Developmental Psych: Ch. 1

Life expectancy in the US is ______ years of age.

79

Which of the following correctly describe life span in the study of human development? (select all that apply)

It involves growth and change. It occurs throughout life.

Which aspects listed are part of the multidimensional characteristic of life-span development?

biological socioemotional cognitive

Normative history-graded influences are

common to members of a particular generation.

If a study is "cross-cultural," this means that it

compares multiple cultures.

Life-span development is considered to be a _____ process and does not end at any particular age.

continuous

Life-span ______ is the pattern of movement or change that begins at conception.

development

The perspective that does not rigidly believe in any one theoretical perspective but considers multiple theories and selects the best features from each is known as a(n) ______ theoretical orientation.

eclectic

In recent years, many psychologists have started to use the term ______ to refer to the period of transition from adolescence to early adulthood.

emerging adulthood

theory states that behavior is tied to evolution, is strongly affected by biological influence, and is characterized by critical or sensitive periods. (Watch your spelling!)

ethological

True or false: Life-span development focuses mostly on the rapid growth and development that occurs during childhood.

false

The characteristics of masculinity and femininity that form a central part of a person's identity and social relationships is called _______.

gender

Melissa is intrigued with how people change from infancy through late adulthood. She would learn about this subject by studying the field of human development called...

life-span development

Development is __________, which refers to the fact that it has biological, cognitive, and socioemotional aspects.

multidimensional

The observance of behavior in real-world settings, while making no effort to manipulate or control the situation, is known as observation. (Remember to type only one word in the blank.)

naturalistic

Events that typically occur at the same age for most people, such as beginning school in early childhood, are known as ______ influences.

normative age-graded

The upper boundary of the human life span (based on the oldest age documented) is _____ years.

122

______ encompasses the behavior patterns and beliefs that are passed from generation to generation.

Culture

encompasses the behavior patterns and beliefs that are passed from generation to generation.

Culture

Which of the following statements most accurately reflects what is important in the study of life-span development?

It is important to study growth as well as decline when studying the life span.

Which of the following are characteristics of the life-span perspective of development?

It is lifelong. It is multidimensional. It is multidirectional.

Which of the following is true of Piaget's theory of cognitive development? (Choose every correct answer.)

It states that adolescents organize their experiences. It consists of four stages.

_______ life events are unusual occurrences that have a major impact on an individual's life, but do not occur to every individual and do not always influence people in the same way.

Nonnormative

Which statement about the human life span is TRUE?

The maximum human life span has not changed since the beginning of recorded history.

Which of the following statements are consistent with the basic premises of Erikson's psychosocial theory?

Vygotsky's sociocultural theory information-processing theory Piaget's developmental theory

A central focus in developmental research is plasticity, which refers to ______.

a person's capacity for change

period of development is the period between childhood and emerging adulthood. It begins at approximately 10 to 12 years of age and ends at 18 to 21 years of age. (Watch your spelling!)

adolescent

Research results from studies done with participants who are not from diverse cultures or ethnic groups have sometimes been applied to people who are from diverse cultures and ethnic groups. This is clearly a case of cultural and ethnic .

bias

One thing that the information-processing theory, Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, and Piaget's developmental theory have in common is that they are all ______ theories.

cognitive

The prenatal period is the time from ______.

conception to birth

Both the behavioral and the social cognitive theories emphasize

continuity in development.

research is to measure the strength of the relationship between or among variables without making a determination about cause and effect.

correlational

______-cultural studies compare aspects of two or more cultures.

cross

What term describes the beliefs, customs, and general behavior patterns of a group of people?

culture

Life-span ________ is the pattern of movement or change that begins at conception.

development

True or False: Ethnicity encompasses nationality but not religion or language.

false

True or false: The life-span perspective involves sociocultural and individual factors, but not biological factors.

false

Which of the following are cognitive theories of development?

information-processing theory Vygotsky's sociocultural theory Piaget's developmental theory

The average number of years that a person born in a particular year can expect to live is called

life expectancy

In the life-span perspective, no age period dominates development. That highlights the view that development is considered to be _______.

lifelong

The idea that development is ______ refers to the fact that some dimensions or components of a dimension expand and others shrink throughout the life span.

multidirectional

Development is ______, which means that researchers in many different fields have an interest in understanding the many aspects of development.

multidisciplinary

Development is _______, which means that researchers in many fields share an interest in unlocking the mysteries of development through the life span.

multidisciplinary

Mike lost a friend in a car crash during his senior year in high school. This would be considered a(n) _______ life event, because it made a major impact on Mike, but not everyone.

nonnormative

_________ age-graded influences include biological processes such as puberty and menopause

normative

Events or trends (such as social or economic trends) that are common to members of a particular generation are known as ______ influences.

normative history-graded

In lifespan development, which term refers to the capacity for change?

plasticity

Which of the following are factors in which ethnicity is rooted? (Choose every correct answer.)

race cultural heritage nationality

What is the goal of descriptive research?

to observe and record behaviors

period of development is a time of transition between infancy and early childhood.

toddler

What term describes someone whose gender identity differs from the gender assigned to them at birth?

transgender