Development and community exam study
Healthy people 2030 goals
- Attain healthy, thriving lives and well-being free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. - Eliminate health disparities, achieve health equity, and attain health literacy to improve the health and well-being of all. - Create social, physical, and economic environments that promote attaining the full potential for health and well-being for all. - Promote healthy development, healthy behaviors, and well-being across all life stages. - Engage leadership, key constituents, and the public across multiple sectors to take action and design policies that improve the health and well-being of all
Healthy people 2030 LHI (All ages)
- Children and adolescents and adults who use the oral healthcare system - Consumption of calories from added sugars by persons aged 2 years and over - Drug overdose deaths - Exposure to unhealthy air - Homicides - Household food insecurity and hunger - Person's who are vaccinated annually against seasonal influenza - Persons who know their HIV status (13+) - Persons with medical insurance (<65 years) - Suicides
Factors affecting growth and development
- Heredity (physical appearance + health problems inherited) - Environment (overall physical + psychological stimulation they receive) - Gender (Height/weight is higher with boys but mental maturity is higher with women) - Hormones - Exercise - Nutrition (malnutrition/obesity) - Socioeconomic status - Education
Risk factors for developmental delay
- Prenatal risks (inadequate prenatal care, drugs, genetic conditions) - Birth risk (Trauma, LBW, premature birth) - Individual risk (cognitive/mental disabilities) - Family risk (large family, low education/poor family health) - Situational risk (Sexual abuse, violence, violent family relationships, acute mental/physical health crises, life stress) - Social Determinants of health risk (poverty, limited assess to healthcare) - Toxic stress (child abuse, exposure to domestic violence, chronic everyday stressors) - Health status (chronic illness, traumatic/severe injuries)
Healthy people 2030 LHI (Adults and older adults)
- adult engaging and been shrinking of alcoholic beverages during the past 30 days - go to meet the current minimum guidelines for aerobic physical activity and muscle strengthening activity - adults who receive a colorectal cancer screening based on the most recent guidelines - adults with hypertension whose blood pressure is under control - cigarette smoking in adults - employment among the working age population - maternal deaths - new cases of diagnose diabetes in the population
Developmental milestones
Ability or specific skill most individuals can accomplish in a certain age range Refers to changes involved with: - Physical/Physiologic development - Motoric development - Cognitive development - Communication development - Social/emotional development - Adaptive development Purpose - Milestones provide a basis for developmental asset and serve as major markers in tracking development
Duties of the SICWG
Act as communicating agent to state users about critical wireless radio communications issues and coordinate a unified state approach Interface with state, federal, tribal, and private wireless radio communications advisory groups, as well as regulatory and governing bodies (e.g., SAFECOM, NPSTC, APCO, and Regional Four Corners Committee) Identify infrastructure needs through gap analysis and technology reviews Develop and recommend system standards for wireless radio communications to be used in the evaluation of federal and state funding requests
Epidemiologist
Apply principles of epidemiology for community surveillance to protect the level of health in the community and develop sensitivity to changes in the health status of the community and help identify the cause of these changes
Public health protection agencies NM
CANNABIS AND HEMP BUREAU The New Mexico Environment Department is responsible for permitting hemp warehouses, extraction facilities, manufacturing facilities, and processing facilities throughout New Mexico to ensure consumer health is protected FOOD SAFETY BUREAU The New Mexico Environment Department Food Safety Bureau protects public health by permitting, inspecting and providing technical assistance to food establishments in New Mexico to prevent foodborne illness. The Bureau also permits events where food will be served, like county and state fairs OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY BUREAU The Occupational Health and Safety Bureau works to ensure that all employees in New Mexico have a safe and healthful workplace ONSITE WASTEWATER BUREAU The Onsite Wastewater Bureau ensures septic systems are adequately installed and maintained in a manner that is protective of public health and the environment PUBLIC RECREATION WATER SAFETY SECTION The New Mexico Environment Department Public Recreation Water Safety Section inspects all public Aquatic Venues, including pools and spa RADIATION CONTROL BUREAU The Radiation Control Bureau oversees beneficial uses of ionizing radiation while providing for protection against hazards it can pose to workers, the public and the environment. The Bureau regulates uses of sources of radioactivity and radiation under the statutory authority of the New Mexico Radiation Control Act (74-3-1 through 74-3-16 NMSA, 1978)
Water protection for NM
CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMS BUREAU The Construction Programs Bureau helps New Mexico communities develop sustainable and secure water, wastewater and solid waste infrastructure through funding and technical assistance DRINKING WATER BUREAU The Drinking Water Bureau regulates public water systems in New Mexico. A public water system is any water system that serves at least 15 service connections or 25 individuals at least 60 days out of the year. GROUND WATER QUALITY BUREAU The Ground Water Quality Bureau protects New Mexico's groundwater resources as mandated by the Water Quality Act and the New Mexico Ground and Surface Water Protection Regulations (20.6 NMAC) and identifies, investigates, and cleans up contaminated sites to protect human health and the environment. PETROLEUM STORAGE TANK BUREAU The Petroleum Storage Tank Bureau works to reduce, mitigate and eliminate the threats to the environment posed by petroleum products or hazardous material or wastes released from underground and above ground storage tanks SURFACE WATER QUALITY BUREAU The Surface Water Quality Bureau preserves, protects, and improves New Mexico's surface water quality for present and future generations WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Community based nursing
Care that takes place in community settings such as a home or clinic, where nurses focus on the needs of an individual or family - Involves safety needs and acute/chronic care of individuals and families + enhances their capacity for selfcare and promotes autonomy in decision making Work with assessing health status, diagnosing health problems, planning care, implementing interventions, and evaluating outcomes of care. Functions as the first level of contact between members of a community and the health care delivery system
Mass Casualty incident preparedness (Community)
Community emergency response teams (CERTs) developed - recognized by federal emergency management agency (FEMA) as important partners in emergency preparedness CERT training helps citizens understand their personal responsibility in preparing for a natural or human made disaster. Learn what to expect after a disaster and how to safely help themselves, family, and neighbors. Training includes lifesaving skills with emphasis on decision making and rescuer safety. CERTs are an extension of the first responder team. Offer immediate help to victims and organize untrained volunteers to assist until professional services arrive.
Collaborator
Competent in communicating and working with patients, families, and other members of health care team - mutual trust and respect is needed to develop a mutually acceptable plan that will achieve common goals.
Land and waste protection for NM
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OVERSIGHT BUREAU The Department of Energy Oversight Bureau conducts independent environmental monitoring of Department of Energy (DOE) operations in New Mexico and provides transparent, unbiased, and publicly available information to the citizens of New Mexico HAZARDOUS WASTE BUREAU The Hazardous Waste Bureau ensures that hazardous waste is managed and contaminated sites are cleaned up in a manner that is protective of human health and the environment SOLID WASTE BUREAU The Solid Waste Bureau promotes and works to ensure solid waste management practices that improve and protect public health and New Mexico's air, land, and water
NM Department of Homeland Security and Emergency Management
DHSEM works to protect the people of New Mexico and the nation through a comprehensive and coordinated program of mitigating hazards, preparing for emergencies, preventing attacks, and recovering from disasters regardless of cause. Our department prepares for a wide variety of emergencies, including wildfires, flooding, health crises, and domestic attacks. When necessary, the state assists localities whose capabilities are overwhelmed, and DSHEM serves as the conduit for federal assistance. Our work in emergency management is coordinated around the five mission areas of the National Preparedness Goal: prevention, protection, mitigation, response, and recovery. DHSEM also coordinates with state and local law enforcement, as well as federal partners like the FBI and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, to obtain, analyze, and distribute intelligence on possible threats to public safety. Additionally, our department facilitates and distributes tens of millions of dollars in federal grants to New Mexico communities every year. DHSEM also works closely with customs and border officials to secure our nation's borders The mission of the State Fire Marshal's Office (SFMO) is to protect the lives and property of New Mexico residents and guests from the devastating effects of fire. This goal is accomplished through promotion of public safety and fire prevention programs, as well as resources distributed to the New Mexico fire departments for fire protection services. The SFMO carries out its mission through four bureaus: Code Enforcement, Fire Investigations, Fire Service Support, and the Fire Training Academy
Duties of the IPC
Develop and coordinate a statewide emergency communications plan to achieve interoperability across local, state, tribal, and federal agencies, as well as first responders. This plan must comply with national incident management system guidelines, including an integrated public safety radio communications system. Implement the emergency communications plan and provide specific directions and guidance for state agencies and local jurisdictions Oversee other priorities relating to the emergency communications plan, including planning, development, coordination, promotion, and implementation
NM preparedness
Disasters can happen anywhere - even in New Mexico. Every community in New Mexico is vulnerable to both man-made and natural disasters, including flash flooding, wildfires, drought, thunderstorms, and major attacks. No one can stop natural disasters from occurring, but we can limit the impact they have on our communities. To that end, DHESM recommends having three days' worth of emergency supplies for each family member in your household. Also, do not forget preparedness when it comes to your animals. Think of emergency preparedness as a "quality of life" issue. Proper planning, preparation, and practice will help you and your family be more comfortable when faced with an emergency. The most important factor is communication. Every member of your family needs to be involved in planning so that when disaster strikes, everyone will know what to do and where to meet. Once your family plan is complete - don't forget to practice! Just like you did when you were in school, organize household fire drills, flooding drills, and similar exercises as often as possible. Then, share your family plan with your neighbors and help them plan for their family. Let them know that disasters strike anywhere - even in New Mexico.
Abused patient characteristics + nursing care
Effects often older adults, women, and children. Risks include mental health problems, substance abuse, socioeconomic stressors, lack of understanding of child development/parenting skills, and dysfunctional family relationships Important to Provide protection - Use therapeutic communication that reinforce that the abuse is not victims fault Nurses must report abuse involving elders over 65, children under 18, and disabled individuals.
Emergency color system
Green - minor injuries Yellow - urgent but not life threatening Red - life-threatening injury requiring immediate intervention Blue - Those who are expected to die Black - identifies the dead must be triaged within 15 seconds
Vulnerable Populations
Groups of patients who are more likely to develop health problems as a result of excess health risks - have limited access to health care services or who depend on others for care - Those living in poverty - Older adults - Those who are disabled - Homeless - Immigrants - Individuals in abusive relationships - substance abusers - People with mental illness
Educator
Guide patient and families to gain skills and knowledge needed to care for themselves - gives opportunity to follow patients over time
Mass Casualty incident preparedness (HCP)
HCP - must have knowledge of hospital's emergency response plan - includes individual roles and responsibilities of the members of the response team plus participation in emergency/MCI preparedness drills on a regular basis. Drills allow HCP's to become familiar with emergency response procedures
Patient advocate
Help walk patients through the system and identify where to go for services, how to reach individuals with the appropriate authority, which services to request, and how to follow through with the information they receive. Provide info so patient can make needed informed decisions while defending patient's decisions.
Older adult characteristics and nursing care
Help with understanding which steps they need to take to maintain their health and improve their level of function through physical activity Design appropriate community based interventions that provide an opportunity to improve the lifestyle and quality of life of older adults.
Mass Casualty Incident (MCI)
Human made or natural event/disaster that overwhelms a community's ability to respond with existing resources - usually involves large numbers of victims, physical and emotional suffering, permanent changes within the community Always require assistance from resources outside the affected community
Levels of Triage - Unstable/Resuscitation (level 1
Immediate life-saving intervention - patient is unstable
Healthy people 2030 (Infants and Children/Adolescents)
Infants - Infant deaths Children and Adolescents - 4th Great students whose reading skills are at or above the proficient achievement level for their grade - adolescence with major depressive episode to receive treatment - children and adolescents with obesity - current use of any tobacco products among adolescents
Community health nursing
Involves - Nursing practice in the community - Primary focus - Health care of individuals, families, and groups within the community - Goal - preserve, protect, and promote/maintain health - Emphasis - improve the quality of health and life within a community
Secondary survey
Life-threatening condition ruled out Gather specific information about injury Assess vital signs and perform more detailed evaluation of conditions that do not pose life-threatening consequences SAMPLE - Symptoms associated with injury or illness - Allergies - Medication history - Past health history - Last meal/oral intake - Events or environmental factors leading to the illness or injury
Immigrant population characteristics and nursing care
Limited access to health care because of language barriers, lack of benefits, resources and transportation Often have higher rates of hypertension, diabetes, and infectious diseases with decreased outcomes of care and shorter life expectancies Frequently use nontraditional healing practices Must be sensitive to these physical and psychological stressors and identify appropriate resources to help patients meet their health care needs
Caregiver
Manage and care for health of patients in the community - must individualize care within the context of a patient's community so that long term success is more likely. Must recognize actual health care need and identify needed community resources
Mental illness characteristics and nursing care
Many are homeless or live in poverty + lack ability to remain employed or care for themselves on daily basis. Often require medication, counseling, housing/vocational assistance Greater risk for abuse and assult Many go untreated because of inability to navigate health care system
Poverty/homelessness characteristics and nursing care
More likely to have more health disparities - higher risk of living in hazardous environments, working at high risk jobs, eating less nutritious diets, having multiple stressors in life, lacking adequate transportation, and being homeless. Chronic health problems tend to worsen because of poor nutrition and inability to store nutritional food Tend to seek health care in ED
Counselor
Need to be aware of patient's resources - helps identify and clarify health problems as well as choose appropriate courses of action to solve those problems. Responsible for providing info, listening objectively, and being supportive - don't make decisions but help patients reach decisions that are best for them.
Levels of Triage -Urgent (Level 3)
Patient is stable - may see provider within 1 hour
Levels of triage - Non-urgent (level 5)
Patient is stable - needs exam only
Levels of triage - Semi-urgent (level 4)
Patient is stable - no life threat or organ threat (simple diagnostic study)
NM 2020 data for vulnerable popluations
Percent Medicaid - 45% Percent Uninsured - 12% Percent at/under 100% poverty - 18% Percent under 200% poverty 41%
Public health nursing
Requires understanding of - Needs of a population/ collection of individuals who have one or more personal or environmental characteristics in common - Factors that influence health promotion and health maintenance - Trends and patterns influencing disease within populations - Environmental factors contributing to health and illness - Political processes used to affect public policy
Development
Sequence of physical, psychosocial, and cognitive development changes that take place over the human lifespan. Includes 3 aspects of change - Physical growth - Differentiation - Maturation Normal human development is: - Organized - Progressive - Follows predictable sequence across life stages
Community assessment
Systematic data collection on the population, monitoring the health status of population, making information available about the health of the community. Has 3 components: - Structure/locale - People - Social systems
Air quality bureau
The Air Quality Bureau protects the public health of New Mexicans and the natural beauty of the state by preventing the deterioration of air quality
Communications team
The DHSEM Communications Team provides technical assistance to help city, county, tribal, and federal partners develop broad and coordinated communication systems. The Team helps local jurisdictions and state agencies understand radio communications, and it works closely with these partners to ensure information can be easily and effectively transmitted across all levels of government. Team members also coordinate mass notifications through local 9-1-1 call centers. In 2009, the New Mexico Legislature established the Emergency Communications Interoperability Act (SB 173-2009), which led to the creation of the Interoperable Communications Policy Commission (IPC). The IPC is responsible for directing policies related to planning, designing, and implementing best practices to address New Mexico's public safety communications interoperability issues
Response Team
The DHSEM Response Team is responsible for coordinating state-level responses to emergencies and disasters. In addition to assisting local governments plan for large-scale events, the Response Team supports state agencies, local jurisdictions, and tribal entities who have been impacted by an emergency. Local Emergency Managers contact the twenty-four-hour duty line to inform the New Mexico Emergency Operations Center (NMEOC) of their pending emergency. In turn, the Duty Program allows central communication between local, state, and federal agencies. The NMEOC Duty Officer will then analyze the situation and advise the Governor's Authorized Representative (GAR) on the proper course of action
National Preparedness Goal
The National Preparedness Goal describes five mission areas — prevention, protection, mitigation, response and recovery — and 32 activities, called core capabilities, that address the greatest risks to the nation
State Wide Interoperability Communications Working Group (SICWG)
The Statewide Interoperable Communications Working Group (SICWG) was established in 2006 to provide standards for wireless radio communications, share researching best practices, facilitate cooperative and contract agreements, ensure adequate wireless spectrum, and review priorities for the statewide radio interoperable needs. A sub-team of the SICWG has been established and is referred to as the Core working group (SICWG-C)
rave
The need to be prepared for any threat or emergency has never been greater. To help keep communities safe, DHSEM and other public safety agencies have partnered with community leaders and the RAVE Mobile Safety tool to transmit critical information on unforeseen risks. Communities can rely on Rave's scalable platform to send internal and external mass notifications and receive critical, real-time incident information
All Hazard Incident Management Team (AHIMT)
The purpose of an all-hazard incident management team (AHIMT) is to assist any New Mexico jurisdiction confronted with an incident beyond its capabilities. An AHIMT provides capabilities that can facilitate a robust management framework and help jurisdictions stabilize incidents. In New Mexico, an AHIMT serves in a support role for the local incident command structure (ICS) when an incident has exceeded the capabilities of a jurisdiction. The jurisdiction requesting the assistance of an AHIMT, known as the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ), defines the AHIMT's role with support from NMEOC representatives providing technical assistance. An AHJ can include a local jurisdiction, state, or federal agencies
sequential steps of triage
Triage Registration Treatment Reevaluation Discharge
Competency in Community-Based Nursing
Variety of skills needed in order to be successful - Caregiver - Case Manager - Change Agent - Patient Advocate - Collaborator - Counselor - Educator - Epidemiologist
Developmental delay
When an individual does not accomplish milestones within a specific age range or critical period Signifies that an essential element of neurologic and/or cognitive maturation has not occurred within age range and should be investigated Delay - identified if a developmental change was not found in an individual that can be found in 95% of others in the same chronological age range Delays may be demonstrated in subtle ways - may not affect overall functioning unless delays are pronounced and developmental progress continues to log over time.
Community based health care
a model of care to reach all in a community - focuses on assisting individuals and communities with achieving a healthy living environment - Occurs outside of traditional healthcare facilities - Provides services for acute and chronic conditions
structure/locale
assessing neighborhood/community for design, location of services, + possible environmental causes for concern
Case Manager
establish an appropriate plan of care based on assessment of clients and families and to coordinate needed resources and services for the client's well-being across a continuum of care. Greatest challenge is to coordinate the activities of multiple providers and payers in different settings throughout the patients care
Hazard Emergency Operations Plan (EOP)
establishes the basis for coordination of DOH resources and response to provide public health and medical services during an emergency or disaster. The fundamental assumption is that a significant emergency or disaster may overwhelm the capability of the local government or the healthcare system to carry out operations necessary to save lives and protect public health. Consequently, resources of the DOH are used to provide public health and medical services assistance throughout the State
Primary survey
focuses on airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure/environment control. It serves to identify life threatening condition so that the appropriate interventions can be initiated At any point during this time if you find life threatening conditions start interventions immediately. may be changed to <C> for catastrophic Hemorrhage
Change Agent
identifying and implementing new and more effective approaches to problems - empower individuals and their families to creatively solve problems or become instrumental in creating change within the health care agency
Biologic agents
include anthrax, smallpox, botulism, plague, tularemia and hemmorhagic ever Anthrax, plague, and tularemia are treated with antibiotics - vaccines are usually available for everything else.
people assessment
obtain demographics of population by accessing statistics on the community from reliable web sites, local public health department or public library
social systems
schools or health care agencies by visiting various sites and learning about their resources
Levels of Triage - Emergency (level 2)
threatened - likely by not always obvious injury to life/organs.
