DEP2004: Ch. 9 Practice

People who are gifted have high general intelligence or an IQ of _____ or higher.

130

What is the average growth in inches for children in elementary school each year?

2 to 3 inches

Select all that apply Research has shown that which of the following affects children's ability to conserve? A. Culture B. Schooling C. Ethnicity D. Gender

A & B A. Culture B. Schooling

Select all that apply The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children tests which type of abilities? A. Performance ability B. Verbal ability C. Spatial ability D. Ability to create mnemonic devices

A & B A. Performance ability B. Verbal ability

Select all that apply Cognitive advances that occur in middle childhood allow children to more easily do which of the following? A. Process information B. Run faster C. Ignore distractions D. Sleep more deeply

A & C A. Process information C. Ignore distractions

Select all that apply Which of the following are included in Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences? (Select all that apply.) A. Naturalist B. Cultural C. Auditory D. Interpersonal

A & D A. Naturalist D. Interpersonal

Select all that apply The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children tests which type of abilities? A. Verbal ability B. Spatial ability C. Ability to create mnemonic devices D. Performance ability

A & D A. Verbal ability D. Performance ability

Select all that apply Which of the following are among the known main causes of intellectual disability? A. genetic disorders B. prenatal exposure to infection or alcohol C. environmental exposure to lead or high levels of mercury D. poor schooling or education

A, B, & C; A. genetic disorders B. prenatal exposure to infection or alcohol C. environmental exposure to lead or high levels of mercury

You have observed that you support political candidate A. All of your friends support political candidate A. If you use inductive reasoning, which of these conclusions are you likely to reach?

All individuals support political candidate A.

Select all that apply Piaget believed that younger children's illogical thinking gave way to more flexible, logical thinking as a result of which of the following? A. Peer support B. Neurological development C. Experience D. Conservation of volume

B & C B. Neurological development C. Experience

Select all that apply As children age, they are able to use more precise verbs and speak in more elaborate sentences. This indicates that which of the following is improving? A. Intrapersonal intelligence B. Vocabulary C. Syntax D. Interpersonal intelligence

B & C B. Vocabulary C. Syntax

Select all that apply Which of the following are aspects of pragmatics? A. analytical skill B. narrative skill C. conversational skill D. spatial skill

B & C; B. narrative skill C. conversational skill

Bertram has decided to spend some of his free time over the holiday completing a woodworking project in his garage. Which of the following answers about Bertram's choice is correct?

Bertram used divergent thinking because there was not one correct solution to what he should do during his holiday free time.

Select all that apply Which of the following are criticisms of IQ testing? A. Tests are a poor predictor of achievement in school. B. Tests overestimate intelligence for slow, careful workers. C. Tests underestimate intelligence for children who are ill. D. Tests are poor measures of native ability. E. Test scores may not be accurate for children who work slowly and carefully.

C, D, & E C. Tests underestimate intelligence for children who are ill. D. Tests are poor measures of native ability. E. Test scores may not be accurate for children who work slowly and carefully.

True or false: The traditional definition of giftedness includes highly creative children.

False; The traditional definition of giftedness tends to exclude highly creative children.

Middle-childhood IQ test scores are good predictors of school achievement, especially for which of the following groups?

Highly verbal children

Which of the following is a nontraditional individual intelligence test designed to provide fair assessments of minority children and children with disabilities?

Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children

Which of the following technological innovations allows researchers to track the variability of changes in children's brains over time?

Magnetic resonance imaging

______ refers to both the practical knowledge needed to use language for communicative purposes and the social context of language.

Pragmatics

The ability of a child to organize according to size is an example of which of the following?

Seriation

______ is the ability to order items along a dimension.

Seriation

________ is the deep underlying structure of language that organizes words into understandable phrases and sentences.

Syntax

Which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning?

The unemployment rate is at 5 percent, so 5 percent of my neighbors must be unemployed.

Which of the following statements about reasoning is not true?

There are three types of reasoning that we typically use.

High-quality family environments can promote the development of executive functioning.

True; Conversely, less ideal circumstances can undermine its development

Which of the following psychometric tests is the most widely used?

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children

Melissa and Kristin are arguing about the right answer to a question on their practice quiz. Melissa says that the right answer requires them to consider all of the facts before making a conclusion. Kristin says the correct answer is on page 74 and they should just copy it. Is Melissa using critical thinking to support her position?

Yes, because she is considering the facts before drawing a conclusion.

Analyzing the facts is

a first step in critical thinking.

The use of a device to improve memory is called

a mnemonic strategy.

Componential intelligence is also known as ______ intelligence.

analytical

What is the English-immersion approach?

approach to teaching English as a second language in which instruction is presented only in English

An important step in critical thinking is evaluating the

argument

Inductive reasoning

begins with specific observations and progresses analytically to broader generalizations and theories based on those observed cases.

The component of working memory that plans and controls its various subsystems is called the

central executive.

Desmond must enter a long string of numbers (1 4 9 2 1 6 2 0 1 7 7 6) into an old computer every two hours or the computer will mysteriously shut down. Desmond finds that combining the numbers into three meaningful years (1492, 1620, 1776) makes it easier for him to remember the string. Desmond is relying on which memory aid to help him recall the numbers?

chunking

Piaget's ____ operational stage lasts from approximately 7 to 11 years of age.

concrete

According to Piaget's theory, a 9-year-old child who can think logically but not abstractly is in which stage?

concrete operations

Corbin recently received his annual evaluation at work. His boss described him as "very insightful, always full of new ideas during our meetings, and his work is full of inventive and imaginative touches...." What type of intelligence does Corbin most likely possess?

creative

When children match the visual features of letters and phonemes while remembering which ones go together, they are engaging in the process known as ______.

decoding

Serita is 14 and her parents keep asking her what she wants to do with her life. As Serita thinks about her future, what type of future is she using?

divergent thinking, because there are many possibilities of what Serita could do as an adult

Brainstorming, when one comes up with as many solutions as possible, occurs as a part of

divergent thinking.

Between the ages of 6 and 11, school-age children ____ their weight.

double

A test that emphasizes potential rather than past learning is known as a(n) _____ test.

dynamic

Sarah claims that most people are happy; she knows this because she read it on Wikipedia. Jake concludes that Sarah does not have enough evidence to make the claim that most people are happy. What two elements of critical thinking is Jake demonstrating?

evaluating the argument and forming a conclusion based on the evidence

________ _______ is the conscious control of thoughts, emotions, and actions to accomplish goals or solve problems.

executive function

A single general ability that influences all areas of intellectual functioning is called the

g-factor.

American psychologist Robert Sternberg proposed that intelligence is a measure of

how you perform in the world every day.

Muhammad is 4. His family has a cat who is orange. Muhammad's best friend, Aamir, also has a cat. Aamir's cat is also orange. Muhammad, therefore, believes that all cats are orange. Muhammad has made an error in

inductive reasoning.

Growth of selective attention may hinge on the executive skill of __________ _________, the voluntary suppression of unwanted responses.

inhibitory control

According to Gardner,

intelligence is a complex set of abilities made up of several distinct but related domains.

Which of the following is not a component described in Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence?

interpersonal

According to Gardner, the ability to understand the self is called ________ intelligence.

intrapersonal

___________ is the ability to recognize when you do or don't know something.

metacognition

Robyn is writing a research paper and she is frustrated because she can't find some of the information she needs to finish writing it. Her awareness that she is missing some information is an example of

metacognition.

A ________ strategy is a technique used to aid memory.

mnemonic

Research has shown that there is a ______ correlation between the size of the brain and general intelligence.

moderate

Jim loves the outdoors. He is interested in different types of plants and flowers and also likes digging for fossils and old artifacts. Jim is most likely strong in which type of intelligence?

naturalist

Compared with boys, girls tend to

outperform in national reading tests. have fewer school problems. make better grades.

When Rose meets a new person, she repeats the person's name over and over in her head in an attempt to remember that name at a later time. Which part of working memory is activated by this activity?

phonological loop

Sylvie asks her brother Sam if she can borrow his car. Sam says she can if she will first go to the car and retrieve his Rihanna CD from his giant CD collection. So that she won't forget which CD Sam wants, Sylvie imagines a picture of Rihanna in her head while humming the song "Umbrella" as she walks to the car. Sylvie is relying on which component(s) of working memory to help her out?

phonoloical loop AND visuospatial sketchpad

Martin is thought of as being "street smart" rather than "book smart." Martin could be described as having a higher ______ intelligence and a lower ______ intelligence.

practical; analytical

According to research, children with the highest intelligence have a(n) ______ that thins quickly.

prefrontal cortex

The most brain development associated with executive functioning occurs in the

prefrontal cortex.

Which of the following are involved in the efficiency of working memory?

processing speed storage capacity

A child who can deliberately direct his attention and shut out distractions is displaying

selective attention.

What is intellectual disability?

significantly subnormal cognitive functioning

Anthea is people smart. She is good at reading the feelings and emotions of others and can predict other people's intentions. According to Gardner, for which occupation is Anthea well suited?

social worker

Terry often gets lost when driving places. It seems he just can't understand maps and often confuses north with south. Terry is probably weak in which type of intelligence?

spatial

What is bilingual education?

system of teaching non-English-speaking children in their native language while they learn English and later switching to all-English instruction

Which best describes executive function?

the conscious control of thoughts, emotions, and actions to accomplish goals or solve problems

Divergent thinking is used when

there are many possible solutions, so you think in multiple directions.

Before learning to read, a child must be able to do all of the following things, except

understand how to be a competent conversationalist.

Paul is driving to his friend Peter's house for the first time. Paul has a map, but because he is on a busy highway, he can glance at the map only every few minutes. Between these glances, Paul keeps a picture of the map in his head by using the __________ component of working memory.

visuospatial sketchpad

The improvement in processing speed and storage capacity leads to improvements in _______ memory.

working

Convergent thinking is required to solve all of the following except

writing an essay to accompany your graduate school application.

Girls have an advantage in ____, whereas boys have an advantage in ____.

writing; science