DE Psych 11-12
In the context of social influence, Solomon Asch's experiment demonstrates ______.
Conformity
Which of the following statements best defines conformity?
A change in a person's behavior to coincide more closely with a group standard
All of the following are symptoms of major depressive disorder EXCEPT ______________.
A history of manic episodes
Deficits in the functioning of the _____ are associated with aggression.
Frontal lobes
_____ refers to the processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others.
Person perception
_____ is an anxiety disorder in which an individual has an intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in public.
Social phobia
_____ is the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people.
Social psychology
The _____ approach is evident in the medical model.
Biological
Which of the following statements about panic disorder is FALSE?
American men are twice as likely as American women to be diagnosed with panic disorder.
A fear becomes a phobia when __________.
An individual will go to any length to avoid the object of the fear
_____ has the highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder.
Anorexia nervosa
_____ is a psychological disorder, commonly diagnosed in childhood, in which an individual exhibits one or more of the following symptoms: a lack of concentration, excitability, and impulsivity.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
_____ is based on a person's desire to be liked by a group.
Normative social influence
The process by which we come to understand the causes of others' behavior is known as ________.
Attribution
_____ is the psychological discomfort caused by two inconsistent thoughts.
Cognitive dissonance
The Stanford prison experiment provides a dramatic example of how social situations and the roles we take on in life can influence _______.
Deindividuation
_____ involve a sudden loss of memory or change in identity.
Dissociative disorders
_____ is the most dramatic, least common, and most controversial dissociative disorder.
Dissociative identity disorder
_____ means helping another person for personal gain, such as to feel good, or avoid guilt.
Egoism
According to social exchange theory, the most important predictor of relationship success is ____________.
Equity
The tendency to favor one's own cultural group over other groups is called ________.
Ethnocentrism
Individuals with bulimia nervosa tend to have _____ of perfectionism and _____ of self-efficacy.
High levels/low levels
When members of a group know something that a person doesn't, the person will follow the group to be right. This explains the concept of ________.
Informational social influence
According to attribution theory, attributions vary along which of the following dimensions?
Internal/external causes
According to the National Institute of Mental Health, the leading cause of disability in the United States is ________.
Major depressive disorder
In a(n) _____, a person experiences recurrent, sudden onsets of intense terror, often without warning and with no specific cause.
Panic disorder
_____ are favorable views of the self that are not necessarily rooted in reality.
Positive illusions
The area of social psychology that explores how people select, interpret, remember, and use social information is called _______.
Social cognition
For a person to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD), he or she must have experienced a significant depressive episode and depressed characteristics, such as lethargy and hopelessness, for at least ________.
Two weeks
_____ is an OCD-related disorder that involves a distressing preoccupation with imagined or slight flaws in one's physical appearance.
Body dysmorphic disorder
Which of the following was formerly called multiple personality disorder?
Dissociative identity disorder
_____ is a common negative symptom of schizophrenia, which means the display of little or no emotion.
Flat affect
_____ refers to a psychological state in which an individual feels overexcited and unrealistically optimistic.
Mania
Depressed people tend to have fewer receptors of the neurotransmitters _______.
Serotonin and norepinephrine
Which of the following theories best explains why individuals like to think of their group as an in-group?
Social identity theory
A _____ is a generalization about a group's characteristics that does not consider any variations from one individual to another.
Stereotype
_____ is an individual's fast-acting, self-fulfilling fear of being judged based on a negative idea about his or her group.
Stereotype threat
_____ are people's opinions and beliefs about other people, objects, and ideas, and how they feel about the world.
Attitudes
Genetic factors are stronger predictors of _____ than of _____.
Bipolar disorder/depressive disorders
_____ is characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and of marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in various contexts.
Borderline personality disorder
Drug companies commonly fund research that focuses on a(n) _____ model of psychological disorders.
Disease
_____ refers to rationalizing the amount of work we put into getting something by increasing its value.
Effort justification
_____ is reflected in a person's conscious and openly shared attitude, which might be measured using a questionnaire, whereas _____ refers to attitudes that exist on a deeper, hidden level, thus they must be measured with a method that does not require awareness.
Explicit racism/implicit racism
All of the following are symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder EXCEPT __________.
Feeling emotionally charged
_____ are sensory experiences in the absence of real stimuli. _____ are false, unusual, and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual's culture.
Hallucinations/Delusions
A depressive disorder is classified as a(n) _____ disorder.
Mood
A classic series of experiments by Stanley Milgram demonstrated the profound effect of __________.
Obedience
The mere exposure effect provides one possible explanation for why _____ increases attraction.
Proximity
_____ is a severe psychological disorder that is characterized by highly disordered, psychotic thought processes.
Schizophrenia
The volunteer participants in Solomon Asch's experiment on conformity conformed to group pressure to select the incorrect answer approximately _____ percent of the time.
35
_____ is an eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.
Anorexia nervosa
_____ is a mood disorder that is characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania, an overexcited, unrealistically optimistic state.
Bipolar disorder
In attribution theory, the person who offers a causal explanation of the actor's behavior is called the _____________.
Observer
The _____ was published in 1952 by the American Psychiatric Association for the major classification of psychological disorders in the United States.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
The _____ is a theory suggesting that preexisting conditions, such as genetic characteristics, personality dispositions, or experiences, put a person at risk of developing a psychological disorder.
Diathesis-stress model
_____ is a depressive disorder in children who show persistent irritability and recurrent episodes of out-of-control behavior.
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
_____ are recurrent thoughts, and _____ are recurrent behaviors.
Obsessions/compulsions
The anxiety disorder in which the individual has anxiety-provoking thoughts that will not go away and/or urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce some future situation is called ________.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Behavior that is meant to harm the social standing of another person through activities such as gossiping and spreading rumors is known as ________.
Relational aggression
_____ theory is Daryl Bem's take on how behaviors influence attitudes.
Self-perception
_____ refers to the tendency to take credit for one's own successes and to deny responsibility for one's own failures.
Self-serving bias
The process by which individuals evaluate their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and abilities in relation to others is known as ______.
Social comparison
The effects of others on our behavior can take the form of _____, imitative behavior involving the spread of behavior, emotions, and ideas.
Social contagion
According to _____, social relationships involve an exchange of goods, the objective of which is to minimize costs and maximize benefits.
Social exchange theory
According to _____, the most important predictor of relationship success is having both partners feel that each is doing his or her "fair share".
Social exchange theory
_____ refers to the way individuals define themselves in terms of their group membership.
Social identity
An important feature of optimal intergroup contact that involves working together on a shared goal is known as ______.
Task-oriented cooperation
_____ is a psychological disorder characterized by guiltlessness, law-breaking, exploitation of others, irresponsibility, and deceit.
Antisocial personality disorder
The _____ of schizophrenia are marked by a distortion or an excess of normal function, whereas the _____ reflect social withdrawal, behavioral deficits, and the loss or decrease of normal functions.
Positive symptoms/negative symptoms
The tendency for a group decision to be riskier than the average decision made by the individual group members is known as _______.
Risky shift
_____ involves strong components of sexuality and infatuation, and is often predominant in the early part of a love relationship.
Romantic love
When individuals desire to have another person near and have a deep, caring affection for the person, they are displaying ______.
Affectionate love
The _____ approach to psychological disorders primarily focuses on the brain, genetic factors, and neurotransmitter functioning as the sources of abnormality.
Biological
_____ is an eating disorder in which an individual, typically female, consistently follows a binge-and-purge eating pattern.
Bulimia nervosa
The most common compulsion exhibited by individuals who have obsessive-compulsive disorder is excessive __________.
Cleansing
The reduction in personal identity and erosion of the sense of personal responsibility when one is part of a group is known as _______.
Deindividuation
_____ is an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life.
Depression
The _____ is the overestimation of the degree to which everybody else thinks or acts the way we do.
False consensus effect
The tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the external situation and overestimate the impact of inner traits when they seek explanations of another person's behavior is called ______.
Fundamental attribution error
_____ refers to the impaired decision making that occurs in a team when making the right decision is less important than maintaining harmony.
Groupthink
Attributions that include causes inside and specific to a person, such as his or her traits and abilities, are called ________.
Internal attributions
The Americans with Disabilities Act ____________.
Made it illegal to discriminate against a person with a psychological disorder in the workplace when the person's condition does not prevent performance of the job's essential functions.
With respect to the three characteristics of abnormal behavior, when a behavior interferes with a person's ability to function effectively in the world, it is considered _________.
Maladaptive
Depressive disorders are _____, whereas bipolar disorder is _____.
More common among women/equally common in men and women
Dissociative disorders often occur in individuals who also show signs of __________.
Post-traumatic stress disorder
_____ is an unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on the individual's membership in a group.
Prejudice
_____ refers to a psychological state in which a person's perceptions and thoughts are fundamentally removed from reality.
Psychosis
The hormone that is typically implicated in aggressive behavior is ______.
Testosterone
Which theoretical approach emphasizes the contributions of experiences, thoughts, emotions, and personality characteristics in explaining psychological disorders?
The psychological approach
