HISTORY 2: Chapter 26

Mao Zedong

(1893-1976) Leader of the Communist Party in China that overthrew Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists. Established China as the People's Republic of China and ruled from 1949 until 1976.

John Birch Society

- An anticommunist organization comprised of Conservative members who disdained containment - Its leader was Robert Welch

What did Stalin do to alarm Roosevelt after the Yalta Conference?

- He moved to establish pro-communist governments in Central and Eastern European nations. - He refused to make changes in Poland that Roosevelt believed that he had agreed to.

The Marshall Plan was motivated, in part, by which of the following?

- a desire to improve the market for U.S. exports - a desire to ensure that Europe would not be an economic - - - drain on the United States - humanitarian concern

What did the Truman Doctrine do?

- established the policy of containment an effort to contain the spread of communism throughout the nations of the world. - in the same speech he requested $400 million for aid to Greece and Turkey, which Congress quickly approved

The Marshall Plan

- helped spark a substantial economic recovery in Europe - channeled $13 billion of American aid int Europe - By the end of 1950 European industrial production had risen 64 percent

The administration of Chinese leader Chiang Kai-shek was known for its ______.

- lack of popular support - corruption - hostility toward Mao Zedong

NSC-68

A National Security Council document, approved by President Truman in 1950, developed in response to the Soviet Union's growing influence and nuclear capability; it called for an increase in the US conventional and nuclear forces to carry out the policy of containment - called for sharing the military burden of protecting the Western nations. It must move on its own to stop communist expansion virtually anywhere it occurred, regardless of the intrinsic strategic or economic value of the lands in question. To make this happen, the document called for a permanent expansion of American military power, with a defense budget almost four times the previously projected figure.

Cold War

A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years.

What was agreed to at the Tehran Conference in November 1943?

Franklin Roosevelt promised an Anglo-American second front would be established within six months.

What hampered Truman's ability to "get tough" with the Soviets after assuming office?

He had little leverage over Russia and was unable to enter into a renewed conflict in Europe.

How did NSC-68 reflect a change in U.S. policy from the initial statements of the containment doctrine?

It removed any limits to the execution of the containment policy.

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

Military alliance created on April 4, 1949 made up of 12 non-Communist countries including the United States that support each other if attacked.

China Lobby

People who wanted a third independent force in China with the hope it would become a pro-western nation in Asia.

What did "containment" mean for U.S. foreign policy at the end of 1945

Rather than attempting to create a unified world or destroy communism where it already existed, the Unite States and its Allies would work to prevent Soviet expansion

For Stalin's renewed promise to enter the Pacific War, what did Roosevelt promise?

The Soviet Union could receive some of the Pacific Territory that Russia lost in the 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War

What difference between the U.S. and Soviet Union sparked the Cold War

The ways the two powers envisioned the postwar world which eventually became out dated after WW11 US: wanted a world in which nations abandoned their traditional beliefs in military alliances and spheres of influence and governed their relations with one another through democratic processes Soviet Union (and partly Great Britain): tended to envision a postwar structure vaguely similar to the traditional European balance of power in which the great powers would control areas of strategic interest to them.

In the postwar period, the Soviet Union wanted to control Central and Eastern Europe and use the region as a protective buffer against the West.

True

In what two countries did Stalin try to force communist ideals

Turkey and Greece

When did the U.S.'s alliance with the Soviet Union become strained

When Roosevelt and Churchill met in Casablanca,Morocco to discuss Allied strategy. The leaders would not accept Stalin's demand to immediately open the a second front in Western Europe to help the Soviet Red Army fight off a German invasion. The leaders did however agree to not isolate the Soviet Union against Germany for seperate means of peace.

What did the Soviet Union create in Response to the creation of NATO

an alliance of their own with the communist government in Eastern Europe formalized in 1955 by the Warsaw Pact

Truman supported the corrupt and incompetent government of Chiang Kai-shek because ______.

he was afraid of a communist takeover of China

What was the outcome of the Truman Doctrine?

helped reduce Soviet pressure on Turkey and helped the Greek government defeat the communist insurgents.

The United Nations Security Council, which was created at the Yalta conference, was to include permanent representatives from which five nations?

the United States, Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and China

In the years following the war, the United States policy in Asia encouraged ______.

the rapid economic growth of Japan

Containment was criticized by conservatives for being ______.

too weak a response