Developmental Psych Test #1

Define a teratogen, and illustrate your answer with an example. List at least six teratogens one should avoid during pregnancy.

A teratogen is any agent that can cause a birth defect or negatively alter development. Examples of these are caffeine, cocaine, nicotine, alcohol and so many more. Intake of these teratogens during pregnancy can affect the fetus's development cognitively and lead to behavioral effects.

In addition to chronological age, list the three other types of "age" discussed in the textbook and give a brief description of each.

Biological age is the physical age that is determined by how fit one is. Psychological age is based off of ones ability to cope, and handle situations, commonly referred to as maturity. Lastly there is social age is where you are in life and what is going on such as having a child, or being in school.

The _____ stage is the longest stage of the birth process.

First

Socioeconomic status (SES) refers to

a person's position within society based on occupational, educational, and economic characteristics.

Development can be defined as the pattern of movement or change that

begins at conception and continues through the human life span

Changes in motor skills, nutrition, exercise, the hormonal changes of puberty, and cardiovascular decline are all examples of _____ processes that affect development

biological

In the nature-nurture issue, nature refers to an organism's _____, nurture to its _____.

biological inheritance; environmental experiences

A teratogen is any agent that can cause

birth defects

The _____ position refers to the baby's position in the uterus that causes the buttocks to be the first part to emerge from the vagina

breech

According to Paul Baltes, as the benefits of evolutionary selection decrease with age, the need for _____ increases

culture

Vygotsky's theory emphasizes how _____ guides cognitive development.

culture and social interaction

A(n) _____ gene overrides the potential influence of a recessive gene

dominant

The idea that no singular theory can explain life-span development as a whole, but that each theory plays an important role, is referred to as a(n)

eclectic theoretical orientation

Erik Erikson's developmental theory consists of ________ stages that last from the first year of life to ________

eight; end of life

In the period of prenatal development that occurs from two to eight weeks after conception, the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall. During this period, the mass of cells is referred to as a(n)

embryo

Voletta is at the stage of pregnancy where the zygote has attached itself to the uterine wall. This scenario indicates the _____ stage of prenatal development.

germinal

Rachel is in the first period of prenatal development. This scenario indicates the _____ of prenatal development.

germinal period

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the periods of prenatal development?

germinal; embryonic; fetal

PKU is when this AA cannot be metabolized?

Phenylalanine

___ age is an individual's adaptive capacities compared with those of other individuals of the same chronological age.

Psychological

In the brain, the _____ lobes have an active role in hearing, language processing, and memory.

Temporal

Erin, a 90-year-old, is healthy and leads an active lifestyle. Most of her relatives have lived to an old age. Researchers have found that Erin's family carries genes related to stress resistance, immunity, and metabolism that help extend life by repairing and protecting body tissues. In this scenario, which of the following genes is most likely responsible for Erin living to an old age?

longevity genes

Agatha is 83 years old. According to Baltes and his colleagues, _____ and _____ in her capacities will take center stage

maintenance; regulation of loss

According to Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory, a person's family, peers, school, and neighborhood constitute his/her

microsystem

A mistake by the cellular machinery, or damage from an environmental agent such as radiation, may produce a _____, which is a permanently altered segment of DNA

mutated gene

The long hollow tube formed by the mother's nervous system and located on the embryo's back is called the _____

neural tube

Similar to the epigenetic view, the _____ view emphasizes the importance of interactions between experience and gene expression in the brain's development

neuroconstructivist

Influences that generally affect a generation (for example, the effect of the Vietnam War on the baby boomers) are considered _____ influences.

normative history-graded

The process of organ development during the first two months of prenatal development is known as

organogenisis

Phenotypes include _____ and _____ characteristics.

physical; psychological

____ means the capacity for change

plasticity

Malorie was born during her mother's 32nd week of pregnancy. Malorie would be termed a(n) _____ baby.

preterm

Piaget's four stages of cognitive development

start at birth and continue through adulthood

Which of the following is evaluated by the Apgar Scale?

the newborns heart rate

Tara has just entered the fetal period. Therefore, it has been _____ months since conception

two

What is life expectancy?

Life expectancy is how long one is projected to live. It is the life span of someone or something. Having a dramatic increase in people living longer presents the problem of overpopulation. This can lead to many different problems such as a lack in resources and space.

Uma has completed her third trimester and has just given birth. Which of the following is most likely to be true assuming that the baby is perfectly average?

The baby is 19 to 20 inches long and weighs 6 to 7.5 pounds

Tamara, an African American, is born with a genetic disorder that causes her body's red blood cells to become hook shaped instead of being disk shaped, impairing the normal oxygen-carrying capacity of the cells. The doctors explain to Tamara's parents that this condition, however, makes her resistant to malaria. Which of the following disorders is Tamara most likely suffering from?

sickle cell anemia

___ processes involve changes in the individual's relationships with other people, changes in emotions, and changes in personality

socioemotional