Death and Dying Final Exam

What would be an appropriate response to a person nearing death who says, "When will I be able to see the ocean again?" a. "What do you like about being at the ocean?" b. "The ocean will always be there in heaven." c. "Maybe we'll go tomorrow. Just rest for now." d. "That's not likely because you'll die soon."

a. "What do you like about being at the ocean?"

What are the odds that a person in the United States will die while in a long-term care facility? a. 2 in 10 b. 1 in 10 c. 5 in 10 d. 6 in 10

a. 2 in 10

How many people who die in the United States are cremated? a. About half b. About a third c. A small percentage d. Nearly two-thirds

a. About half

What term describes a relationship through which an individual satisfies fundamental needs? a. Attachment b. Affinity c. Bond d. Linkage

a. Attachment

A caretaker who practices detached concern with someone who is dying will demonstrate which of the following? a. Balance b. Distance c. Ambivalence d. Objectivity

a. Balance

Someone who dies in America will most likely have their remains disposed of in which manner? a. Burial b. Chemical cremation c. Traditional cremation d. Entombment

a. Burial

What is the most important thing someone can offer a person who is coping with dying? a. Compassion b. Love c. Advice d. Laughter

a. Compassion

Which of the following is at the core of bereavement? a. Deprivation b. Renewal c. Pain d. Sorrow

a. Deprivation

How would psychologists generally describe a person's grief over the death of someone? a. Healthy b. Disordered c. Traumatic d. Depressive

a. Healthy

Where do the majority of hospice clients receive services? a. In the home b. In a nursing home c. In a hospice facility d. In a hospital

a. In the home

Who is most likely to be a resident at a long-term care facility? a. Millie, a Caucasian woman b. Albert, a Caucasian man c. Debra, an African American woman d. Ron, an African American man

a. Millie, a Caucasian woman

Which term best describes the approach of a person who is coping with dying? a. Multidimensional b. Social c. Familial d. Individualistic

a. Multidimensional

Which awareness context of dying reflects the least amount of honesty among people involved? a. Mutual pretense b. Closed awareness c. Suspected awareness d. Open awareness

a. Mutual pretense

A person who experiences complicated grief is most likely to demonstrate which of the following? a. No effort or capacity to move past the loss b. Absence of grief followed by intense grief c. Outbursts of self-destructive behaviors d. Irrational phobia of dying in a similar manner

a. No effort or capacity to move past the loss

Which of the following identifies a situation as being stressful? a. Perception b. Physiology c. Society d. Anxiety

a. Perception

Miguel's family is a little surprised at the morbid death jokes he's been making since he got a diagnosis of terminal cancer. They can't understand why he thinks the situation is funny when their hearts are breaking. What is Miguel engaged in? a. Reaction-focused coping b. Problem-focused coping c. Appraisal-focused coping d. Task-focused coping

a. Reaction-focused coping

Which phase of living with a life-threatening illness is most associated with transformation? a. Recovery b. Terminal c. Acute d. Chronic

a. Recovery

Which of the following reflects the role of theories regarding how people cope with dying? a. Strengths and limitations b. Falsehoods and suggestions c. Truths and roadmaps d. Opinions and processes

a. Strengths and limitations

A person who wants to be cured of a particular disease would be best served by ________. a. checking into a hospital b. arranging for hospice care c. securing long-term care d. hiring home-health care

a. checking into a hospital

In the context of confirming the implications of death, some people feel that American practices of making up the deceased's face and presenting the body in a satin-lined ornate coffin is ________. a. counterproductive b. disrespectful c. traumatizing d. effective

a. counterproductive

Elisabeth Kubler-Ross considered the different stages in her model of dying to be ________. a. defense mechanisms b. existential lessons c. developmental crises d. psychological tasks

a. defense mechanisms

In the context of caring for a person who is dying, in order to be effective, communication must be ________. a. responsive b. delicate c. timely d. therapeutic

a. responsive

How long do hospice programs offer bereavement services to family members following the death of a client? a. About three months b. About one year c. About six months d. About two years

b. About one year

Which term best reflects the staff and volunteers in a hospice situation? a. Triage b. Community c. Team d. Counselors

b. Community

What is a key factor in the expansion of home health care programs over the past few decades? a. Outcomes b. Economics c. Liability d. Resources

b. Economics

Which of the following was NOT identified as a key issue in 1970s studies conducted on services provided to people who were dying? a. Responsiveness b. Families c. Resources d. Pain

b. Families

According to the founder of the modern hospice movement, which of the following is NOT a common request of people who are dying? a. Help me. b. Forgive me. c. Don't leave me. d. Listen to me.

b. Forgive me.

Which of the following best reflects the relationship of hospice care and palliative care? a. Palliative care is a type of hospice care. b. Hospice care is a type of palliative care. c. Hospice care and palliative care are the same. d. Hospice care and palliative care are unrelated.

b. Hospice care is a type of palliative care.

Javon, who is dying of a rare genetic disease, says things like, "Why was I born with something that would kill me? What is the purpose? How can the universe work that way?" Which term best describes Javon's questions? a. Probing b. Hypothetical c. Unnecessary d. Illogical

b. Hypothetical

What is considered a key problem with the concept of "working through" one's grief? a. It reduces grief to a set of tasks. b. It implies an end point to grief. c. It ignores clear stages of grief. d. It rejects outside support in grief.

b. It implies an end point to grief.

How does the response to losing someone in a fire or plane crash differ from losing someone to a long-term illness? a. It is more spiritual. b. It is more intense. c. It is more pathological. d. It is more complicated.

b. It is more intense.

Who has demonstrated the greatest acceptance of the stage-based model of dying? a. Caregivers b. Laypeople c. Philosophers d. Psychologists

b. Laypeople

Which term best reflects the type of services provided at long-term care facilities? a. Curative b. Maintenance c. End-of-life d. Psychosocial

b. Maintenance

Which of the following is a suitable pain-management option for a dying person who suffers from severe chronic pain? a. Ibuprofen b. Morphine c. Demerol d. Tramadol

b. Morphine

Which of the following can be considered the most environmentally responsible method of disposition? a. Flameless cremation b. Natural burial c. In-ground burial d. Cremation

b. Natural burial

What is the focus of Worden's second task in mourning? a. Shock b. Pain c. Acceptance d. Adjustment

b. Pain

What do rituals offer people in times of crisis? a. Opportunity b. Structure c. Perspective d. Distraction

b. Structure

Which term best reflects the concept of pain? a. Chronic b. Subjective c. Somatic d. Clinical

b. Subjective

How does a memorial service primarily differ from a funeral? a. There is no religious aspect to memorial services. b. The body is not present at a memorial service. c. Memorial services are only held for dignitaries. d. A memorial service occurs one year after death.

b. The body is not present at a memorial service.

Rather than being buried, Brooke made arrangements for her ashes to be scattered in the ocean after she dies, because she wants her spirit to travel on currents and spread across the entire world. What type of task is Brooke's request focused on? a. Meaningfulness b. Transcendence c. Richness d. Connectedness

b. Transcendence

According to Parkes's phase-based theory, what is the second phase of the mourning process? a. Conservation and withdrawal b. Yearning and searching c. Disorganization and despair d. Shock and numbness

b. Yearning and searching

The term for when a person tries to maintain hope and control emotions when facing a distressing situation is ________. a. cognitive redefinition b. affective regulation c. resigned acceptance d. mental preparation

b. affective regulation

The majority of hospice programs in the United States are _______. a. nonprofit organizations b. for-profit organizations c. government organizations d. public-private partnerships

b. for-profit organizations

Multiple evaluations of hospice programs identified all of the following outcomes EXCEPT ________. a. lower costs b. higher cure rates c. longer survival times d. higher client satisfaction

b. higher cure rates

The dual process model of coping with death states that a grieving person moves back and forth between ________. a. denial and acceptance b. loss and restoration c. accommodation and assimilation d. adjustment and resistance

b. loss and restoration

When someone close to us dies, that is classified as a ________ loss. a. visceral b. primary c. profound d. traumatic

b. primary

In terms of people who have close, personal relationships, these social connections offer ________ to people who are dying. a. solace and meaning b. safety and security c. advice and support d. purpose and closure

b. safety and security

At its core, what is grief? a. A sense of sadness b. A blend of emotions c. A response to loss d. A psychological pain

c. A response to loss

What should be the first step when breaking bad news to someone? a. Prepare for drama. b. Restate the positive. c. Arrange the setting. d. Assess their feelings.

c. Arrange the setting.

Which terms best reflects aftercare-type service provided by a hospice organization? a. Specialized b. Infrequent c. Automatic d. Premium

c. Automatic

Disbelief that a loved one is dead would be classified as what type of grief reaction? a. Feelings b. Pathologies c. Cognitions d. Behaviors

c. Cognitions

Which of the following spurred development of the modern hospital model that we know today? a. Invention of antibiotics b. Connection with colleges c. Discoveries about disease d. Passage of Medicare

c. Discoveries about disease

Which of the following is likely to comprise the largest segment of attendees at the funeral of a typical person who dies in the United States? a. Peers b. Colleagues c. Friends of family d. Family

c. Friends of family

After Mariel's young son died in a pool at his fifth birthday party, she kept saying "This isn't right. Little boys aren't supposed to die. Not on their birthday. Not on such a happy day." What do Mariel's statements reflect about the loss of her son? a. It produced unhealthy grief cognitions. b. It produced a set of secondary losses. c. It destroyed her assumptive world. d. It initiated conservation-withdrawal.

c. It destroyed her assumptive world.

Why is acute pain considered beneficial in some respects? a. It is less intense. b. It is not fatal. c. It provides a warning. d. It is easy to control.

c. It provides a warning.

Which of the following is critical to Doka's concept of open communication? a. Restating b. Bonding c. Listening d. Caring

c. Listening

Although she didn't want to attend, Chloe found that going to her grandfather's funeral actually had some spiritual significance for her. What did the funeral likely offer Chloe in this context? a. Closure b. Structure c. Meaning d. Separation

c. Meaning

Which of the following lies at the center of the hospice interdisciplinary team model? a. Patient b. Doctors and nurses c. Patient and family d. Counselors

c. Patient and family

Maintaining a sense of autonomy falls under which category of coping tasks? a. Spiritual b. Physical c. Psychological d. Social

c. Psychological

In Judaism, the practice of shivah refers to which of the following? a. Three days of grief b. 11 months of remembering c. Seven days of mourning d. 30 days of readjustment

c. Seven days of mourning

Awareness contexts related to dying are focused on which of the following? a. Coping stages b. Emotional acceptance c. Social interaction d. Treatment research

c. Social interaction

Which of the following is NOT considered a key task of funeral rituals? a. To assist mourners' reintegration into life b. To help make real the implications of death c. To assure the dead's passage to the afterlife d. To appropriately dispose of the deceased

c. To assure the dead's passage to the afterlife

Why is the ritualized manner of disposition of a body considered important? a. To slow decomposition b. To prevent disease c. To respect life d. To ease grief

c. To respect life

The main physical concern for people who are coping with dying is ________. a. stiffness b. acute pain c. chronic pain d. nausea

c. chronic pain

A person's experiences from the moment of receiving diagnosis of a terminal illness to the moment of death is called a(n) ________. a. acceptance stage b. coping mechanism c. dying trajectory d. expiration path

c. dying trajectory

According to hospice principles, such programs strive to optimize the care provided to clients by ________. a. giving clients emotional support animals b. participating in clinical drug trial programs c. promoting care for staff and volunteers d. emphasizing religious and spiritual practice

c. promoting care for staff and volunteers

According to Sanders, a person who completes the sixth phase of mourning will ________. a. accept a world without the deceased b. decide to live in a diminished state c. recognize benefits from the death d. devise a new alternate reality to cope

c. recognize benefits from the death

According to the principles of hospice, when should a staff member provide comfort to a dying client? a. Often b. Rarely c. Sometimes d. Always

d. Always

Kenneth and Olivia's daughter Lacy disappeared one night while going for a run near her college campus. Despite nearly five years of searching and following leads, they have not been able to find Lacy or determine what happened to her. Which term best describes what Lacy's parents are experiencing? a. Unresolved loss b. Secondary loss c. Finite loss d. Ambiguous loss

d. Ambiguous loss

After saying goodnight to her father and telling him she'll be back to visit the next afternoon, Tamako began the long drive home from the hospice house. But soon she had to pull over, unable to stop crying. What is Tamako experiencing? a. Ambiguous mourning b. Intuitive loss c. Early bereavement d. Anticipatory grief

d. Anticipatory grief

Wanda has been searching online for alternative treatments to deal with her terminal illness. "If I can just get a little more time," she says, "maybe I can knock out this disease once and for all." Which stage of dying would Kubler-Ross say Wanda is experiencing? a. Denial b. Acceptance c. Anger d. Bargaining

d. Bargaining

Maintaining a social media page for a person who has died demonstrates which of the following concepts related to grief? a. Alternative world b. Masked grief reaction c. Conservation-withdrawal d. Continuing bonds

d. Continuing bonds

The concept of aftercare refers to which of the following? a. Respectful protocol for research cadavers b. Filling the grave after the service ends c. Preparation of the deceased's body d. Emotional support for the bereaved

d. Emotional support for the bereaved

Which phrase best reflects the state of hospital palliative care services in the United States? a. Limited and declining b. Widespread but limited c. Expanding and widespread d. Growing but inconsistent

d. Growing but inconsistent

Which of the following was a key response to deficiencies in care for the dying that were documented in the 1970s? a. Trauma care b. Palliative care c. Acute care d. Holistic care

d. Holistic care

Which of the following is a key ingredient of hope? a. Religion b. Self-care c. Goals d. Imagination

d. Imagination

Why is Sanders's six-phase model of mourning considered an improvement over Kubler-Ross's stage theory? a. It marks a clear end point. b. It reflects close observation. c. It includes detailed phases. d. It is derived from research.

d. It is derived from research.

What is the best approach to take when a dying person expresses uncomfortable emotions such as sadness or anger? a. Seek out a therapist. b. Change the subject. c. Leave them alone. d. Listen to them.

d. Listen to them.

What primarily distinguishes home health care services from other programs of care? a. Services b. Illnesses c. Outcomes d. Location

d. Location

What proportion of Americans who are dying receive hospice care? a. Over three-fourths b. Almost one-third c. About two-thirds d. Nearly one-half

d. Nearly one-half

Which of the following is NOT considered a primary dimension of care for people who are coping with dying? a. Physical b. Social c. Spiritual d. Nutritional

d. Nutritional

Which awareness context supports the highest degree of communication among people who are coping with dying? a. Suspected awareness b. Closed awareness c. Mutual pretense d. Open awareness

d. Open awareness

Which term best reflects the experience and process of grieving? a. Progressive b. Random c. Universal d. Personal

d. Personal

What is most likely to occur after a person dies in the United States? a. A coroner will transport the body from home to a funeral parlor. b. A university will pick up the body for use in cadaver research. c. The family will wash and prepare the body for home viewing. d. Professionals will move the body from a hospital or hospice.

d. Professionals will move the body from a hospital or hospice.

Sitting quietly and holding the hand of a person who is dying can provide them with what type of care? a. Spiritual b. Practical c. Physical d. Psychological

d. Psychological

Which of the following is NOT considered a theme of caring for someone who is dying? a. Reinforce b. Respect c. Recognize d. Repair

d. Repair

Which of the following is considered an "implication" of death that is communicated by funeral rituals? a. Exhibition b. Salvation c. Absolution d. Separation

d. Separation

A bereavement support group sponsored by a funeral home would be considered which category of aftercare service? a. Premier b. Casual c. Fundamental d. Standard

d. Standard

Which of the following lies at the core of coping? a. Death b. Behavior c. Grief d. Stress

d. Stress

Which of the following lists potential effects of caretaking from least to greatest impact? a. Burnout, compassion fatigue, stress b. Compassion fatigue, stress, burnout c. Stress, burnout, compassion fatigue d. Stress, compassion fatigue, burnout

d. Stress, compassion fatigue, burnout

What is the primary purpose of embalming in America today? a. To prepare a body for scientific research b. To keep a body looking life-like forever c. To slow down the decomposition process d. To keep a body suitable for public view

d. To keep a body suitable for public view

What is the primary purpose of palliative care? a. To improve health b. To cure illness c. To ease dying d. To reduce distress

d. To reduce distress

What is another term for the cohesiveness that is considered a helping factor of bereavement support groups? a. Release b. Hope c. Self-esteem d. Trust

d. Trust

When a doctor tells someone with a terminal disease that with experimental treatment they can gain an average of three months, they are referring to the ________. a. length of the coping mechanism b. scope of the treatment process c. awareness of the death encounter d. duration of the dying trajectory

d. duration of the dying trajectory

According to the adaptive model, a person who focuses on the emotional aspects of grieving is considered a(n) ________ griever. a. instrumental b. internal c. inhibitory d. intuitive

d. intuitive

In contrast to Kubler-Ross's notion that people either deny or accept the reality of dying, Weisman proposed that people experience ________. a. cognitive dissonance b. spiritual meaning c. psychic ambivalence d. middle knowledge

d. middle knowledge

The benefits attained from participating in a bereavement support group are derived from a combination of ________. a. self-help and spirituality b. spirituality and therapy c. therapy and mutual aid d. mutual aid and self-help

d. mutual aid and self-help

Compared to the stage-based model of coping with dying, the task-based model is more ________. a. analytical b. linear c. passive d. proactive

d. proactive

Saying good-bye to friends and family generally occurs during the ________ phase of living with a life-threatening illness. a. mortal b. transcendent c. acute d. terminal

d. terminal

People who care for those who are dying should devote time to self-care because the stress from this activity is ________. a. contagious b. challenging c. debilitating d. unavoidable

d. unavoidable