development

A mother tells the nurse that she will visit her 2-year-old son tomorrow about noon. During the child's bath, he asks for Mommy. What is the nurse's best reply? "Mommy will be here after lunch." "Mommy always comes back to see you." "Your Mommy told me yesterday that she would be here today about noon." "Mommy had to go home for a while, but she will be here today."

"Mommy will be here after lunch." toddlers have a limited concept of time, the nurse should translate the mother's statement about being back around noon to a familiar activity that takes place at that time. Telling the child that his mother always comes back to see him does not give the child any meaningful information about when his mother will visit. Twelve noon is a meaningless concept for a toddler. Stating that his mother had to go home but will be back today does not provide the child with any meaningful information related to when she will actually visit

Characteristics of physical development of a 30-month-old child are (Select all that apply.) anterior fontanel is open. birth weight has doubled. genital fondling is noted. sphincter control is achieved. primary dentition is complete.

sphincter control is achieved. primary dentition is complete. Sphincter control in preparation for bowel and bladder control is usually achieved by 30 months of age. Primary dentition is usually completed by 30 months of age. Anterior fontanel closes between 12 and 18 months of age. Birth weight should double at 5-6 months of age and quadruple by 2½ years of age. Genital fondling is not a characteristic of physical development of this age group. This is part of the development of gender identity.

When administering an I.M. injection to an infant, the nurse in charge should use which site? Deltoid Dorsogluteal Ventrogluteal Vastus lateralis

Vastus lateralis The recommended injection site for an infant is the vastus lateralis or rectus femoris muscles. The deltoid is inappropriate. The dorsogluteal and ventrogluteal sites can be used only in toddlers who have been walking for about 1 year.

An adolescent is admitted to the hospital for a fractured femur. The most appropriate nursing intervention(s) in caring for this adolescent is/are to (Select all that apply.) A provide written material about the hospital. B provide an opportunity for the adolescent to try on surgical attire. C explain the upcoming surgery to the adolescent using anatomically correct models. D provide an opportunity for the adolescent to talk with peers who have had a similar experience. E provide education for the parents of what to teach so they can share with their adolescent.

A provide written material about the hospital. C explain the upcoming surgery to the adolescent using anatomically correct models. D provide an opportunity for the adolescent to talk with peers who have had a similar experience. Adolescents benefit from written material about hospitalization. This material offers information and services provided in the hospital that the adolescent can access that gives a sense of control. The use of anatomically correct models to explain surgical procedures offers the adolescent opportunities to ask questions and decrease fear and anxiety. The opportunity for the adolescent to talk with peers who have had a similar experience to facilitate communication on their level. Dressing up in surgical attire is appropriate for the younger child, not the adolescent. The adolescent should be taught firsthand about the hospitalization and what to expect

The nurse is discussing toddler development with a parent. Which intervention will foster the achievement of autonomy? Help the toddler complete tasks. Provide opportunities for the toddler to play with other children. Help the toddler learn the difference between right and wrong. Encourage the toddler to do things for himself or herself when he or she is capable of doing them.

Encourage the toddler to do things for himself or herself when he or she is capable of doing them. Toddlers have an increased ability to control their bodies, themselves, and the environment. Autonomy develops when children complete tasks of which they are capable. To successfully achieve autonomy, the toddler needs to have a sense of accomplishment. This does not occur if parents complete tasks. Children at this age engage in parallel play. This will not foster autonomy. This concept is too advanced for toddlers and will not contribute to autonomy

While examining a 2-year-old child, the nurse in charge sees that the anterior fontanel is open. The nurse should: Notify the doctor Look for other signs of abuse Recognize this as a normal finding Ask about a family history of Tay-Sachs disease

Notify the doctor Because the anterior fontanel normally closes between ages 12 and 18 months, the nurse should notify the doctor promptly of this finding. An open fontanel does not indicate abuse and is not associated with Tay-Sachs disease.

Which statement is most characteristic of the motor skills of a 24-month-old child? The toddler walks alone but falls easily. The toddler's activities begin to produce purposeful results. The toddler is able to grasp small objects but cannot release them at will. The toddler's motor skills are fully developed but occur in isolation from the environment.

The toddler's activities begin to produce purposeful results. Gross and fine motor mastery occurs with other activities that have a purpose, such as walking to a particular location or putting down one toy and picking up a new toy. By 2 years of age, children are able to walk up and down stairs without falling. Grasping small objects without being able to release them is a task of infancy. Interaction with the environment is essential for mastery of both fine and gross motor skills at this age and beyond

In teaching prospective parents about the emergence of gender identity, the nurse should instruct them that this concept emerges at about 12 months of age. 24 months of age. at birth. at 3 years of age.

24 months of age. The concept of gender identity begins at about 2 years of age (24 months), at which children are able to label their own as well as other's genders. It is not inherent at birth or by 1 year of age.

Molly, with suspected rheumatic fever, is admitted to the pediatric unit. When obtaining the child's history, the nurse considers which information to be most important? fever that started 3 days ago Lack of interest in food A recent episode of pharyngitis Vomiting for 2 days

A recent episode of pharyngitis A recent episode of pharyngitis is the most important factor in establishing the diagnosis of rheumatic fever. Although the child may have a history of fever or vomiting or lack interest in food, these findings are not specific to rheumatic fever.

Nurses counseling parents regarding the home care of the child with a cardiac defect before corrective surgery should stress the importance of reducing caloric intake to decrease cardiac demands. importance of relaxing discipline and limit-setting to prevent crying. need to be extremely concerned about cyanotic spells. desirability of promoting normalcy within the limits of the child's condition.

desirability of promoting normalcy within the limits of the child's condition. The child needs to have social interactions, discipline, and appropriate limit setting. Parents need to be encouraged to promote as normal a life as possible for their child. The child needs increased caloric intake after cardiac surgery. The child needs discipline and appropriate limit setting, as would be done with any other child his or her age. Because cyanotic spells will occur in children with some defects, the parents need to be taught how to assess for and manage them appropriately, thereby decreasing their anxiety and concern